I-M-protein i-antibody-noma ingxenye ye-antibody-engabonisa ekuvivinyweni kwegazi lakho kanye / noma umchamo, nokuba khona kwayo kungasho izinto ezehlukene. Ezingqayeni zegazi ezifana ne- myeloma , i-'M 'ku-M' amaprotheni 'imelela i-monoclonal. Iproteinyini e-monoclonal ikhiqizwa ngamaseli angavamile, anomdlavuza noma ama-precancerous. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-protein yamonoclonal ngoba kune-clone eyodwa, i-mono-clone ye "amangqamuzana omdlavuza we-twin efanayo," konke okwenza le protheyini.
Iprotheyini ye-M ifana nomkhiqizo ongenaphutha, okukhiqizwa ngobuningi; ayilwa nokutheleleka futhi ayikho ukusetshenziswa kwangempela.
Emfanekisweni, i-Y-anti-bluetooth efana ne-blue, noma i-immunoglobulin, iyiprotheni ye-M.
Into ebanzi nxazonke ngemuva kwayo iyiselula ye-plasma, eyenza ama-antibodies. Akuwona wonke amaprotheni ama-M awamagciwane onke afana nalawo abonisiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-protein ye-myeloma iyingxenye eyodwa ye-antibody.
Okunye okubhekiswe ku-M protein
Emkhakheni we-myeloma, i-protein yamaminithi ibhekisela ekukhiqizeni okungavamile kwamangqamuzana e-plasma eyenziwa ngomzimba wakho. Ngeshwa, "i-protein" M ingaba nezincazelo ezehlukene emithi, kuye ngokuthi isihloko noma ukugula okuxoxwa ngakho.
Iprotheyini ye-M ingabuye ichazwe ngokusebenzisa imigomo elandelayo:
- Amaprotheni we-Monoclonal
- I-Myeloma amaprotheni
- Izinketho zokukhanya zama-immunoglobulin zamahhala
- Ama-paraproteins
- Beni Jones amaprotheni
- I-spike M
- I-M-ingxenye
Kulesi sihloko, sikhuluma kakhulu mayelana neprotheyini e-M ephathelene nomdlavuza-futhi, ikakhulukazi, ezinhlobonhlobo ze-cancer yomzimba kanye nezimo ze-blood and bone marrow.
Kodwa-ke, amanye amaprotheni aphawulekayo M ayenzeka emithini yokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nezinambuzane ezithathelwanayo njengoba kuboniswe lapha:
- I-protein ye-M ingase imelele amaprotheni wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza njengeprotheni ye-M1 yegciwane lesandulela ngculazi .
- I-protein ye-M ingasetshenziswa ekubhekiseni ibhethri ethile, i-streptococcus pyogenes.
- Iprotheyini, noma empeleni "amaprotheni M," ihambisana ne-bacterium mycoplasma genitalia .
I-Cancer yegazi
Wonke amaprotheni omzimba wokulwa namagciwane abizwa ngokuthi i-immunoglobulins. Iprotheni ye-M i-immunoglobulin-noma ingxenye ye-immunoglobulin-echazwa njenge-monoclonal, okusho ukuthi ikhiqizwa yi-clone eyodwa yamangqamuzana anenkinga. Akuyona into evamile ukuba umzimba ube namakhophi amaningi kakhulu weprotheyini efanayo ngokujwayelekile eyenzekayo e-myeloma, futhi lokhu okudlulele kubonakala ekufundzeni kwelabhorethri. Kungabangela nezinkinga emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi uma amazinga ephakeme kakhulu.
Lapho ivela khona
Ku-myeloma eminingi, amaprotheni we-M avela ekungeneni okukhulu kwamangqamuzana e-plasma. Ngokuvamile, amangqamuzana e-plasma azokhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane. Esimweni esivamile noma esinempilo, inani lamangqamuzana e-plasma anakho ukukhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi zemithi-anti-okuthiwa i-polyclonal antibodies, noma i-polyclonal immunoglobulins. Lapho amangqamuzana e-plasma eba nomdlavuza, ngokuvamile kunesithenjwa esisodwa, esibi kakhulu esiye saholela emanzini amaningi afanayo. Zonke lezi zinyoni ziyi-clones yeseli elifanayo, futhi zenza amaprotheni ahlukene kuphela. Njengoba kukhona amangqamuzana amaningi e-plasma, ephindaphinda ngokungavamile, enza okuningi kule phrotheni ye-monoclonal. Inqwaba, noma i-spike, emthamo weprotheyini eyodwa kuphela, ingatholakala kuhlolwa kwebhu.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Antiocidal Monoclonal
I-antibody ngayinye ikhiwa izingxenye ezine. Kunamaketanga amabili amade ngaphakathi, namaketanga amabili amancane ngaphandle. Emfanekisweni, ungabona iseli le-plasma ne-antibody nezinye eziningi ze-antibodies ngemuva.
Amaketanga okukhanya, noma amifushane, ngaphandle kwemigqa "eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" esithombeni, abuye abizwe ngokuthi amaprotheni amaBence Jones , noma amaketanga okukhanya e-immunoglobulin mahhala . Kulesi simo, kungumcanyana omncane we-antibody omkhulu. Lapho iprotheni ye-M iyinkambo elula, incane ngokwanele, eqinisweni, ingadlula izinso bese ingena emcinini.
Ngakho-ke, uma kuphela ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwenziwa izinketho zokukhanya ezingabanjwanga kusukela zingene umchamo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma iprotheni ye-M iyonke i-immunoglobulin-yonke i-Y enkulu esithombeni-khona-ke ingatholakala egazini ngoba inkulu kakhulu ukudlula emcinini. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlelo zamaprotheni ezinkulu zigcinwa, ukwakhiwa ngokweqile kwiprotheni enjalo ku-Impso kungabangela isifo sezinso.
Okubalulekile
- Ukuxilongwa: I-protein yamaminithi ivame ukutholakala kwi-myeloma eminingi nezinye izimo eziningana
- Ukulimala kwezinso: Uma ama-proteine ama-M ekhulu ngokwanele futhi eningi ngokwanele uma kwenzeka ukulimala ukuvala ama-functional of the kidneys, lokhu kungaholela ekufweni kwezinso futhi ekugcineni ukwehluleka kwezinso.
- Kuye ngezici zeprotheni efihliwe, neminye imiphumela eyingozi ingenzeka.
Igazi neMorrow Imibandela enamaprotheni ayenayo M
Izimo ezingase ziholele izinga eliphakeme lamaProtheyini emcimbini wokuhlolwa komchamo zihlanganisa:
- I-Myeloma - Ukuhlolwa komchamo kuyoba kuhle ku-protein ye-M kuma-50 kuya ku-80% wabantu abane-myeloma.
- I-MGUS - I-gammopathy ye-Monoclonal yokubaluleka okungenasisekelo ingase ibe nezinga eliphakeme.
- I-macroglobulinemia yama-Waldenstrom - Lo mdlavuza, ohlanganisa amangqamuzana asemaphesenti amaseli e-plasma, angase abe ne-protein ye-M ephakeme.
Kwezinye izimo, amangqamuzana abangela i-M-protein ayimangalisa, futhi angahlasela amathambo, ama-lymph nodes, isibindi, i-spleen, noma ezinye izitho. Yilokho ku-myeloma eminingi, i-plasmacytoma yedwa, ne-Waldenström macroglobulinemia.
Kwezinye izimo, i-protein ye-M ikhiqizwa nge-clone encane, enganiselwe, engaphambi kokulimaza kwamangqamuzana ayenwe, futhi lokhu kungabangeli izimpawu. Yilokho okwenziwe nge-gamocopal monoclonal yokubaluleka okungaqinisekisiwe kwe-MGUS.
Izwi elivela
Izimo eziningi zingabangela i-gammopathy monoclonal, i-spike komkhiqizo owodwa weprotheyini; futhi, akuzona zonke lezi zimo ezinomdlavuza. Ungaba neprotheni ye-M ngezifo ezithile ezixhumene nezicubu, njenge-systemic lupus erythematosus, i-rthumicid arthritis, ne-psoriatic arthritis. Ungaba nakho ukutheleleka kwegciwane le-Hepatitis C kanye ne-HIV / AIDS. Ungakwazi ngisho nokuthola isifo se-von Willebrand esitholakale, isifo esingavamile sokuphuma kwegazi. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, imbangela yeprotheni ye-M ibaluleke ngaphezu kokutholakala kwalokhu okutholayo.
Imithombo:
I-Leukemia neLymphoma Society. Ukuxilongwa. https://www.lls.org/disease-information/myeloma/diagnosis
Papanikolaou X, Rosenthal A, Dhodapkar M, et al. I-cytometry egeleza ichazwa i-cytoplasmic index ye-immunoglobulin iyisici esiyinhloko sokubikezela ukuqhubekela phambili kwama-gammopathies amakhomikhali angenawo ama-gamel to multiel analysis (subset analysis of SWOG S0120). I-Blood Cancer Journal. 2016; 6 (3): e410-.