Ukubambisana Kungasiza Ukugcina Umshado Wenu Uqine
Ingabe i-autism emndenini ingabangela ngempela isehlukaniso? Ucwaningo oluthile luye lwabheka ngalolu daba futhi, ngokungahloniphi, yilowo nalowo wakhuphuka ngokuphambene ngqo nokuthola.
Lokho abacwaningi abakwaziyo, noma kunjalo, ukuthi i-autism iyinkimbinkimbi yokucindezeleka yokucindezeleka yabanakekeli. I-Autism ingaholela ekushintsheni okungavamile futhi okunzima ukuphatha, ukungavumelani, nokukhungatheka kwabazali.
Kweminye imibhangqwana, inqubo yokubhekana nokuxazululwa kwezimpikiswano iholela esibophweni esinamandla. Kwabanye, ukucindezeleka kungabangela umshado ukuba uqhekeke futhi uquke.
Yiziphi izimbangela ezibangela ukucindezeleka okungavamile? Ungaba kanjani omunye walabo abashadile abashisa ukucindezeleka futhi babe namandla ngenxa yalokho?
Uphendula Ngokungafani Nokukhathazeka Ngentuthuko Yengane Yakho
Ugogo nomkhulu wengane yakho, uthisha, noma umntanami utshela ukuthi babona okuthile "kuvaliwe" mayelana nengane yakho. Mhlawumbe abaphenduli uma bekhulunyelwa ... mhlawumbe umdlalo wabo uwedwa kakhulu ... mhlawumbe ukuthuthukiswa kwabo kolimi olukhulunywe kancane kancane. Uphendula kanjani?
Abanye imibhangqwana basabela ngezindlela eziphambene ngqo. Umzali oyedwa uyazivikela, noma ubeke umehluko wengxabano yengane ibe namandla-isibonelo: "Yebo ayikuphenduli uma ushaya ucingo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, omunye umzali uyakhathazeka, ebuka zonke izimo ezingavamile noma ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa .
Ingxoxo ihamba into enjengale:
Umzali A: Umama wayeqinisile. UJohnny akaphenduli lapho ngibiza igama lakhe, kodwa kubonakala sengathi uzwa kahle ... Ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele ngimyise kudokotela.
Umzali B: UJohnny uhle. Ungumama wakho ozwela kakhulu.
Umzali A: Ngicabanga ukuthi umama wayenephuzu; Ngiye ngaphawula ukuthi kubonakala sengathi akaphikisana nomphakathi.
Umzali B: Ungathanda yini ukuyeka ukukhathazeka bese ulala!
Uma umkhulu ngempela eqinisile, lezi zinhlobo zezingxoxo zizoqhubeka. Kungenzeka ukuthi babe nokufutheka okude futhi ngaphezulu.
Ngesinye isikhathi, uMzali A uzothatha ingane ukuba ihlolwe . Ngaleso sikhathi, ukungavumelani kungabi sína. Umzali B angalahla imiphumela yokuhlola, noma abone njengabalulekile. Omunye umzali angase azizwe ephikisana ngenkathi omunye ezwa sengathi uyanakwa noma wenqatshelwe.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lolu hlobo lokungavumelani lungabangela ukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu njengoba kuphakama imibuzo mayelana nokungaqedi noma ukusebenzisa imali emithonjeni yokwelashwa, amakamu akhethekile noma izinhlelo ezisekelwayo. Kungaba yinkinga uma abazali beveza ukungezwani kwabo phambi kwezinye izingane noma amalungu omndeni.
Udokotela oqeqeshiwe, onolwazi uyohlola kuphela ingane ene-autism uma leyo ngane ibambezeleka kakhulu nezinselele ezithinta ikhono lomntwana lokusebenza. Isihluthulelo, kuleso simo, ku-Parent A ukucacisa ngomzali B ukuthi kungani ukuxilongwa kuyasiza. Abazali bangase badinge ukuthola indawo evamile: indlela yokugubha okuhlukile kwengane yabo ngenkathi eqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yabo ithola usizo oludingekayo ukusebenza kahle ekhaya, esikoleni nasemphakathini.
Uyasabela Ngokungafani Nezingqinamba Ze-Autism
Izingane ezine-autism zihlukile.
Kwabazali abathile, lezo zohluko zimelela inselela yokuhlangana noma ithuba lokukhula nokufunda. Kwabanye abazali, lokho kungezwani kunzima kakhulu futhi kuyadabukisa. Kulula ukuqonda noma umbono, njengabantwana be-autistic:
- ngeke basebenzise ulimi olukhulunywe.
- bangenza umsindo omkhulu-noma bangase bathule ngokuphelele.
- kungase kube nobudlova noma kube nokuziphatha okuphazamisayo noma okuyizinengiso.
Kudinga amandla nokucabangela ukuthola indlela yokuzibandakanya nengane ye-autistic, futhi inqubo ingase idonsa. Kwabanye abantu, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba uzizwe uphumelele nge-autistic ingane.
Mhlawumbe kunzima kakhulu kubantu abadala abaningi, ukuba ngumzali wengane ye-autistic kusho ukuthi ungaphandle kweqembu lomzali.
Ingane yakho ayinakwenzeka ukuba yingxenye yethimba lezemidlalo noma ibhande. Izinsuku zokudlala zingumsebenzi onzima. Izimemo zeqembu zisho cishe azikho. Ukuba umzali we-autism kungenza uzizwe ukhululekile, ucasuliwe noma uhlazekile.
Kuzama umzali osebenza kahle nengane ye-autistic ukuthatha yonke imithwalo yemfanelo. Phela, abakunaki ukukwenza-kanti omunye umzali angase azizwe ekhululekile. Akukho ukukhathala. Inkinga ngale ndlela iwukuthi abazali okufanele babe iqembu baqale ukuphila okuhlukene. Ngesinye isikhathi, abanalo okufanayo.
Kubalulekile, ngisho nangabe umzali oyedwa ethatha umthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu we-autism, omunye umzali ukuchitha isikhathi nomntanakhe. Kungase kube ukuphazamisa noma nokwesabisa ekuqaleni, kodwa kukhona okuningi okumele kutholakale. Umzali ngeke afunde kuphela ngomntanakhe nangezidingo zakhe, kepha angase athole amandla angalindelekile okubopha. Futhi noma ngabe "isenzo" kuphela, ukuthatha isikhathi sokuba ingane ye-autistic ingasho umhlaba kumlingani womuntu.
Uyaphendula Ngokungafani Nokungaqiniseki Nge-Autism Eseduze
Uma ngabe ingane yakho isifo sokuxilongwa ngokuqondile kwezokwelapha kungaba lula ukuvumelanisa ekutholeni nasekulandeleni iseluleko esingcono kakhulu sezokwelapha. Kodwa akukho lutho oluqondile mayelana ne-autism. Nazi izindlela ezimbalwa lapho i-autism ibonakala ihlelwe ngokuqondile ukuze ikhungathekise futhi ididekise abazali:
- I-autism spectrum imane nje impawu zezimpawu ukuthi, ngawo-1980, zandiswa ukuze kufakwe uhlu olubanzi lwabakhubazekile. I-Asperger syndrome ayengezwanga emtholampilo wokuhlonza kuze kube ngo-1994-futhi yanyamalala futhi ngo-2013. Ingabe i- "autism spectrum" ngisho nokuxilongwa kwangempela? Ngokuqinisekile kukhona indawo yokungavumelani!
- Akekho, kuhlanganise nodokotela wakho, onganikeza ukubikezela okunembile kwengane yakho. Uzokwazi ukuthini uma ekhula? Yini eyoyidinga uma ekhulile? Akekho owaziyo-hhayi wena, hhayi umlingani wakho, futhi ngokuqinisekile akuyona imindeni yakho.
- Akekho, kuhlanganise uthisha wengane yakho noma uchwepheshe, angakutshela ukuthi ukwelashwa okungakanani (noma okuningi) kumntanakho. Okubi nakakhulu, kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwelashwa eziyingozi kanye / noma ezingenakuvimbela-kanti ezinye zingase zibe usizo kumntanakho. Ungazama ukwelashwa okulodwa noma ama-50, futhi ungathola imiphumela embi noma embi.
- Akekho okwazi ukunquma ngokunembile ukuthi ingane yakho izokwenza kangcono esimweni esilandelayo esikoleni noma esikoleni esithile esithile se-autism noma inhlanganisela yazo kokubili . Ochwepheshe bezemfundo bangase babe nemibono, kodwa leyo mibono ngokuvamile ayilungile. Indlela kuphela yokuthola ukuhlola ingane yakho futhi ubuke ukuze ubone ukuthi kwenzekani.
Konke lokhu kungaqiniseki kufanele kuholele ekuhlukeni phakathi kwabazali. Ngenkathi umzali oyedwa efuna ukunamathela ezinyathelo zokuzimela, omunye unesithakazelo ekuhloleni izinketho ezintsha. Ngenkathi umzali oyedwa efuna ukuba ingane yakhe ihlanganiswe neontanga ezivamile, omunye ukhathazeka ngokuhlukunyezwa futhi ufuna ukuhlelwa okukhethekile.
Impendulo yokungaqiniseki ngokuvamile iwumphumela wobuntu nesipiliyoni. Omunye umzali, isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi wayephila ngokuhlukunyezwa kanti omunye wayenenkinga enkulu yesikole. Omunye umzali angase ajabulele inqubo yokufunda ngezinketho eziningi zokwelapha kanti omunye uzizwa ecindezelekile. Izinqumo mayelana nezikole noma ukuhlela abantu abadala ziyizimo zengqondo, njengoba zibaluleke kakhulu kulo lonke umndeni-ngakho ukungafani okuhambisana nalezi zindaba kungaholela emiphumeleni ebucayi.
Ukuncintisana kungabaluleka kulesi simo. Ngokuqinisekile cishe kunjalo ukuthi umzali akafuni ukulimaza ingane yakhe engozini-futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zezokwelapha "eziphilayo" ziphelelwe yimingcele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bobabili abazali bangavuma ukuthi izinketho zamahhala, eziphezulu (njengesikole sikahulumeni kanye nemithi yocansi). Uma lezi zikhetho zingasebenzi, izinketho ezengeziwe zikhona njalo.
Umzali Omunye Uba I-Autism Specialist Ngenkathi Okunye Kugwema Isihloko
Uma umzali oyedwa-ngokuvamile umama-engumnakekeli oyinhloko, lowo mzali uvame ukuqala njengomuntu ofunda nge-autism kuqala. Nguye okhuluma nothisha mayelana "nezindaba" ezinganeni zasenkulisa. Nguye ohlangabezana nabahlengikazi bezentuthuko, wenza uhlolo lokumiswa, uhambela izilinganiso, futhi uzwa ngemiphumela.
Ngenxa yokuthi omama ngokuvamile bahilelekile kakhulu, bavame ukuba abacwaningi abathandekayo kanye nabameli abagxile. Bafunda ngomthetho okhethekile wezemfundo, izinketho zokwelapha , umshuwalense wezempilo , amaqembu okusekela , izinhlelo ezidinga izidingo ezikhethekile , amakamu akhethekile kanye nokukhethwa kwamakilasi.
Ngakho-ke omama babe yizilaleli ezihlosiwe zokukhangisa ezihlobene ne-autism, izinkomfa, imikhiqizo, izinhlelo, namaqembu. Abomama yibo abahamba phambili nabashayeli bezimali zezimali, futhi ngokuvamile bahlala emamenenini futhi bengenayo inzuzo, bawaxosha ukuba banikeze imikhiqizo emihle, imicimbi, nezinhlelo. Lapho izenzakalo nezinhlelo zenzeka, ngokuvamile omama kufanele bathathe izingane zabo.
Konke lokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu kobaba (noma abalingani abangewona abazinakekeli abayinhloko) ukuba bangene futhi bathathe umthwalo ofanayo wezingane zabo ze-autistic. Akukhona kuphela ukuthi umnakekeli oyinhloko uthathe umthwalo kanye negunya, kepha okuncane okunikezwayo kuyabungane kubazali noma abanakekeli abangabalulekile njengoba kufanele. Umphumela wukuthi umnakekeli ongeyena oyinhloko uphefumulela ukuba ngumuntu ongaphandle kwe-autism. Angase athathe imithwalo yemfanelo yokukhulisa izingane zakubo noma imisebenzi yasendlini, ngenkathi ehlala engazi ukuthi yini umlingani wakhe kanye nezingane ezizimele.
Isixazululo esicacile sale nkinga ukuwuphahlaza. Njengoba kungenzeka, abanakekeli kufanele babelane ngokubili kokuzibophezela kanye negunya. Kunokuba bahlukane futhi banqobe, imibhangqwana kufanele isebenze kanzima ukwabelana nokusebenzisana.
Ucabanga Ngokungafani Nesikhathi Esiningi, Imali Namandla Kufanele Kugxilwe ku-Autism
Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu-ngoba umbono wakho ngalolu daba uzothinta cishe zonke izinqumo ozenzile njengombhangqwana. Uma ungavumelani ezingeni eliyisisekelo, ungathola, empeleni, ukuthi awukho abalingani bokuphila abahambisanayo. Nasi isizathu:
Isikhathi siyigugu. Akudingi ukucabanga ukuthi ukubona i-autism ingagcwalisa kanjani isikhathi sokubeletha komzali. Qala ngesikhathi sokuthi kube khona imihlangano ye-IEP (imfundo ekhethekile) nokuphatha othisha nabahlinzeki esikoleni. Engeza isikhathi esidingekayo sokuhlela, ukufika, nokuya kudokotela nokuvakashela odokotela. Lezi azikhetheli, futhi akusilo ihlaya elinga ukuthola i-autism-friendly friendly dentist endaweni yangakini.
Manje cabanga ngalokho okungenzeka uma omunye umzali ethatha isinqumo sokuvula ucwaningo lwe-autism enkampanini yesikhathi esigcwele. Hamba emaqenjini okusekela i-autism, ikomidi lesidingo esikhethekile esikoleni, izingqungquthela ze-autism nemigomo, izinkulumo ezihlobene ne-autism-kanye nama-fundraisers, nezinhlelo zezemidlalo ezikhethekile, amavidiyo, izincwadi ... Kulula ukubona ukuthi i-autism ingasheshe isidle kanjani isikhathi esitholakalayo.
Kodwa umshado omuhle noma ubambiswano uthatha isikhathi nesikhathi sokuzinikela. Ngakho yenza ubuhlobo nabanye abantwana. Uma umlingani oyedwa ethi (futhi kusho) ukuthi abanaso isikhathi sokufaka kumlingani wabo noma ezinye izingane, ubuhlobo bungase bunenkinga.
Imali ingaba iphuzu elincane. Imali ayilokothi ingabaluleki. Futhi uma kuziwa ku-autism, akukho umkhawulo wokuthi kungakanani imali abazali abangayisebenzisa. Kungenxa yokuthi ayikho ikhambi elaziwa le-autism, futhi (ezimweni eziningi) akukho ndlela yokwazi ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa, uhlelo, noma ukubekwa kwezemfundo kungase kube usizo. Ngakho-ke, akuyona into engavamile ukuba abazali bangavumelani nokuthi kufanele bachithe okungakanani, kungakanani, isikhathi esingakanani, ukuthi yiziphi izindleko zokuphepha komndeni noma ukuvikeleka esikhathini esizayo.
Ingabe kufanele ngiyeke umsebenzi wami ukuze ngiphathe imithi ye- autism ? Ingabe kufanele sithengise indlu ukuze sikhokhele esikoleni esithile sangasese se-autism? Sisebenzise imali yethu yokuthatha umhlalaphansi emithwalweni entsha? Sebenzisa isikhwama semfundo ekolishi lomunye wengane ukukhokhela ikamu yokwelapha ? Ayikho indlela bobabili abasebenzisa imali futhi bangasebenzisi imali ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Amandla asezingeni eliphezulu. Abazali abaningi bathola i-autism eqeda amandla. Ngomsebenzi odinga ukukhuphula izingane zabo futhi bagqoke ekucindezelekeni kokuphatha esikoleni somntanakho, ukwelashwa, odokotela, nezinhlelo ezikhethekile, akukho lutho olusele ekupheleni kosuku. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukubambisana nemishado kungasusa.
Okubalulekile
Nakuba kulula ukunganaki noma ukuphikisana ukungezwani njengoba bekhula, ukungezwani okunjalo kungabangela izinselele ezinkulu kumshado noma ukubambisana. Isihluthulelo sokugwema izinselelo ezinjalo ukuxhumana kanye-okungenani ezingeni elilodwa-ukubambisana.
> Imithombo:
> Hartley, S. et al. Ingozi ehambisanayo kanye nesikhathi sokuhlukanisa emindenini yabantwana abane-autism spectrum disorder. J Fam Psychol. 2010 Aug; 24 (4): 449-457.
> Isikhungo seKennedy Krieger. Izinga lokuhlukanisa i-autism lama-80% lihlelwe ekutadisheni kwesayensi kokuqala. I-Kennedy Krieger Institute. Iwebhu, 2014.
> University of Wisconsin, Madison. UW-Madison ucwaninga imininingwane ye-autism eyingozi kakhulu emishadweni. School of Wisconsin School of Medicine kanye Nempilo Yomphakathi. Iwebhu. 2015.