I-ABCs ye-Virus Flu
Nakuba kungukugula okuvame kakhulu, kukhona ukudideka okuningi mayelana nalokho umkhuhlane nalokho okungenjalo. Uyazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemfuluwenza? Ngisho nalapho kuziwa emkhunjini wonyaka, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene - ezimbili zazo ezibangela ukugula okukhulu kubantu. Funda ngazo zonke izinhlobo zofuzo, ukuthi zihlukaniswa kanjani nokuthi zisho ukuthini kuwe.
Umkhuhlane wonyaka
Umkhuhlane wonyaka uhlobo lomkhuhlane ovame ukubangela ukugula ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje konyaka. Isikhathi semfucuza sihlukile kuye ngokuthi ukhona emhlabeni. E-United States, ngokuvamile iwela phakathi kuka-Okthoba no-Ephreli. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemishanguzo yesifo sofuba esibangela umkhuhlane wonyaka: A, B, noC.
Umkhuhlane A
Thayipha umkhuhlane we- A ngokuvamile obangela iningi lamacala omkhuhlane wonyaka. Itholakala kubantu nasezilwaneni. I-Influenza A isakazwa kusuka kubantu ngabanye abantu asebevele benesifo. Ukuthinta izinto umuntu osulelekile usithinte (izintambo zokugqoka, izibhebhe, amafoni) noma ngisho nokuba egumbini elifanayo nomuntu, ikakhulukazi uma bekhwehlela noma bexosha, kwanele ukuba utheleleke. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-influenza A ezihlukaniswa zibe yi-subtypes - H no-N - ngisho nangaphezulu ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene.
Ama-subtypes we-H & N
I-N ne-N subtypes ye-influenza A isekelwe kuma-proteine athile axhumene negciwane.
Kunezinhlobo ezingu-16 ezahlukene ze-hemagglutinin (H) amaprotheni nezinhlobo ezingu-9 ezihlukene ze-neuraminidase (N) amaprotheni. Yile ndlela amagama afana ne- "H1N1" noma "H3N2" atholakele.
Kodwa-ke, umkhuhlane weH1N1 wabhubhane uhlukile ngoba wadalwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwabantu, izingulube, nezinyoni ze-bird flu.
Yize kuyi-HIV ngempela i-virus A, iguquguquke ngakho-ke ayifani nanjengomkhuhlane A obangela ukukhulelwa kwonyaka.
Umkhuhlane B
Thayipha umkhuhlane we-B enye uhlobo lomkhuhlane odala ukugula kwonyaka. Itholakala kuphela kubantu. Umkhuhlane we-B unamandla okuba yingozi kakhulu, kepha ngokuvamile unzima kakhulu kune-influenza A. Akubangeli imbangela yezifo. Umkhuhlane B uvame kakhulu kunomkhuhlane A, kodwa usengaba yingozi. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-influenza B, kodwa azihambanga kahle.
Umkhuhlane C
Uhlobo lwe-C, oluthinta abantu kuphela, lukhulu kakhulu kunama-A no-B. Ngokuvamile lubangela izifo ezincane zokuphefumula futhi aziwa ukuthi zibangele noma yiziphi izifo eziwumkhuhlane wamagciwane. Iningi labantu abanomthelela wegciwane lesifo sofuba C bazokwazi ukuthi banezinkinga ezithile zegciwane lesifo sofuba ngoba izimpawu zifana nezomkhuhlane.
Umkhuhlane Wegazi
Noma yiliphi igciwane lesifo somkhuhlane linamandla okuba yisifo sofuba , lapho kuqubuke khona ukugula kwabantu emhlabeni jikelele ngesikhathi esifushane. Esikhathini esedlule, ezinye izifo eziwumkhuhlane zibangele ukugula kakhulu futhi zabulala izigidi zabantu, njenge- 1918 isifo sengculaza . Ezinye azibi kakhulu.
H1N1 - I-Swine Flu
Entwasahlobo ka-2009 , kwatholakala igciwane lesifo sengculaza entsha eMexico: H1N1, noma umkhuhlane wezingulube .
Landa ngokushesha eNyakatho Melika, e-United States nasemhlabeni jikelele. I-H1N1 iyinhlanganisela yomuntu, ingulube ne-bird flu. Yaba ngumkhuhlane wokuqala owawumhlaba emhlabeni eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-40.
I-H5N1 - I-Bird Flu
I-H5N1 yisifo somkhuhlane obizwa ngokuthi inyoni noma umkhuhlane wezilwane. Ngokuvamile liyadluliselwa phakathi kwezinyoni, kodwa ingadluliselwa kusuka enyoni kuya kubantu. Akusakazeki kusuka kumuntu kuya komuntu. Uma ihlasela abantu, inhlanzi yezinyoni ihlotshaniswa nokugula okubi kakhulu, ukwehluleka kwamalungu amaningi, kanye namazinga aphezulu okufa. Eqinisweni, inyoni yenyoni iye yabulala abangaphezu kwesigamu sabantu abathintekayo.
Yize ingozi yakho yokuthola inyoni yesifo sezinyoni iphansi kakhulu, kukhona ukwesaba okukhulu okuzungezile i-H5N1. Uma lolu hlobo luguquguquka futhi luba igciwane olusakazeka kalula kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu, kungabangela isifo segciwane esibi kakhulu.
Okushiwo yi-Flu
Nakuba abantu abaningi bathi banomkhuhlane uma benempawu ezifana nokuhlanza nokuhuda, lezi zivame ukubangelwa yi-gastroenteritis. Ngokuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isisu somkhuhlane", i-gastroenteritis ayibangelwa umkhuhlane futhi ayihlobene nomkhuhlane nhlobo. Umkhuhlane isifo sephefumula. Nakuba kungabangela ukuhlanza nokuhuda kwabanye abantu, lezi zimpawu zivame kakhulu ezinganeni.
Imithombo:
"Izinhlobo Ze-Influenza Virus." Umkhuhlane wonyaka we-26 Aug 09. Izikhungo zokuLawula nokuvimbela izifo. 28 Mashi 10.