Kungani Lezi Zenzakalo Ezivamile Zezitha Zingaba Ukwesaba Abazali
Ezinganeni zangaphambi kwesikhathi, i-apnea ne-bradycardia ivame ukuhlangana ndawonye, kanye namazinga aphansi e-oksijeni egazi. Okokuqala, i-apnea ivele futhi ingane izoyeka ukuphefumula. Ngenxa yokuthi umntwana akaphefumuli, amazinga e-oxygen egazi azowa. Inhliziyo iyancipha ekuphenduleni amazinga e-oxygen ephansi. Ngokubili, i-apnea ne-bradycardia ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "As and Bs" noma "izinhlamvu" kanye nezinga eliphansi le-oksijeni yegazi ngokuvamile libizwa ngokuthi i-desaturation noma "i-desat."
I-oxygen saturation ilinganisa inani le-hemoglobin ethwala oksijini egazini.
Igazi legama elithi baby, elifana nelomntwana noma lomdala, kufanele libe ngu-95 kuya ku-100% eligcwele umoya-mpilo. Igazi lomntwana osanda kuzalwa elithola i-oksijeni eyengeziwe ngokuvamile ligcinwa phakathi kuka-88 no-95% ukugcwalisa, hhayi okuphakeme, ukuvimbela ukuphindaphinda kwe-prematurity , isimo esibi kakhulu.
Esikhathini esibhedlela, u-oxyetry we-pulse usetshenziselwa ukukala inani le-oksijini egazini.
Lapho igazi lingenalo umoya okwanele, libizwa ngokuthi i-desaturation. I-Desaturations ingabangela i-blue tint ezindebe noma isikhumba futhi ibangele ukuthi ingane ilahle ithoni noma ibe "i-floppy."
Kuyini i-Apnea?
I-apnea kusho isikhathi lapho ukuphefumula kuyeka khona. Emantwaneni angakabiphi, i-apnea yinoma yisiphi isikhashana sokuphefumula okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasekhondi angu-20, okwenza i-bradycardia, noma ukwehla kwezinga le-oksijini yegazi. Izinsana zangaphambi kwesikhathi zinamasosha omzimba amancane futhi zijwayele ukuba neziqephu ze-apnea.
Ngezinye izikhathi, i-apnea izobangela inhliziyo yengane ukuba ishaye kancane kancane, okuthiwa i-bradycardia.
Ku-NICU, izitha zangaphambili zixhunyiwe ukuze ziqaphele ukuthi ama-alamu azwakalayo lapho ukuphefumula kwabo kunamaphutha amakhulu.
Ngokujwayelekile, i-pat emnene ngemuva kwakho konke okudingekayo ukukhumbuza ingane ukuba iphinde iphefumule, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi abantwana badinga usizo ukuphefumula noma oksijini xaxa uma bephethwe yi-apneic.
Iningi lezingane ezingakabiphi ngaphambi kokuba zifake i-apnea ngesikhathi sezilungele ukuya ekhaya, kodwa ezinye izinsana zizobe zinezinhlobo ezithile ze-apnea emnene. Uma lokho kwenzeka, abazali bazokhipha ingane yabo ekhaya nge-monitor ye-apnea, ezophuma uma ingane iyeka ukuphefumula.
Kuyini i-Bradycardia?
I-Bradycardia isho kancane kancane kunesigqi senhliziyo. Ezinganeni, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo libizwa ngokuthi i-bradycardia uma liwela phansi kwezingu-100 ngomzuzu ngomntwana ongaphansi kuka-1250 g (2 lb 12 oz) noma kuya kwezimbambo ezingaba ngu-80 ngomzuzu kumntwana omkhulu. Lapho abantwana be-NICU, izinhliziyo zabo ziqapha, futhi iziqephu ze-bradycardia ziphathwa ngokugqugquzela. Uma i-bradycardia iyaqhubeka, imithi efana ne-caffeine ingasetshenziswa ukuphatha lesi simo.
Izimbangela
I-apnea ne-bradycardia kunezimbangela eziningi ezinganeni zakudala. Ukwelapha, i- anemia , nezinkinga ebuchosheni kungabangela i-As and B. Isizathu esivame kakhulu se-apnea ne-bradycardia phakathi kwezitha ze-NICU, noma kunjalo, yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-apnea ye-prematurity.
I-apnea ye-prematurity yinkinga ebangelwa izinhlelo zesifo esingaba nesifo somzimba. I-apnea ye-prematurity ibonakala njalo ezinkundleni ezisencane; njengoba iminyaka yobudala isinciphisa, i-apnea ye-prematurity iyanda. Izingane ezingu-7 kuphela ezizalwa ngamasonto angu-34 kuya kwangu-35 ukubeletha kune-apnea ye-prematurity, kodwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yabantwana abazalwa emavikini angu-30 kuya ku-31 banenkinga.
I-apnea ingenzeka ngenxa yokuthi inqubo ebuchosheni obatshela ukuthi ingane iphefumule, futhi ingane iyeka ukuphefumula ngokuphelele (i-apnea ephakathi) noma ngoba isimiso semisipha esincane esingeke sikwazi ukugcina umoya ovulekile futhi ukugeleza komoya kuvinjelwe ( ukuvimbela i-apnea ). I-apnea ephakathi nendawo evimbelayo nayo iyenzeka.
Imiphumela Yesikhathi Eside
Odokotela abaqiniseki ukuthi yimuphi umphumela wesikhathi eside we-apnea ne-bradycardia. Bayazi ukuthi i-bradycardia idala ukunciphisa okwesikhashana emazingeni egazi kanye ne-oxygen engqondweni. Bayazi nokuthi izingane ezincane ezingenaso isikhathi esinezinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezibhalwe phansi ze-apnea zinamanani aphansi ezineminyaka engu-3 ekuhlolweni okulinganisa imiphumela yokuthuthukiswa kanye neyezinzwa, kodwa abakwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi i-apnea ne-bradycardia ibangela izikolo ezingezansi.
Into eyodwa odokotela abakwaziyo ukuthi i-apnea ne-bradycardia ayibangeli ngokungazelelwe ukufa kwe-infant syndrome, noma i-SIDS. Nakuba izinsana ezingakafiki, ngokuvamile, zinengozi ephakeme ye-SIDS kunezinsana zesikhathi esigcwele, i-apnea ye-prematurity ayikho imbangela ephezulu ye-SIDS.
Ukwelapha
Lapho abantwana ku-NICU benesiqephu se-apnea noma i-bradycardia, abaqaphi abaqopha izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula kuqala ku-alamu. Ngezinye izikhathi, umsindo nje we-alamu ukwanele ukugqugquzela ingane ukuba iphinde iphefumule, futhi ingane iphefumula kahle ngaphambi kokuba umhlengikazi abe nesikhathi sokuphendula. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-alamu ayanele. Ukukhuthazwa, ngokugubha noma ukuchoboza umntwana, kuyasetshenziswa. Uma umntwana engasaphinde aphuluke, khona-ke ingane izonikezwa ukuphefumula ngesikhwama nemaski.
Amantombazane anesifo se-apnea esivamile angase abekwe ekucindezelweni okuqhubekayo kwe-airway (CPAP) ukuwasiza ukuba baphefumule noma angase avunyelwe umoya. Imithi ingasetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-apnea ye-prematurity. I-caffeine yindlela yokwelapha entsha ye-apnea enemiphumela embalwa emibi futhi iphumelele kakhulu.
Ukuvimbela Amakholi Aqhubekayo
Ukwazi ukuthi yini eyenza iziqephu ze-apnea ne-bradycardia zingasiza abahlengikazi nabazali ukunciphisa inani leziphonso ezinganeni ezingaphambi kwesikhathi. I-apnea ne-bradycardia zivame ukuba khona ngesikhathi sokulala ebuthongweni obunzima, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuvumela izingane ukuba zibe nezinsuku ezinde zokulala okujulile. Vumelanisa ukuvakashelwa kwakho ku-NICU ngezikhathi zokudla nokuhlola, bese usebenzisa amazwi athule uma uvakashela lapho ingane yakho ilele. Ukushintshashintsha kwemifucumfucu ekushiseni kwama-incubator nakho kungabangela i-As ne-Bs, ngakho-ke zama ukulondoloza ukushisa okuzinzile ngaphakathi kwe-incubator ngokugcina iminyango yama-incubator ivaliwe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukondla i-ingwe kungenye imbangela evamile ye-apnea ne-bradycardia. Uma ukondla ingane engakafiki ngaphambi kwebele noma ibhodlela, ukuhamba ngezimoto kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kokudla. Uma ingane yakho ibonakala isondla ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokumisa ukuphefumula, ijubane nokudla ngokukhipha isikhupha emlonyeni wakhe ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kuyokwenzeka nini?
Ezinganeni eziningi, i-apnea izoqala ukuxazulula phakathi nesikhathi sokuzalwa kwabo, futhi nxazonke lapho ziqala ukudla ngokwanele ngokwabo ukuze zithole isisindo njalo futhi zigcine ukushisa okufudumele ngaphandle kwe-incubator. Kodwa ezinye izingane zizoqhubeka ziba neziqephu ze-apnea ne-bradycardia ngisho nangabe sezilungele ukushiya i-NICU nganoma iyiphi indlela. Izibhedlela eziningi zidinga izingane ukuba zibe nenani elithile lezinsuku ezingenayo i-apnea noma i-bradycardia ngaphambi kokuba zikhishwe ukuze ziqiniseke ukuthi zine-apnea engakaze ibe yindawo yokuqeda imvelo ngokuphelele.
Amantombazane asenayo iziqephu ze-apnea noma i-bradycardia ngisho nangemva kokuba sebekulungele ukuya ekhaya nganoma iyiphi enye indlela bangase bakhululwe esibhedlela ngeso lokuqapha kwe-apnea ekhaya. Labaqapheli baphikisana ngoba ababonisi izinzuzo zezokwelapha ngokucacile futhi kunzima kubazali ukuba bahlale nabo, kodwa basetshenziselwa kakhulu izingane ezinokuphefumula okuqhubekayo.
Imithombo:
I-Stokowski, i-RN, i-MS, i-Laura. "Umhlahlandlela Wabazali Wokuqonda I-Apnea." Ukuthuthuka Ekunakekelweni Kwengane Ka- June 2005. 5; 175-176
I-Stokowski, i-RN, i-MS, i-Laura. "I-Primer nge-Apnea of Prematurity." Ukuthuthuka Ekunakekelweni Kwangasese Kuqala NgoJuni 2005. 5; 155-170
I-University of Virginia Health System. "Apnea of Prematurity." Http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/uvahealth/peds_respire/apneapre.cfm