Ukuhlukanisa Amaqiniso Ezimpikiswano Ezivamile
Ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35 yocwaningo lwe-epidemiological ne-biomedical, umbuzo wokuthi ungathola i-HIV emlonyeni womlomo uhlala udideka kubantu abaningi. Ngakho ake siqale ngokuhlukanisa izidakamizwa ezivela emaqinisweni nezibalo ezinzima.
Uma ubuza umuntu angathola i-HIV emlonyeni womlomo, impendulo eqotho kufanele kube yinto engenzeka kodwa engenakwenzeka. Ngokuyinhloko, ubulili ngomlomo-noma ngokusho kwe-fallatio (oral-penile), cunnilingus (ngomlomo-wesifazane), noma i-anilingus (ngomlomo-umlomo) -yindlela engcono yokudlulisela i-HIV .
Uma kuthiwa, igama elithi "lingakwazi" libonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi abaningi banzima ukuxosha.
Ingozi yeTheory and Documented
Noma nini lapho kuxoxwa ngengozi ye-HIV, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwengozi yama-theoretic kanye nedokhumenti. Inengozi ebhalwe phansi isekelwe kwinani langempela lamacala lapho i-HIV ingacaciswa ngokuqondile ngesenzo socansi ngomlomo. Futhi, lapho ubheka leyo lensi, ingozi yokutheleleka ngokocansi ngomlomo empeleni iphansi kakhulu . Akusizi, mhlawumbe, kodwa ukuhlela eduze nayo.
Eqinisweni, ngokusho kocwaningo oluvela eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia San Francisco's Century for AIDS Prevention Studie, amathuba okutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngokusebenzisa ubulili bomlomo ongavinjelwe kwaba yizibalo, nakuba abacwaningi bahamba kuze kube yilapho benganezela ukuthi "asikwazi ukulawula kungenzeka ukuthi amathuba okutheleleka empeleni angaphezu kwezinga. "
Ngombono ngamunye, kunezici eziningi nezimo ezingakhuphula ingozi yomuntu siqu, ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu.
Ngokuqonda nokukhomba lezi zici, ungenza okungcono, ukhethe okwengeziwe mayelana nempilo yezocansi wena nomlingani wakho.
Ukulinganisa Ingozi ngohlobo lwezocansi lomlomo
Amathuba okudlulisa i-HIV ngokusebenzisa ucansi ngomlomo kuncike ekutheni uhlobo loxhumana naye olubandakanyekile. Ukubeka eceleni zonke ezinye izici eziyingozi, amandla okutheleleka angashintsha kuncike ekutheni umuntu ongenayo igciwane noma uthola ucansi lomlomo.
Ngokusobala, ingozi ingasebenza noma yikuphi amaphesenti angama-% kuya kwephesenti eyodwa, ngokusho kocwaningo oluvela eLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Noma kunjalo, lezo zinombolo zingashintsha uma ubhekene nezici ezithile zobulili.
Phakathi kwazo
- Ukwamukela i-fallatio , okusho ukuthi umuntu ongenayo igciwane lesandulela ngculazi kumlingani wesilisa ne-HIV, kubhekwa njengengozi encane kakhulu. Phakathi kwemibhangqwana ye-serodiscordant (lapho umlingani oyedwa engenawo igciwane lesandulela ngculazi kanti enye inhle), ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ingozi yindawo ethile engamaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili ngaphezu kokuphila komshado. Phakathi kwamadoda alala nobulili namadoda (MSM) , isenzo ngasinye sengozi senza cishe ku-0.04%.
- I- fallatio ehlongozwayo ("ukuthola i-blowjob") ayincane kakhulu enikezwa ukuthi ama-enzyme ematheni anganciphisa noma yiziphi izinhlayiya ezincane ezingase zibe khona. Ngisho ne-saliva egazini, kusadingeka kube necala elibhalwe phansi lokutheleleka kwalolu hlobo.
- I-Cunnilingus iphinde iboniswe ukuthi iyindlela engalindelekile kakhulu enikeziwe yokuthi akukaze kube khona icala eliqoshiwe lomfazi noma umlingani wakhe othola i-HIV ngemuva kokuthola noma ukunikeza ucansi ngomlomo.
- I-Anilingus ("ukuhleka") nayo ibhekwa njengengozi engadingekile, ikakhulukazi kumlingani owemukelayo. Nakulokhu, akuzange kube khona amacala omuntu othola i-HIV ngemuva kokugubha umlingani one-HIV.
Nakuba lezi zibalo ziphakamisa ukuthi ingozi ye-HIV iphansi kunombono wabantu, lokho akufanele kusho ukuthi ivela ngaphansi komuntu ngamunye. Ngokusobala, ukuthi kunezinto ezinobungozi obuningi, ingozi enkulu yokudlulisela kuyoba yingozi
Izingozi ezengeziwe zobungozi
Mhlawumbe into eyodwa, enkulu kunazo zonke ekunqumeni amathuba okutheleleka ngumthwalo wegciwane lomlingani othelelekile. Kulula nje, ukuphakama kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza , kukhulu kakhulu ukutheleleka uma umuntu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umthamo wegciwane elingabonakali uhambisana nengozi eseduze.
Kunezinye izici eziningi ezingathonya ingozi engaba khona:
- Ukwehliswa kwezidakamizwa ngesikhathi socansi lomlomo kubonakala sengathi kuyingozi kunezocansi zomlomo ngaphandle kwe-ejaculation, nakuba kungekho bufakazi bokuthi i-ejaculation iyona yodwa into yokutheleleka.
- Ukunqunywa, ukuxoshwa noma izilonda emlonyeni womuntu kunganikeza indlela yokudlulisela. Kuze kube sekugcineni, impilo enhle yamazinyo kufanele igcinwe ukuze kusize ukuncishiswa kwesifo sokugaya i-gum nezinye izifo zomlomo.
- Izifo ezithile ezithathelwana ngocansi, njenge-syphilis ne-gonorrhea, zingabangela izilonda ezilonda izifo noma zinciphise izicubu ezinomsoco ze-vagin noma i-anus. Izifo ezinjengalezi zingavame ukungabonakali, ikakhulukazi uma zikhona emqaleni, emgodini noma emagcekeni.
- Izilonda noma izilonda ezivela ezifweni ezihlobene ne-HIV ezifana ne-candidiasis noma i-herpes simplex nazo zingahle zonakalise ubuqotho bomlomo nomphimbo. Ngokuthatha ukwelashwa kwe-HIV , ingozi yalezi zifo ezithathelwanayo nezomlomo zingancishiswa kakhulu.
- Ukuhlushwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza emanzini okugoma kungabuye kwandise ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini njengoba amangqamuzana athatha i-HIV aphelelwa emlonyeni wesibeletho. Kungenzeka okufanayo uma umuntu ehola i-urethritis, ukuvuvukala okunamandla okungakwandisa ukuchithwa kwamagciwane ngisho nabantu abane-viral load engavamile.
Izindlela Zokunciphisa Ingozi
Ngokusobala, indlela engcono yokunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka iwukuba usebenzise ucansi oluphephile . Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma unamaqembu amaningi ocansini noma ungaqiniseki ngempilo yomlingani wesondo. Lezi zihlanganisa amakhondomu namadamu wamazinyo kulabo abahlanganyela ku-cunnilingus noma i-anilingus.
Kunezindlela ezengeziwe ezingase zinciphise ingozi:
- Uma unesandulela ngculazi, ukuqala nokugcina ukunamathela kumuthi wokulwa negciwane lesandulela ngculaza kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokudlulisela igciwane kwabanye. Isu, esaziwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa njengokuvimbela (TasP) , siboniswe ukunciphisa ingozi yokudlulisa ucansi phakathi kwabalingani be-serodiscordant ngamaphesenti angu-96.
- Uma ungenayo i-HIV, ungacela udokotela wakho ukuba anikeze i- HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (i-PrEP) , isifo semithi esisodwa yansuku zonke esinganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-90.
- Ukuhlola i-HIV njalo kunconywa kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka, okufaka phakathi i-MSM, ukujova umsebenzisi wezidakamizwa , kanye nabantu abanamaqembu amaningi ocansi. Iziphakamiso ze-STD zesikhathi esizayo nazo zinconywa.
Ekugcineni, ukukhulumisana kufana nokugwema i-HIV isikhathi eside. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesandulela-ngculaza noma unge-HIV, inhlekelele enkulu ivela ekushiyeni izinto ezingenakusho. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezindlela zokuxoxisana ngocansi oluvikelekile noma indlela yokudalula isimo sakho se-HIV kumuntu othandana naye.
Imithombo:
I-Baggaley, i-R .; I-White, R .; kanye noBoily, M. "Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwamathuba okudlulisela i-orogenital HIV-1." I-International Journal ye-Epidemiology. 2008; 37 (6): 1255-1265. I-DOI: 10.1093 / ije / dyn151.
Amasevisi aseMelika okuLawula nokuvimbela izifo (CDC). "Izimpawu Ezibalulekile: Ukuvimbela I-HIV Ngokunakekela Nokunakekelwa - I-United States." Ukulimala nokufa Kwembiko Yamaviki onke (MMWR). NgoDisemba 2, 2011; 60 (47): 1618-1623.
> Izinkuni, L .; I-Chahroudi, A .; Chen, H .; et al. "I-Oral Mucosa Immune Environment ne-Oral Transmission ye-HIV / SIV." Immunol Rev. 2013; 254 (1). I-DOI: 10.1111 / imr.12078.