Izindlela odokotela abathola ngazo isifo senhliziyo zingahlukahluka kancane, kuye ngokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo senhliziyo esikhuluma ngaso. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ucacise indlela evamile odokotela abaningi abasebenzisa ngayo ukuxilongwa lapho becabanga ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo. Kubonakala kanje:
- Okokuqala, thatha umlando wezokwelapha ngokucophelela.
- Okwesibili, yenza ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo okubonakalayo.
- Okokugcina, unqume ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo zezokwelapha ezingasiza ekuqedeni ukuxilongwa.
Umlando Wezokwelapha
"Ukuthatha umlando wezokwelapha" kusho ukuthi udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ukuze afunde ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezimpawu noma izikhalazo zezokwelapha okungenzeka ube nazo (uma zikhona) futhi uhlehlise noma yiziphi izici ezihambisana nalezi zimpawu ezingase zikhomba ezimbangela zabo.
Ngokuya ngezimpawu ozichazayo, udokotela wakho angakubuza imibuzo eminingi echaza lezo zimpawu-okubonakala kubangele, ukuthi yini ebenza bayeke, ukuthi bahlala isikhathi eside kangakanani, uma kwenzeka, futhi noma yiziphi ezinye izimo ezihambisanayo. Ngezimpawu ezithile ezibalulekile zokugula inhliziyo - ubuhlungu besifuba kanye ne- syncope kuba izibonelo ezimbili ezinhle-ukuthatha umlando wezokwelapha ngokucophelela ngokuvamile kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni ukuxilongwa.
Ukuhlolwa Kwemvelo
Ukuhlolwa komzimba kungase kuhlinzekwe izici ezithile ezibalulekile mayelana nokuba khona, ukungabikho, noma uhlobo lwezinkinga zenhliziyo umuntu angase abe nakho.
I-arrhythmias ye-cardiac , isifo se-valve senhliziyo , ukuhluleka kwe-heart congestive , aneurysm ye-aortic , kanye ne-postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (i-POTS) , yizinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinkinga zenhliziyo lapho ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kuvame ukunikeza izinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu, noma empeleni, ukuxilongwa.
Ukuhlola Okukhethekile Kwezinhliziyo
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlolwa okunamandla okwakhiwe ukuze kutholakale izinkinga zenhliziyo. Nakuba izivivinyo ezikhethekile zezinhliziyo zivame ukuba "izinga legolide" ekwenzeni noma ekuqinisekiseni ukuxilonga inhliziyo, ngokuvamile ziwusizo kakhulu uma udokotela wakho esivele enombono omuhle kakhulu-kusukela ekusebenzeni umlando nokuhlolwa komzimba-ukuthi yini ukuhlunga okufanelekile .
Lezi zivivinyo zingabiza, kunzima ukuzenza, ukuchitha isikhathi, futhi kwezinye izimo zihlasela. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwezifo zenhliziyo kufanele kusetshenziswe, uma kunokwenzeka, ngendlela ehlosiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okusolakala ukuthi kunokuba nje uvivinye ukuhlolwa, ekufakeni imfucumfucu, ukubona ukuthi yini evulekayo.
Ngamanye amazwi, odokotela kufanele bathembele emininingwaneni abayitholayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokutholwa komtholampilo ukuze banqume ukuthi yini okumele bayibheke, ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo noma izivivinyo ezifanelekayo ukuyihlola, futhi uma kudingeka ukuhlolwa okungaphezu kweyodwa, kufanele kwenziwe. Ngale ndlela, uma unenkinga yenhliziyo udokotela wakho angakwazi ukuthola impendulo efanele ngokusheshisa ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaphandle kokukubonisa izindleko ezingadingekile noma ingozi.
I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)
I- ECG ibhala umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo futhi ingabonisa ulwazi mayelana nesigqi senhliziyo kanye nezinkomba ezibalulekile mayelana nesifo senhliziyo esingaba khona (njengokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kwangaphambili, noma i -hypertrophy ye-ventricular .
I-ECG yenziwa ngokujwayelekile kangangokuthi odokotela abaningi bayibheka njengengxenye evamile yokuhlolwa kwezempilo kahle ngonyaka.
Ukuqapha Ambulatory
Izinhlelo eziningana zitholakalayo ezivumela ukurekhodwa kwe-electrocardiogram izinsuku noma amasonto ngesikhathi, ukurekhoda isigqi senhliziyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eside. Lezi zinhlelo zivumela odokotela ukuba bahlolisise ama-arrhythmias enhliziyo ayenzeka njalo futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe.
I-Echocardiogram, noma i-Cardiac Ultrasound
Ucwaningo lwe- echocardiogram luhlolo olungavumelekile olusebenzisa amagagasi omsindo ukwakha isithombe senhliziyo yokushaya. Ucwaningo lwe-echo luwusizo kakhulu ekuboneni ukwandiswa kwamagumbi ezinhliziyo , izifo ze-valve senhliziyo , nezinkinga zenhliziyo ezinjenge- cardiomyopathy ehlanjululwe noma ukucindezeleka kwe-cardiomyopathy .
Kuyinto isifundo esisheshayo okusheshayo ukwenza, ayiyona ingavamile, futhi ayidingi imisebe. Lokhu kwenza i-echocardiogram ibe ithuluzi lokuhlola lokucabangela elihle kakhulu uma kushiwo ukusobala okungahle kwenzeke enhliziyweni. Lubuye luhlolo olungenziwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqapha isimo senkinga yenhliziyo.
I-Cardiac CT Scan
Iskrini se-CT senhliziyo , njenganoma yisiphi isithwebuli se-CT, isebenzisa imishini ye-x-ray yekhompuyutha ukwenza isithombe senhliziyo. Le nqubo ingasetshenziselwa ukubheka amakhemikhali e-calcium emithanjeni ye-coronary , okubonisa ukuthi ukutholakala kwamathambo ekhona. I-scan ye-CT isebenzisa inani elikhulu lemisebe, ngakho-ke kufanele kwenziwe kuphela uma ulwazi olunikezayo lungase lusetshenziswe emtholampilo.
I-Cardiac MRI Study Study
Ucwaningo lwe-MRI lwezinhliziyo lusebenzisa amasimu omzimba ukwakha isithombe senhliziyo nezakhiwo ezizungezile. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungabonisa imininingwane ekhangayo ye-anatomic, futhi ezimweni ezithile kungasiza kakhulu ekuhloleni nasekuhlukaniseni isifo senhliziyo esakhiweni.
Ukucindezeleka Ukucindezeleka
Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwe- cardiac kunezindlela eziningana ezisebenzayo, kepha kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuthi izifo zesifo se-arthritis ziveza ischemia yenhliziyo engase ibe nesibopho se- angina , futhi uma kunjalo, ukusiza ukuhlola ubunzima benkinga.
Isivivinyo sokucindezeleka sivame ukuhlanganiswa ne- scan thallium , esisebenzisa umthamo omncane wezinto ezivuthayo ukuze kuvezwe isithombe senhliziyo esibonisa ukuthi ngabe imisipha yenhliziyo ithola ukugeleza kwegazi okudingayo. Ukucindezeleka kungase kube usizo ekuqapheleni ukusebenza kwe- anti-anginal therapy .
I-Catheterization ye-Cardiac
Ngalesi sivivinyo esingavamile , ama-catheter amancane afakwa emithanjeni yegazi futhi adluliselwe enhliziyweni kanye / noma emithanjeni ye-coronary. Izingcindezi zingalinganiswa ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo, futhi idayi ingafakwa emithanjeni yegazi namagumbi ezinhliziyo ukuze wenze isithombe esithinta i-x-ray sokugeleza kwegazi.
Ucwaningo lwe-catheterization lunamathuba amaningi okusebenza kepha ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa ukubona ngeso lengqondo imishanguzo ye-coronary kubantu abanezifo ezibizwa ngokuthi noma ze-coronary artery. I-catheterization ye-cardiac nayo isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ukwelashwa, ngokuvamile, ngokwenza i- angioplasty nokubeka ama-stents kubantu abanezinkinga zokuvimbela.
Ucwaningo lwe-Electrophysiology
Lena enye indlela yokwelashwa kwenhliziyo, kodwa kulokhu catheters kukhona izingcingo ezifakiwe ngaphandle kwezingqimba ezingenalutho. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukutadisha uhlelo lwegesi kagesi ukucacisa ukubakhona noma ukungabikho, kanye nendlela, yezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-arrhythmias yenhliziyo. Le nqubo isetshenziselwa ukuletha ukwelashwa kwe-ablation ukuze uphathe izinhlobo eziningana zama-arrhythmias.
Isifundo seThebula seTilt
Ucwaningo lwetafula oluthambile luyenziwa ngokufaka umuntu etafuleni enesikebhe kulo, bese ephakamisa itafula endaweni eqondile. Ngezinye izimo zenhliziyo, ukuthambekela ngokuqondile kumaminithi angu-20 noma ngaphezulu kungaveza izinhlobo ezithile zokungazinzi kwenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasolakala ukuthi bane- syncope ye-vasovagal . Ukutadisha ukuthambekela kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuxilongwa.
> Imithombo:
> Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, et al. Izincomo Ze-Cardiac Chamber Quantification Nge-Echocardiography Kubantu Abadala: Isibuyekezo Esivela ku-American Society Of Echocardiography Futhi I-European Association Of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015; 28: 1.
> Nishimura RA, uCarabello BA. Hemodynamics In The Laboratory Caratherapy Catheterization Of The 21St Century. Ukujikeleza ngo-2012; 125: 2138.
> Tracy CM, Akhtar M, Dimarco JP, et al. I-American College Of Cardiology / American Heart Association 2006 Ukuvuselela Isitatimende Sokuncintisana Kokutholwa Kwe-Electrophysiology Studies, Catheterablation, And Cardioversion: Umbiko We-American College Of Cardiology / American Heart Association / I-American College Of Physicians Umsebenzi Wezinkampani KuMakhono Empilo Nokuqeqeshwa Okuthuthukisiwe Ekuhlanganyeleni Nenhliziyo Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48: 1503.