I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ngezinye izikhathi eyaziwa ngokuthi isifo sikaLou Gehrig ngemuva komdlali odumile we-baseball, yisimo esibangela umuntu ukuba kancane kancane futhi kancane kancane buthakathaka. Lokhu buthakathaka okuqhubekayo kubangelwa ukuwohloka kwemizwa emaphakathini angaphambilini komgogodla , odlulisa ulwazi ebuchosheni emzimbeni womzimba.
Njengoba lezi zinyama zomzimba zifa, imisipha abaxhumana nayo iqala ukuba ne-atrophy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-neurons ebuchosheni nayo iyafa, nakuba i-neurons efa ngokuvamile ayihlotshaniswa nendlela umuntu acabanga ngayo, ngakho-ke lo muntu uzohlala ekwazi ukuthi lesi sifo siyaqhubeka kanjani. Ezimweni eziningi, i-ALS ibangela ukukhubazeka nokufa phakathi neminyaka emihlanu. Cishe amaphesenti ayishumi esikhathi, abantu abane-ALS basinda isikhathi eside.
I-ALS ivame ukuthinta abantu uma bephakathi kweminyaka engu-40 no-70 ubudala; Nokho, kungenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile ekuphileni komuntu. Amadoda athathwe kaningi kunabesifazane. Ngenhlanhla, i-ALS ayifani kakhulu, ihlupha abantu abangaba ngu-30 000 e-United States, enezibalo ezintsha ezingaba ngu-5 600 ze-ALS ezihlolwe njalo ngonyaka.
Izimpawu ze-ALS
Izimpawu ze-ALS ngokuvamile ziqala ngobuthakathaka. Lokhu buthakathaka kungase kuqale ngomlenze owodwa nje. Imisipha ingase iqhume, iqhume noma ifake i-twitching ebizwa ngokuthi "i-fasciculations." Uma imilenze ithinteka okokuqala, umuntu angase aqale ukuqaphela ukuthi ahamba ngokuphindaphindiwe noma angase abe nomuzwa onzima.
Uma izimpawu ziqala ezandleni, kungase kube khona ekuqaleni ukuthi kube nzima ukuphatha izinto ezincane, njengokuchofoza ihembe noma ukuvula ukhiye. Okungajwayelekile, imisipha yokuqala engathinteka yiyo ebusweni nasemqaleni, okuholela ekubuneni ukukhuluma noma ukugwinya. Akukho ukukhahlela noma ukuphazamiseka okuhlobene nalokhu buthakathaka.
Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, ubuthakathaka buyobe bukhukhume futhi buyekwe kwezinye izindawo zomzimba. Lo muntu uzolahlekelwa ikhono lokukhuluma njengoba elahlekelwa ukulawula ulimi lwabo nezindebe. Ekugcineni, lo muntu angadinga ithuluzi lokudla . Njengoba izidakamizwa zidinga ukuphefumula buthaka, ukusekelwa kokuphefumula kunganikezwa, okokuqala ngomshini we- CPAP bese ube nokuphuza umoya. Ngenxa yokuthi abanamandla okukhwehlela noma ahlanze umphimbo wabo, abantu abane-ALS eziphambili bayakwazi ukuphefumula nge-pneumonia . Empeleni, iningi labantu abane-ALS ekugcineni lizodlula ngenxa yokusukela noma ukwehluleka ukuphefumula .
Ngezinye izikhathi, abantu abane-ALS bane- dementia ehambisanayo. Futhi, abanye abantu bakhula ukukhubazeka kwamapseudobulbar, okwenza kube nzima ngabo ukulawula imizwelo yabo.
Yini eyenza i-ALS?
Izimbangela eziqondile ze-ALS zisacwaningwa. Isifo ngokuvamile sibonakala sishaya ngokuzenzekelayo, nakuba amaphesenti angaba ngu-10 amacala angama-genetic. Isakhi sezimpawu zokuthi i-superoxide dismutase (i-SOD1), i-enzyme ephula ama-radicals amahhala, atholakale ngo-2001. Ezinye izakhi zofuzo - kubandakanya amaprotheni ahlanganisa i-TAR DNA (TARDBP, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-TDP43); fused-in-sarcoma (FUS), ukungavamile kofuzo ku-chromosome 9 (C9ORF72); futhi i-UBQLN2, ehlanganisa i-protein ene-ubiquitin enjenge-ubiquitin? 2 - konke kuhlotshaniswa ne-ALS.
Njengomphumela walezi zinguquko ezingavamile zamangqamuzana, amangqamuzana omzimba wamapulangwe ompondo wangaphakathi lomgogodla namaseli ku-cortex ye-cerebral aqala ukufa.
Abanye abantu baye baqaphela ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kokulimala kwekhanda kanye nengozi eyengeziwe ye-ALS, nakuba lezi zimo zingase zimelele ukugula okuhlukile okubizwa ngokuthi ukucindezeleka okungapheli okuphazamisayo . Amaqhawe aseMpi, ikakhulukazi labo abakhonza eGulf Gulf, banengozi enkulu yokwenza izimpawu ze-ALS, njengabadlali abathile. Ukuvezwa kwezidakamizwa kuphinde kuphhenywe, nakuba kungekho okucacile okwamanje okwamanje.
I-ALS ihlolwe kanjani?
Ukuxilongwa kwe-ALS kufanele kwenziwe yi-neurologist.
Izazi ze-neurologists ezihlola izifo ze-neuron ezifana ne-ALS zingase zikhulume ngokuhlanganiswa "kwezibonakaliso ezingenhla neziphansi ze-neuron" ezidingekayo ukuze zihlolwe. Ukuthola okunye okuhlolwa ngokomzimba, okufana ne-tendon ejulile ye-tendon reflexes, kusikisela ukuthi ubuthakathaka bubangelwa izifo emgodleni womgogodla noma ebuchosheni. Ezinye iziphumo zokuhlolwa, njenge-fasciculations, ngokuvamile zibhekiswe ekulimaleni kwimbangela ngemva kokushiya intambo yomgogodla. Ngenxa yokuthi izifo ze-neuron ezinjenge-ALS zilimaza indawo lapho izithuthuthu eziphezulu ezisuka ebuchosheni zikhulumisana ne-neurons eziphansi eziphuma emgodini, izimpawu ezingaphezulu nangaphansi kwe-neuron zibonakala ku-ALS futhi zidingeka ukuba zihlolwe.
Ukungathí sina kokuxilongwa kwe-ALS kuvame ukuholela ekuhlolweni okungeziwe ukukhipha ezinye izifo, ezingasetshenziswa kakhulu, izifo ezingalingisa i-ALS. I- electromyogram (EMG) kanye nesifundo sokuqhutshwa kwesisindo singenziwa ukuze sikhiphe ukungenzeka kwezifo ezifana ne-myasthenia gravis noma i-peripheral neuropathy. Iskena se-MRI singenziwa ukuze sikhiphe ezinye izifo zomgogodla, njengama-tumors noma ama-multiple sclerosis.
Kuye ngendaba yomuntu ngamunye nokuhlolwa komzimba, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwezifo ezinjenge-HIV, i- Lyme noma i- syphilis ingenziwa. Iziguli ezitholwe nge-ALS kufanele zicabangisise ngokuthola umbono wesibili.
I-ALS iphathwe kanjani?
Imithi eyodwa kuphela, uRiluzole, iboniswe ukuthi iphumelele ekuthuthukiseni ukusinda kweziguli ezine-ALS. Ngeshwa, umphumela unesizotha, ukwandisa ukusinda kuphela ngokulinganiselwa kwezinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu.
Kodwa kukhona usizo. Ukusebenza neqembu labachwepheshe bezokwelapha kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu eziningi ze-ALS. Ithimba elinjalo lingabandakanya i-neurologist, i-therapists, inkulumo kanye nabahlengikazi bezisebenzi nabachwepheshe emishini yokudla okunomsoco nokuphefumula.
Abasebenzi bezenhlalakahle bangase bahileleke ekusizeni ukuhlela amaqembu okusekela kanye nezidingo zomthetho, njengokuthanda okuphilayo kanye namandla ommeli . Ikakhulukazi eduze nokuphela kokuphila, iziguli eziningi ziyazuza ngokusebenza nochwepheshe ekunakekelweni kokunakekelwa kokubeletha kanye nokugula .
Ukusebenza nabachwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kungasiza iziguli ezine-ALS ziphile impilo yazo yonke ngokuzimela nangokunethezeka ngangokunokwenzeka.
> Imithombo:
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