Ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa okusha kuyashesha futhi kunembile kakhulu
Ngezifo ezithathelwanayo ezifana ne-HIV, isikhathi sewindikhathi yisikhathi esiphakathi kwesikhashana sokutheleleka futhi lapho ukutheleleka kungatholakala ngokunembile ngokuhlolwa kwe- HIV . Lesi sikhathi sinqunywa ukuzwela kokuhlolwa, eziningi zazo ezenzelwe ukuthola ama-antibodies (amaprotheni akhiqizwa yisimiso sokuzivikela omzimba ngokuphendula isifo), ama- antigens (ama-agent aqala ukuphendula ngomzimba) noma kokubili.
Kuphakathi kwenkathi yefasitela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kungakhipha umphumela ongamanga uma ukuhlushwa kwama-antibodies noma ama-antigens egazini akwanele ukutholakala. Ukuvivinywa kusengaphambili akubeka nje umuntu engozini yokuhlukumeza kabi kodwa kubangele ukusabalalisa kwesifo ngabantu abangazi isimo sabo.
Isikhathi samafasitela akufanele sididaniswe nesikhathi sokutshala isikhathi esiyisikhathi phakathi kokuchayeka kwesifo nokubonakala kwezimpawu.
I-Window Period iyaqhubeka nokunciphisa
Izivivinyo zamanje zokulwa negciwane lesandulelangculaza (HIV-generation) zinezinkathi zamaswidi ezinsukwini ezingu-21 kuya kwezingu-28. Ngeviki ezine, izivivinyo zinomzwelo wezingxenye ezingamaphesenti angama-95, okusho ukuthi lokho kuzoletha imiphumela efanele kuma-95 amaphesenti amacala. Ezinyangeni ezintathu, ukuzwela kwenyuka kuya kuma-99.9%.
Ngokuphambene, izivivinyo ze-HIV antigen zibona ukuthi kukhona amaprotheni e-p24 atholakale ebusweni begciwane. Ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen ngokuvamile kungaletha umphumela oqondile phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-13 no-28, nakuba ukuzwela ngezinye izikhathi kungancipha.
Iningi lwakamuva, ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa okusheshayo kwesizukulwane sesine, okuthola ama-antibodies kanye nama-antigens, kuye kwehlisa isikhathi sefasitela phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-12 no-26 ngenkathi kuhlinzeka ukuzwela kwamaphesenti angu-87.5 kuya kwamaphesenti angu-96.
Le teknoloji entsha yokuhlola ithathwa njengezinga legolide lokuhlola i-HIV futhi likwazi kangcono ukuqinisekisa ukutheleleka okunamandla , okuvumela ukwelashwa kwangaphambili.
Ukucabangela ukuhlola
Ngenkathi ukuhlolwa okuhlanganiswa okusha kutholakala ngokushesha ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kunanini ngaphambili, isikhathi sangempela sefasitela singashintsha kuye ngokuphendula komzimba komuntu. Kubalulekile, ngakho-ke, ukugwema ukungena kusenesikhathi ukuze uvivinye. Uma ungabaza, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma umhlinzeki wezempilo ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa umkhiqizo ongaphezu kwe-counter like the OraQuick in-home test test . Njengesivivinyo esisekelwe ku-antibody-based, kufanele ulinde okungenani izinyanga ezintathu kusukela ngesikhathi sokuchayeka ngaphambi kokuzihlola, ngokusho komenzi.
Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-OraQuick ekhaya kungenani elingalungile elingamaphesenti ayisikhombisa, okusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwesinye kwezingu-12 kuzoletha isibonakaliso "esicacile" esingalungile.
Uma ungaqiniseki ngokunemba kokuhlolwa kwekhaya, thintana nomtholampilo oseduze nawe ukuhlela ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV okuyimfihlo. Ungathola isayithi lokuhlola eduze kwakho ngokuthola indawo ye-inthanethi ehlinzekwa nguMnyango WezeMpilo WezeMpilo wase-US.
I-US Preventive Services Task Force okwamanje ikhuthaza ukuthi bonke abantu abaneminyaka engama-15 no-65 bahlolwe i-HIV njengengxenye yokuvakashela odokotela njalo.
Ngokusho kwamaCentral for Disease Control and Prevention, abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1.2 baseMelika bahlala ne-HIV okubalwa ukuthi abangamaphesenti angu-14 bahlala bengatholakali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abazi ukuthi i-akhawunti yabo yesimo se-HIV yingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke izifo ezintsha eNingizimu Afrika
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. "Ukuqwashisa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezihlotshiswe nge-HIV kanye nezifo ezingatholakali - United States, 2008 kuya ku-2012." I-MMWR . NgoJulayi 26, 2015; 64 (24): 657-662.
> UMnyango wezeMpilo kanye nezinsizakalo zabasebenzi. "Imihlahlandlela yokusetshenziswa kwama- Antiretroviral Agents ku-HIV-1-Adult Adult and Adolescents." Ifinyelele ngomhla ka-22 Disemba, 2014.
> Pilcher, C .; Louie, B .; Facente, S .; et al. "Ukusebenza kwe-Rapid Point-of-Care kanye nezivivinywa zeLebhubhu zeSandulela ngculazi eQinisekile futhi eqinisiwe eSan Francisco." PLOS | Enye. NgoDisemba 12, 2013; I-DOI: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pone.0080629.
> Malm, K .; von Sydow, M .; kanye no-Andersson, S. "Ukusebenza kwezinhlelo ezintathu ezenzakalelayo zokukhiqiza i-HIV antigen / antibody test in ukuhlolwa okukhulu kwabanikeli begazi kanye namasampuli omtholampilo." I-Transfusion Medicine. 2009: 19 (2): 78-88.
> I-US Preventive Services Task Force. "Ukuhlolwa kwesandulela ngculazi: Isitatimende Sokuncoma Sezinsizakalo Zezinsizakalo Ze-US Preventive Services." I-Rockville, e-Maryland; Ephreli 2013; ifinyelelwe ngo-Februwari 7, 2014.