Kokubili ukuguqulwa kwe-antigenic nokushintsha kwe-antigenic kuyimigomo esetshenziselwa ukuchaza izindlela lapho igciwane lesifo soguquko liguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukushayela kuyishintsho encane ngenkathi ukushintsha kuyinto enkulu.
I-Antigenic Drift
Ukukhukhulwa kwe-antigenic yigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza enye yezindlela amagciwane omkhuhlane (umkhuhlane) aguquka futhi aguqule. Ichaza ushintsho oluncane kumgciwane wesifo sofuba .
Uma igciwane lesifo somkhuhlane liguquka noma lishintsha kancane, libukeka lihlukile kumzimba wethu wokuzivikela omzimba.
Ngakho-ke ama-antibodies omzimba wakho adalwe ngonyaka odlule ngokuphendula igciwane lesifo sogciwane noma umgomo wokugoma awukatholi igciwane "elisha". Yingakho singagula ngomkhuhlane ngaphezulu kwesisodwa. Ukuzivikela komzimba esikuyo kugciwane lesifo sofuba esasenza sigule ngonyaka odlule (noma eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule, njll) ngokuyisisekelo kungenalutho futhi kungavumeli ukuthi igciwane eliguqule kancane futhi manje libukeka sengathi lihlukile.
Lokhu kunqamuka kwe-antigenic yisidingo esiyidinga imishanguzo emisha yempukane njalo ngonyaka kanye nesizathu sokuthi singagula ngezifo kaningi emiphilweni yethu.
Zombili amagciwane e-influenza A ne-B awela ukuqhuma kwe-antigenic.
I-Antigenic Shift
Ukuguqulwa kwe-Antigenic kuyishintsha enkulu emgodini wegciwane. Lokhu kuguquka kwenzeka ngokuvamile lapho igciwane lesifo somuntu liwela ngegciwane lesifo sofuba esivame ukuthinta izilwane (njengezinyoni noma izingulube).
Lapho ama-virus eguquguqukayo, ashintshela ukwakha i-subtype entsha ehlukile kunoma yini ebonwa kubantu ngaphambilini.
Lokhu kungenzeka ngezindlela ezintathu:
- Igciwane lesandulela ngculazi lihlasela isilwane njengengulube. Ingulube efanayo nayo igciwane lesandulela ngculaza isuka kwesinye isilwane njengedada. Amagciwane amabili omkhuhlane angaxuba futhi aguqule, adala uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele lwegciwane lesifo sofuba olungasakazeka kubantu.
- Uhlobo lomkhuhlane wezinyoni luya kubantu ngaphandle kokushintsha uhlobo lofuzo.
- Uhlobo lomkhuhlane wezinyoni ludlulela kolunye uhlobo lwesilwane (njengengulube) bese ludluliselwa kubantu ngaphandle kokushintsha isakhi.
Lapho ukushintsha okukhulu kwe-antigenic okunjengale kwenzeka, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abanalo uhlobo lokuzivikela olusha, noma "inkaba", igciwane lesifo.
Lapho kutholakala izifo eziwumkhuhlane emlandweni owakamuva wamuva, kuye kwaba ngenxa yokushintsha kwe-antigenic kulesigciwane. Ngenhlanhla, lezi zinguquko zenzeka kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile, ngenxa yokuthi kunezifo ezine ezinezifo eziwumkhuhlane weqiniso ekhulwini elidlule .
Le shift enkulu antigenic kuphela kwenzeka kumkhuhlane A amagciwane.
Lezi zinhlayiya ze-antigenic zenza kube nzima ukuthuthukisa imishanguzo yemfuluwenza kanye nemithi ezoyiphatha. Abacwaningi bathemba ukuthi bazokwazi ukuthuthukisa umuthi wokugoma ozobhekana nengxenye yegciwane elingathinteki ngalezi zinguquko, okuholele ku " Umgomo Wokukhuphuka Kwezikhukhula Zomhlaba Wonke " okuzodingeka kuphela ngezikhathi zonke kunokuba unyaka ngamunye.
Kuze kufike lolo suku, kuzodingeka siqhubeke sithola ukushaywa komkhuhlane wonyaka futhi sithathe izinyathelo zansuku zonke ukuze sizivikele emkhuhlane.
Imithombo:
Indlela i-Virus ye-Flu Can Change: "Shift" kanye ne-"Drift" Isifo Sokukhulelwa Kwesizini (Flu) 8 Feb 11. Izikhungo ze-US zokuLawula nokuvimbela izifo. UMnyango wezeMpilo kanye nezinsizakalo zabasebenzi. 14 Okthoba 13.
Umkhuhlane we-Antigenic Drift 14 Jan 11. Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokungabi Nesifo Sokugula Nezifo Eziphefumulayo. Izikhungo zezempilo zikazwelonke. UMnyango wezeMpilo kanye nezinsizakalo zabasebenzi. 14 Okthoba 13.
I-Antigenic Shift Flu (Umkhuhlane) 14 Jan 11. Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokunciphisa Umzimba Nezifo Eziphefumulayo. Izikhungo zezempilo zikazwelonke. UMnyango wezeMpilo kanye nezinsizakalo zabasebenzi. 14 Okthoba 13.