Umkhuhlane waseSpain
Ngo-1918, igciwane lesifo sofuba lisakaze emhlabeni jikelele, okuholela ekufweni. Lesi sifo sesaziwa ngokuthi i-1918 noma i-Flugal Spanish. Kwabangelwa igciwane le-H1N1 le-influenza A ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi batjhugululwa kusuka kumgogodla wegciwane owawuqala ukuhlasela izinyoni kuphela. Yashintsha futhi yashintsha ngokwanele ukuthi yayikwazi ukuthelela abantu futhi isakaze ngokushesha kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu.
Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza alingakaze luthathele inani labantu ngaphambili, likwazi ukuthelela inani elikhulu labantu ngokushesha kakhulu.
Enye ikhwalithi eyingqayizivele yalesi sifo semfucuza kwaba amandla akhe okudlulela hhayi kuphela ezinyoni kuya kubantu kepha kubantu abaya ezikhungweni. Ngemuva kokutheleleka izingulube, sekuye kwaqhubeka ukuguquka futhi bekulokhu igciwane "umzali" wegciwane lomkhuhlane esiye sabona kusukela ngo-1918.
Iqala kanjani
I-virus ye-H1N1 eyabangela ubhubhane ngo-1918 lwaqala njengegciwane lesandulela ngculaza . Njengoba amagciwane e-influenza enza, aguqule futhi athuthukisa ikhono lokuthelela abantu futhi asakaze phakathi kwabantu kalula futhi ngokushesha. Asisazi kahle ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeke noma ukuthi kwenzekani lokhu (noma ukuthi kuqhubeka kanjani kwenzeke), siyazi ukuthi kwenzeke.
Okuthintekayo
Umkhuhlane we-1918 wathinta amashumi ezigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangaba ngu-40% emhlabeni wonke banesandulela ngculazi futhi kwafa abantu abaphakathi kuka-20 no-50 million.
Umkhuhlane we-1918 wawubucayi kakhulu ngoba wawuthinta abantu abasha, abanempilo njengoba nje kwenza labo abasezikhungweni eziphezulu ezibeka ingozi . Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-20 no-50 bangagula futhi bafa kusukela emkhuhlane we-1918 kunanoma yiliphi elinye iqembu. Ngokuvamile, umkhuhlane uyingozi kakhulu ezinganeni, abadala asebekhulile nabantu abanezinkinga zempilo ezingapheli, hhayi abadala abadala.
1918 Izimpawu zoMkhuhlane Wegazi
Izimpawu zomkhuhlane we-1918 zazingekho ngokuphelele kunezimpawu zesifo somkhuhlane wonyaka. Okuphawulekayo ngalolu hlobo lwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kwakungakanani okwenza abantu bagule ngokushesha. Kubikwa ukuthi abantu abaningi abavuka bengenazo izimpawu zomkhuhlane bagula ekuseni futhi bafa ebusuku. Esikhundleni sezinsuku eziyisihlanu kuya kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa zezimpawu zomkhuhlane esizikulindele namuhla, lo mhlupho washaya ngokushesha.
Esinye isizathu esiyinhloko sokufa phakathi naleso sifo kwaba ukutheleleka kokubili kwamagciwane . Uma umuntu engafi ngesifo sangempela somkhuhlane ezinsukwini zokuqala ezimbalwa zokugula, eziningi zaphela ngezifo zebhaktheriya - njenge- pneumonia - ekugcineni zabulala izimpilo zabo.
The Three Waves
Kwakukhona "amagagasi" amakhulu amathathu okugula ngesikhathi sofuba lomkhuhlane we-1918. Umvuthwandaba wokuqala waqala entwasahlobo nasehlobo ngo-1918 ngezimo eziphawulekayo, kodwa ezincane kakhulu zomkhuhlane. Imibiko yokuqala ivela eKansas ilandelwe imibiko yamanye amasosha enempilo eYurophu ehla ngesifo. Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha kubantu abahlala eYurophu nasemhlabeni jikelele.
Ekuwa kuka-1918, ukuqhuma kwesibili kwesibhubesi kwaqala.
Lokhu kwaletha ukunye ukuhlaselwa kokugula, ukubulala abantu abaningi kunezingqikithi zokuqala. Umswakama wesithathu nowokugcina kwenzeka entwasahlobo ka-1919. Kucatshangwa ukuthi abantu abangama-675,000 e-United States (ngalesosikhathi abantu ngaleso sikhathi babeyizigidi ezingu-105) balahlekelwa ukuphila kwabo eSibhedlela saseFrance.
Lokho Esikufundayo Kusukela Ngo-1918 Ukukhubazeka Kwemfucuza
Zonke izifo eziwumkhuhlane omkhulu emhlabeni oye wahlangabezana nazo kusukela ngo-1918 zixhunywe kulolu. Amagciwane aguqule ngesimo esisodwa noma enye yegciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Ngenxa yokuthi ihlukumezekile futhi yabulala abantu abaningi emhlabeni, zonke ezinye izifo ziqhathaniswa nalokhu futhi indlela esisabela ngayo lapho kusongelwa khona isifo esisekelwe ekuguleni kwegciwane lokubulala njengaleli.
Imithombo:
"Isizukulwane: I-Virus Influenza ngo-1918 Namuhla" Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokungezwani Komzimba Nezifo Eziphefumulayo 29 Jun 09. Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zempilo. 31 Jan 12.
"I-Pandemic enkulu" IHhovisi loMlando WezeMpilo Wezempilo Yomphakathi. UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu. 15 Feb 12.