Izithunywa zeMolocular
Ama-Cytokines asebenza njengezithunywa zamangqamuzana phakathi kwamaseli. Ama-cytokines ama-proteine akhiqizwa ngamaseli. Mayelana ne-arthritis, ama-cytokines alawula izimpendulo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuvukala . Ama-Cytokines asebenzisana namaseli omzimba omzimba ukuze aqondise impendulo yomzimba ezifweni nokutheleleka, kanye nokuxhumanisa izinqubo ezivamile zeselula emzimbeni.
Izinhlobo ze-Cytokines
Ama-Cytokines ahlukene, okusho ukuthi awafani ngokufanayo. Ama-Cytokines asebenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene emzimbeni:
- izici ezishukumisayo ze-koloni (kushukumisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi)
- ukukhula nokuhlukanisa izici (ukusebenza ngokuyinhloko ekuthuthukiseni, ukugcinwa kwezicubu nokulungisa)
- ama-cytokines angasetshenziswa ngamagciwane kanye nezifo (isibonelo, ama-interferon, ama-interleukin, ne-TNF-alpha esebenza ohlelweni lwezivikelo somzimba)
Ngenkathi "ama-cytokines" yisikhathi sesambulela esihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo, kunamagama akhethekile anikeziwe kuma-cytokines ngokususelwa kuhlobo lweseli olwenza noma isenzo abanalo emzimbeni:
- i-lymphokines (eyenziwe i-lymphocytes)
- ama-monokines (eyenziwe yi-monocytes)
- amakhemikhali (ahlotshaniswa nezenzo ze-chemotactic)
- i-interleukins (eyenziwa yi-leukocyte eyodwa kodwa yenza kwezinye i-leukocyte)
Indlela ama-Cytokines asebenza ngayo
Amasosha omzimba ayinkimbinkimbi - izinhlobo ezahlukene zamasosha omzimba namaprotheni enza imisebenzi ehlukile. Ama-Cytokines aphakathi kwalawo maprotheni.
Ukuchaza ukuthi ama-cytokines asebenza kanjani kunzima. Kuyinto isifundo ku-physiology cell. Kodwa, ukuqonda ukuvuvukala, kufanele uqonde indima ama-cytokines adlala ngawo.
Ama-Cytokines akhululwa ngamaseli angena ekusakazweni noma ngokuqondile emathangeni. Ama-cytokines athola amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba futhi axhumane nama-receptors kumaseli okuvikela omzimba ngokuzibophezela.
Ukubambisana kubangela noma kuvuselela izimpendulo eziqondile ngamaseli ahlosiwe.
Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwama-Cytokines
Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile noma ukukhiqizwa okungalungile kwama-cytokines athile ngomzimba kungabangela izifo. Ngokwesibonelo, kutholakale ukuthi i-interleukin-1 (i-IL-1) ne- tumor necrosis factor-alpha (i-TNF-alpha) ikhiqizwa ngokweqile ku- arthritis ye-rheumatoid lapho ihileleka ekuvuvukala nasekubhujisweni kwezicubu.
Izidakamizwa ze-Biologic Ziyi-Cytokine Inhibitors
Izidakamizwa ze-biologic zenzelwe ukuvimbela IL-1 noma i-TNF-alpha. I-Kineret (anakinra) yasungulwa njengendlela yokwelapha isifo samathambo futhi isebenza ngokuvimbela ukubopha kwe-IL-1 kumamukeli wayo. I-TNF-alpha inhibitors (ebizwa nangokuthi i- TNF blockers ) ibopha i-TNF iphinde ivimbele i-TNF ukuthi ingahlanganiswa ne-cell surface receptors. Inbrel (etanercept), Remicade (infliximab), i- Humira (adalimumab), i-Simponi (golimumab), ne- Cimzia (certolizumab pegol) yi-block block ye-TNF. I-Actemra (tocilizumab) ibopha i-IL-6.
Izidakamizwa eziningi ze-biologic zisekuthuthukisweni. Ukutadisha kubangelwa isifundo seSigaba 3 sarilumab (okuthiwa i-SARIL-RA-TARGET), esiyi-antibody yomuntu ngokumelene ne-IL-6 receptor, sibonisa ukuthi lesi sidakamizwa sihlangene kokubili iziphetho eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kwezibonakaliso nezimpawu zesifo samathambo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenyama umsebenzi.
I-Sarilumab ibopha ngokubambisana kakhulu ne-IL-6 receptor, ivimbela ukubopha kwe-IL-6 futhi iphazamise ukusayina kokuvuvukala kwe-cytokine-mediated. Kodwa-ke, ngo-Okthoba 31, 2016, i-FDA inqatshelwe i-sarilumab ngokususelwa ekuphutheni abayithole ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza. Uma kwenziwa ukulungiswa, i-Regeneron neSanofi ihlose ukuphinde ithumele ngokuvunywa ngo-2017. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngoFebhuwari 1, 2017, i-Health Canada yavuma isidakamizwa ngaphansi kwegama, uKezara (sarilumab).
Izwi elivela
Nakuba ama-cytokines abonakala njengento eyinkimbinkimbi, kubalulekile ukuqonda inqubo yokuvuvukala engumgogodla wezinhlobo zokuphefumula kwamathambo.
Siyazi ukuthi kukhona kokubili ama-cytokines ase-proinflammatory kanye nama-cytokines aphikisayo. I-cytokines ephazamisayo idlala indima ekuthuthukiseni ubuhlungu obuvuvukalayo kanye nobuhlungu be-neuropathic. I-cytokines elwa nokuvuvukala empeleni iyabhubhisa abaphikisi be-cytokine. Kunobufakazi bokuthi ama-chemokine ahilelekile ekuqaliseni ubuhlungu, kanye nasekuphikeleni ubuhlungu.
> Imithombo:
> Izinto zokukhula kanye nama-Cytokines. > Primer > kuma-Rheumatic Diseases. Edition 12. Ishicilelwe yi-Arthritis Foundation.
> I-Regeneron ne-Sanofi I-Current Results kusuka eSigaba Esiyinhloko Isifundo SakwaSarilumab eMhlanganweni Wonyaka We-American College of Rheumatology. Regeneron. Ngo-Novemba 8, 2015.
> McInnes I. no-Schett G. Cytokines ku-pathogenesis ye-arthritis ye-rheumatoid. Imvelo Immunology. Juni 2007
> Ama-Cytokines. BioBasics. 4/24/2006.
> Zhang, JM et al. Ama-Cytokines, Ukuvuvukala > no > Ubuhlungu. Imitholampilo yase-Anesthesiology International. Spring 2007.