Ukuqonda Umgogodla Nesifo Njengo-ALS
Umthambo womgogodla wenziwa ngendoda ebomvu kanye nendaba emhlophe. Uma ngabe uyayinqamula ukuhamba kancane, uzobona udaba olumpunga ngesimo sevemvane esizungezwe indaba emhlophe. I-gray grey isakhiwe kakhulu nge-neurons (amangqamuzana akhethekile asetshenziselwa ukuhambisa imiyalezo kwamanye amangqamuzana omzimba) kanye namaseli we-glial (azungeze futhi agxilise amangqamuzana e-neuron).
Indaba ebomvu yakha umgogodla womgogodla futhi unamaphuzu amane okuthiwa "izimpondo." Uphondo luhlukaniswe ngokuphindaphindiwe ngezigaba (noma amakholomu) kuze kufike uphondo olusenyakatho olungemuva, izimpondo ezisemuva zibekwe ezinhlangothini, futhi uphondo lwangaphambili lubekwe phambili.
Uphondo lwangaphakathi lomgogodla (owaziwa nangokuthi i-anterior cornu) luqukethe imizimba yamagciwane ezithinta imisipha yamathambo.
Ukuqonda I-Motor Neurons
Uma uhamba, ubuchopho buzothumela umlayezo kumaseli emthonjeni womgogodla. Lawa maseli abuye athumele umlayezo ohlelweni lwezinzwa zomzimba , ingxenye yesimiso sezinzwa esingaphandle kobuchopho nomgogodla.
I-squelette muscle movement iyinto eyodwa kuphela yemisebenzi elawulwa yisistimu yezinzwa ze-peripheral. Amaseli ayisisindo aphethwe ukuthumela lo mlayezo abizwa ngokuthi ama-motor neurons.
Izinzwa ezithumela imiyalezo phakathi kobuchopho nomgogodla zibizwa ngokuthi ama-motor neurons aphezulu, futhi lezo ezidlulisela imiyalezo kusukela emgodleni kuya emisipha zibizwa ngokuthi ama-motor neurons aphansi.
Ukuqonda izifo ze-Motor Neuron
Izifo ezihlasela ngokuqondile lezi zineurons zibizwa ngokuthi izifo ze-neuron . Njengoba igama libonisa, izifo ze-neuron zinciphisa ikhono lomuntu lokuhamba. Isibonelo esaziwa kakhulu salokhu yi- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) . Okunye kufaka ipholiyo nesifo sikaKennedy .
Izazi ze-neurologists zizosebenzisa ukuhlola ngokomzimba ukuthola ukuthi isiphi isimiso sezinzwa lesi sifo sitholakala. Izici zezifo zingashintsha kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Izifo ezithinta ama-neurons aphezulu kakhulu ziyobonisa ukuqina noma ukusabalalisa (ukuqhuma kwesisu okuqhubekayo okuthinta ukuhamba okuvamile).
- Izifo ezithinta ama-neuron aphansi ahlonishwa kakhulu nge-muscular atrophy (ukuchithwa) kanye ne- fasciculations (okufushane, ukuphikisana okungafaniyo kwemisipha).
- Kwezinye izinhlobo zezifo ze-neuron, ezifana ne-ALS, zombili izinto ezisemaphandleni ezincane nezingaphansi kwe-neuron zithintekile.
Izinhlobo ze-Motor Neuron
Izifo ze- motor neuron yizimo ezingavamile ezilimaza kancane kancane izingxenye zesimiso sezinzwa ezilawula ukunyakaza. Isifo se-motor neuron singabonakala kunanoma iyiphi indala evame ukubonakala kubantu abangaphezu kuka-40. Ithinta amadoda ngaphezu kwabesifazane.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo ze-neuron:
- I-ALS (eyaziwa nesifo sikaLou Gehrig ) yindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yesifo. Lithinta imisipha yezingalo, imilenze, umlomo, nesimiso sokuphefumula. Nakuba imbangela engaziwa ezimweni eziningi, cishe amaphesenti angu-10 ahlotshaniswa ngqo ne-genetics yomndeni.
- I-progressive palsy i-progressive (PBP) ihilela ubuchopho buba khona futhi kubangelwa ukuchofoza njalo, kunzima ukukhuluma, ukudla nokugwinya. Isizathu se-PBP asiziwa kodwa sikholelwa ukuthi sihlobene nezakhi zofuzo.
- I-progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) iyinhlobonhlobo ye-ALS ehamba kancane kancane kodwa iqhubekisela phambili ekuqothuleni kwemisipha (i-atrophy).
- I-primaryal lateral sclerosis (i-PLS ) ifomu engavamile yesifo esiqhubeka kancane kancane. Ngenkathi i-PLS ingafaki, i-PLS ingabaphazamisa umsebenzi ojwayelekile kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila yomuntu.
- Umzimba we-spinal muscular atrophy (i-SMA) ifomu lefa lesifo se-neuron esithinta izingane. Kuyinto ehambisanayo yokuhlukumeza imisipha, ukuthuthukiswa okuncane, nokulahlekelwa amandla emisipha yokuphefumula.
> Umthombo:
> Tiryaki, E. noHolli, H. "ALS nezinye izifo ze-Neurons." I-Continuum: Ukufunda Kwakuphila Kwonke Nge-Neurology. 2014 ; 20 (5): 1185-1207.