Asazi izimbangela eziqondile zomdlavuza wezinso, kodwa kunezici eziningana zokubeka ingozi ezandisa ithuba lomuntu lokuthuthukisa lesi sifo.
Umdlavuza wezinso uvame kakhulu emadodeni, kulabo ababhema noma abakhuluphele kakhulu, labo abaye bahlushwa amakhemikhali athile emsebenzini, nalabo abanezimo zezokwelapha ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Ingozi yomdlavuza wezinso nayo iphakeme kubantu abanomlando womndeni wesifo noma abazuze njengezifo ezithile ze-genetic syndromes.
Isimo somdlavuza wezinso seyanda eminyakeni yamuva, nakuba singabonakali ukuthi kungani. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu akuyona ukwanda kweqiniso, kodwa kunalokho ukwandisa ikhono lokuthola nokuxilonga lesi sifo ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwe-imaging njenge-CT scan kanye nokuhlola kwe-MRI.
Uma ufunda ukuthi usengozini enkulu, ungase uzizwe ukhululekile. Khumbula, ukuba nomngcipheko ophezulu akuqinisekisi ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa umdlavuza, futhi kusekhona ezinye izinto ezikulawula kwakho. Khuluma nochwepheshe wakho wezempilo mayelana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko zokuphila ongayisebenzisa njengokuphatha isisindo sakho, ukuzivocavoca, nokudla okunempilo, futhi uqaphele izimpawu ezivamile ukuze ukwazi ukulandela njengoba kudingeka.
Izindlela Zengozi Yokuphila
Izimbangela eziqondile zomdlavuza wezinso azange zibonwe, kodwa siyazi ukuthi umdlavuza uvame ukuqala lapho uchungechunge lwezinguquko ezinqenqemeni zezinso ezivamile lushintsha lelo cell kumakhalekhukhwini wesifo somdlavuza.
Kodwa-ke, sithole izingozi eziningana zesifo. Izingozi zengculazi zingandisa amathuba okuba umuntu ahlakulele umdlavuza wezinso zomdlavuza wezinso, kodwa angabangeli umdlavuza. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi abantu bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa umdlavuza wezinso ngisho nangabe bengenayo ingozi yokugula.
Eminye yezinto eziyaziwayo ezingozini zomdlavuza wezinso zifaka lokhu okulandelayo.
Ubudala
Ingozi yomdlavuza wezinso ivame ukwanda ngeminyaka, nakuba lezi zomshukela zitholakale kubantu bazo zonke ubudala, ngisho nezingane. Lesi sifo sibonakala siningi kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka engama-50 no-70.
Ubulili
Umdlavuza wezinso usuphindwe kabili kubantu njengabesifazane.
Umjaho
Ingozi yomdlavuza wezinso iphakeme kakhulu kunabantu abamnyama kunabamhlophe.
I-Geography
Amagciwane ekhanda avamile kakhulu kulabo abahlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni kunezindawo zasemaphandleni.
Ukubhema
Ukubhema kuyisici esicacile somdlavuza wezinso, kanti labo abathuma bangamaphesenti angama-50 amathuba okuthuthukisa lesi sifo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukubhema kubhekene namaphesenti angu-30 wegciwane lesifo sezinso emadodeni namaphesenti angu-25 kubesifazane.
Ingozi ihlobene nenani leminyaka yepakethe elibhemayo, noma inani legwayi elibhemayo nsuku zonke liphindwe ngenani leminyaka umuntu abhema. Njengomphumela womdlavuza wamaphaphu, ingozi yomdlavuza wezinso iyancipha uma umuntu eyeka ukubhema kodwa angasetshenziswa ephakeme isikhathi eside. Ekugcineni ingozi ihlaselwa kumuntu ongabhemi owedlule cishe eminyakeni eyishumi ngemuva kokuyeka.
Ukukhuluphala
Abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile noma abakhuluphele (abanomzimba womzimba omkhulu kunamaphesenti angama-30) banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa umdlavuza wezinso, kanti ukukhuluphala kucatshangwa ukuthi kubhekene ne-1 kwezingu-4 zegciwane lesifo sezinso.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuholela ekuguqulweni kwamazinga e-hormone emzimbeni ongahle ahlobene nalengozi.
Imithi
Kukhona imithi ethile ehlotshaniswa ngokucacile nomdlavuza wezinso, kanti abanye lapho esingabazi ukuthi kukhona ingozi.
Omunye umuthi wemithi yobuhlungu ubuye waxhunyaniswa nomdlavuza wezinso. I-Phenacetin, i-painkiller eyake isetshenziswa kabanzi, ivinjelwe e-United States ngo-1983 ngenxa yalokhu kukhathazeka. Lokho kusho ukuthi kukhona abantu abaphila namuhla abangase basebenzise imithi, ngakho kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izinkinga zezokwelapha owake waba nazo esikhathini esidlule. Kubonakala sengathi i-Phenacetin iyingozi kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo.
Ucwaningo oluthile oluthola ukuthi ukutholakala komdlavuza wezinso (e-renal pelvis) e-Australia kwehle ngamaphesenti angu-52 kwabesifazane namaphesenti angu-39 emadodeni eminyakeni engama-30 ngemuva kokuvinjelwa kulelo zwe ngo-1979.
Kukhona ukukhathazeka ukuthi izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala okungezona izifo ezifana ne-Advil (ibuprofen) zingandisa ingozi. Isixhumanisi sitholakalé phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwe-aspirin no-Tylenol (acetominophen) nomdlavuza wezinso. Lezi zingozi zicatshangelwa ukuthi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusebenzisa ngokweqile le mithi yokuhlunguphazwa kodwa kuyisizathu esibalulekile sokusebenzisa lezi zilungiselelo kuphela lapho kudingekile.
I-Diuretics noma "amaphilisi amanzi" (ikakhulukazi, i-hydrochlorothiazide) ingase ihlobaniswe nengozi ekhulayo yomdlavuza wezinso. Ngesikhathi samanje, akuqiniseki ukuthi ingozi ihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwalezi zidakamizwa ukuphatha umfutho wegazi ophezulu noma ngenxa yokuba khona kwegazi eliphezulu ngokwayo.
Imibandela Yezokwelapha
Izimo zezokwelapha eziye zahlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wezinso zifaka:
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu: Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, akuqiniseki ukuthi ukuphakama kwengcindezi yegazi kuyingozi engumdlavuza wezinso, noma kunalokho imithi esetshenziselwa ukuphatha lesi simo.
- Umlando we-lymphomas: Akuqinisekiseki ukuthi i-lymphomas ibeka umuntu umdlavuza wezinso, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-cancer iyingxenye yomsindo wokuguqula izakhi, noma ngabe imisebe esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-lymphomas iyona ebangela ingozi eyanda.
- Ukuzivikela komzimba : Isivikelo somzimba sokuzivikela, kungakhathaliseki ngenxa yezidakamizwa zokuguqula izidakamizwa, izifo zokuzivikela ngegazi, ezithola izifo ezinjenge-HIV / AIDS, noma ezinye izinhlobo zokuzivikela zikhuphula ingozi.
- Umlando wesifo somdlavuza we-thyroid: Abantu abaye banomdlavuza wegciwane kubonakala sengathi banamathuba amabili kuya kwezikhombisa ukuthuthukisa umdlavuza wezinso. Akuqiniseki ukuthi umdlavuza wegciwane (noma ukwelashwa kwawo) udlala indima eqondile, noma kunalokho uma ukuguquguquka kwezakhi zofuzo njengalabo abahlukumeza izakhi zofuzo kunomthelela engozini yezocansi zombili.
- Isifo sikashukela: Ingozi yomdlavuza wezinso iphakeme kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi labo abaye baphathwa nge-insulin.
- Ukwelashwa komuthi womunye umdlavuza: Abesifazane abaye banemishanguzo yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, noma amadoda anemisebe yomdlavuza we-testicular, banengozi ephakeme.
- I-HIV / AIDS: Ukuzivikela komzimba kuphela kuyisici esiyingozi engumdlavuza wezinso, kepha imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-HIV ibonakala inganda ingozi.
- Isifo esiphezulu sezinso: Abantu abanesifo sezinso eziphambili, ikakhulukazi labo abasesifo se-dialysis, banengozi eyengeziwe.
- Ukutheleleka kwesifo se-hepatitis C: Ngokushesha, isifo sofuba se-C sitholakale sandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wezinso. Manje kunconywa ukuthi noma ubani ozalwa phakathi kuka-1945 no-1965 unesifo sokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze ahlolwe isifo sofuzo esibhedlela , njengoba lesi sifo singenaso izimpawu kuze kube yilapho sesenze umonakalo omkhulu.
- Amatshe enso: Amatshe ezinso zingase abe yingozi engozini emadodeni, kodwa lokhu kubambisana akubonwanga kubesifazane.
Ukuboniswa kweMikhali
Iningi lokuchayeka izinto nezinto zamakhemikhali eziphakamisa ingozi zihlobene nokuchayeka emsebenzini (emsebenzini). Eminye yalezi zihlanganisa ukuvezwa kwe-trichlorethylene (i-solvide ephilayo esetshenziselwa ukukhipha upende kusuka ensimbi), i-perchlorethylene (esetshenziselwa ukuhlanza owomile kanye ne-metal degreasing), i-cadmium (etholakala ku-cadmium amabhethri), i-asbestos (etholakala ekwakheni okudala), i-benzene (etholakala uphethiloli kanye nokukhathazeka kwabasebenzi basiteshini segesi), kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokubulala (ezisetshenziselwa ukulima).
Izici Zokukhiqiza
Imiphumela evela ekutadisheni okukodwa kunesibonakaliso kubonisa ukuthi abesifazane abanesifo se-hysterectomy banomngcipheko okhudlwana wokuba nomdlavuza wezinso (cishe amaphesenti angu-28 kwelinye kanye namaphesenti angu-41 kolunye). Ngokuphambene nalokho, ingozi yomdlavuza wezinso iyancipha kwabesifazane abanesikhathi sokuqala (esikhathini sokuqala) esikhathini esizayo, nalabo asebenzise iphilisi yokulawula (ukukhulelwa komlomo).
I-Genetics
Iningi labantu abahlakulela umdlavuza wezinso abanalo umlando womndeni wesifo, kodwa umlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza wezinso ukwandisa ingozi yakho. Ukuba nesilinganiso sokuqala esihlobene nalesi sifo (umzali, umntakwethu, noma ingane) kabili engozini, kodwa ingozi iphezulu uma umntanakho enesifo (okubonisa ukuthi iyindawo engokwemvelo). Ingozi yomdlavuza wezinso nayo iphakeme uma izihlobo ezingaphezu kwesisodwa (ngisho nezihlobo ezandisiwe) zinesifo, futhi ikakhulukazi kulabo abanamalungu omndeni abatholakale bengeneminyaka engu-50 noma abanomdlavuza ongaphezu kwesisodwa.
Uma ngabe ilungu lomndeni elingaphezu kweyodwa litholakale linomdlavuza wezinso, noma uma amalungu omndeni athole ukuthi usemncane, kungenzeka ukuthi enye yezakhi zofuzo ezingezansi zingase zigijime emndenini wakho. Ngesikhathi samanje, noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kofuzo kusemncane. Ama-syndromes ezakhi zofuzo nezinye izakhi zofuzo cishe zizotholakala esikhathini esizayo.
Ngaphezu komlando womndeni, abantu abanezifo ezithile ze-genetic have a ingozi ephakeme. Lawa ma-syndromes okwamanje acatshangwa ukuthi a-akhawunti amaphesenti angu-5 kuya kumaphesenti angu-8 wegciwane lesifo sezinso, futhi afaka:
- I-von Hippel-Lindau syndrome : Abantu abane-syndrome banengozi enkulu kakhulu yokucacisa i-cell renal carcinoma (cishe amaphesenti angu-40 abantu bahlakulela lesi sifo), ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwegciwane le-VHL
- I-Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma
- I-Hereditary leiomyoma-renal cell-renal cell carcinoma
- I-Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome
- I-Cowden syndrome
- I-tuberous sclerosis
> Imithombo:
> Society of American of Clinical Oncology. I-Cancer.Net. I-Cancer Cancer: Izingozi Nezokuvimbela Ingozi. Kubuyekeziwe ngo-08/2017.
> Antoni, S., Soerjomataram, I., Moore, S. et al. Ukuvinjelwa kwe-Phenacetin kuhlangene nezinguquko ku-Impact of Cancer-Upper Cancers e-Australia. I-Australia neNew Zealand Journal of Health Public . 2014. 38 (5): 455-8.
> Balakrishnan, M., Glover, M., Kanwal, F. et al. I-Hepatitis C kanye neNengozi yeziMilignancies ezingekho ngaphansi kwe-Nonhepatic. Izifo Zezinso Zokugula . 2017. 21 (3): 543-554.
> Karami, S .., Indodakazi, S., Schonfeld, S. et al. Izinkinga Zokukhiqiza Neengozi Zengane Yezinso ku-2 US Studies Studies, ngo-1993-2010. I-American Journal of Epidemiology . 2013. 177 (12): 1368-77.