Ukuphila nesifo sikashukela kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa
Izindaba ezesabekayo zivame ngokuphathelene nokubi kakhulu kwalokho abantu abanesifo sikashukela abangalindela: ukuxoshwa, ukuphuphuthekisa nezinye izinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa, ngenxa yentuthuko yokunakekelwa kwesifo sikashukela kule minyaka engama-40 eyedlule, lezi zindaba zingahlala nje - izindaba.
Kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu onesifo sikashukela namuhla aphile impilo egcwele futhi enempilo. Izinqubekela phambili zokwelapha ziye zenza ukulawula nokuphathwa kwalesi sifo kube lula, futhi sekuthathelwe okuningi ukuqagela.
Umlando Wokuthuthuka Osiza Iziguli Eziphethe Ukuphathwa Kweshukela
Ucwaningo lwesifo sikashukela luye lwaholela ekuthuthukiseni okukhulu okunjenge-insulin esebenza ngokushesha futhi esebenza isikhathi eside, ama-diabetes okhulumayo e-diabetes, ama- glucose wegazi ne- insulin amaphampu ukusiza iziguli ezine-diabetes.
Nasi isimiso sezinye zezici eziyinhloko emashumini amane eminyaka edlule:
- Ngo-1967, ukwelashwa kwama-laser for retinopathy kwakhiwe. Lokhu kwavuselela ukunakekelwa kwe- retinopathy - isifo sesifo sikashukela esenza ukuthi ubangele ngezinye izikhathi. I-laser ihlose ngokunembile izingxenye ezilimele ze-retina futhi iyasiza ukulawula ukucindezeleka, ngaleyo ndlela igcine umbono womuntu.
- Ngaphambi kuka-1969, kwakungekho indlela yokuba umuntu onesifo sikashukela ahlole izinga lakhe lokushukela egazini. Khona-ke i-Ames Company yalungisa imitha ye-Eyetone. Idivayisi yayilinganisa amapremu angu-3, ibiza u-$ 650 futhi ekuqaleni yayitholakala kuphela odokotela. Ngemva konyaka, iziguli zazikwazi ukuzithenga. Manje amamitha we-glucose wegazi ayabiza kakhulu, alula kakhulu ngesisindo futhi atholakala kalula.
- Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, ngo-1979, i-hemoglobin test A1C yasungulwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvumela odokotela neziguli ukuba balandele izinga lokushukela egazini, okwenza kube nokuqonda okucacile ukuthi ukwelashwa okusebenza kahle kangakanani.
- Futhi ngo-1979, kuqala i-insulin pump, kodwa kwakungenakwenzeka kubantu abaningi ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, okwakudinga ukuba iqhutshwe ngaphakathi kwesikhwama. Namuhla amapumpu amapulini anesilinganiso sobukhulu bamakhadi.
- Ngomnyaka we-1980 nango-1990, abanikazi bezakhi zofuzo babumba izinhlobo ezintsha ze-insulin ukuze bathathe indawo yengulube noma i-insulin yenkomo ebeyiphathe ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kuze kube yileso sikhathi. Lezi "insulin" zodwa zazibhekwa njengeziphakeme kunezinhlobo zangaphambili, ngoba zazikwazi ukulinganisa i-insulin yabantu.
- Kanti futhi ngawo-1980 nangama-1990, i-insulin ye-short-acting actif yasungulwa. Lezi zingase zijowe imizuzu engu-15 ngaphambi kokudla, zinike labo abasebenzisa inkululeko enkulu ekudleni isikhathi sabo.
- Ngama-1990, abantu abane-type 2 yesifo sikashukela bathola amandla ngokuvunywa kwe-metformin, isisetshenziswa esasetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuvimbela i-insulin. Lesi sidakamizwa sinezinzuzo ezengeziwe, ezifana nokushukela kwegazi kashukela, okungajwayelekile kakhulu, futhi lesi sidakamizwa sisiza ukuvimbela isifo senhliziyo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, lesi sidakamizwa singabangela isimo esibi, esongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi i-lactic acidosis.
- Ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, i-insulin entsha, esebenza isikhathi eside ibizwa nge- glargine . Le insulini inezinyathelo ezingamahora angu-24, kodwa ayikho izintaba kanye nezigodi, okwenza ukulawulwa ushukela okweqile kwegazi kunokwenzeka kwabanye.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokunakekelwa yisifo sikashukela kusuka ekulawulweni kwesifo sikashukela kanye nezinkinga
Mhlawumbe ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwesifo sikashukela kule minyaka engamashumi embalwa edlule kwakuyi-Trial Control and Complications Trial eyaqala ngo-1983 futhi yahlala iminyaka eyishumi.
Lesi yisikhathi sokuqala abacwaningi bakwazi ukuqinisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwamazinga e-ushukela wegazi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kuqaphela kuye kwakha isisekelo socwaningi lwamanje nolwazi oluqhubekayo olwenzelwe ukuthola izindlela zokusiza ukunciphisa inani labantu ababhekene nezinkinga ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela.
Labo abanesithakazelo ekufundeni okwengeziwe mayelana nentuthuko yesifo sikashukela bangalalela abantu abanesifo sikashukela batjela izindaba zabo kwiwebhsayithi yeSabetes Stories, iphrojekthi ye-Great Britain ye-Oxford Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology kanye neMetabolism.
Ithemba Elengeziwe Ngezindlela Ezizayo Zesifo Sikashukela
Ngo-2006, uhulumeni wase-US wasebenzisa u-$ 1.1 billion ukucwaninga ngesifo sikashukela.
Izinhlangano kanye nezisekelo ezifana ne-Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation kanye ne-American Diabetes Association nazo zibeka izimali kanye nezinsiza zokucwaninga. Umsebenti okwamanje usendleleni uthola isithembiso esihle sokuthola ezinye izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha zesifo.
Izindlela ezicacile abacwaningi abahlolayo zifaka okulandelayo:
- Ukuvimbela, ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokungenelela kokuqala
- Islet transplantation Islet
- I-Immunology ne-immunogenetics ukusiza ekukhonjisweni kwezinengozi kanye nokwelapha okusha
- Izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha ukuvimbela umonakalo wamasondo nomoya
- I-glucose eqhubekayo yamamitha ukunciphisa isidingo samaningi amaningi amancane ukuze ahlolwe amazinga kashukela egazini
- Amamitha we-glucose angeneka kanye namapompo angeneke
Gcina usesikhathini ucwaningo ngokuvakashela iwebhusayithi ye-American Diabetes Association, enikeza izifinyezo zocwaningo lwamanje ngesifo sikashukela kanye nezimo ezihlobene.
Imithombo:
"Ucwaningo lwesifo sikashukela." UMedTV.com. 2006 Clinaero, Inc. 22 Septemba 2007.
"Izindaba Zesifo Sikashukela: Izindatshana Zabantu Zesifo Sikashukela Phakathi Namashumi Eminyaka." I-Oxford Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2005 Umlomo oMlomo weSifo sikashukela. 21 Septemba 2007.
Einhorn, D. "Intuthuko Eyesifo Sikashukela SeMillennium: Ukwelapha Kwe-Insulin Nokuqapha Kweglucose." Medscape.com. 2004. i-Medscape. 21 Septemba 2007. (ukubhalisa).
"Umlando Wesifo Sikashukela." 2005. 22 Septhemba 2007.
Irbina, I. "Ukukhushukela Isifo Sikashukela Kuhlasela Isabelomali Esishayo." NYtimes.com. 2006. I-New York Times. 22 Septemba 2007.
Kalayoglu, M. "Laser Photocoagulation Systems for Retinopathy Diabetes kanye nezinye Ukuphazamiseka Retinal." Medcompare.com. 2007. Medcompare. 21 Septemba 2007.
I-Metformin. I-Medscape.com. 2007. i-Medscape. 6 Okthoba 2007.
Satley, M. "Umlando Wesifo Sikashukela." I-DiabetesHealth.com. 1996. 21 Septemba 2007.
"I-Joslin Research Sections." Isikhungo se-Joslin Diabetes Centre. 2007. Joslin.org. 22 Septemba 2007.