Izinhlobo, Izimpawu, Ukuxilongwa, Nezokwelapha
Sizwa ukuthi i-COPD ingenye yezimbangela zokufa e-United States, kodwa lokhu kusho ukuthini, yiziphi izimpawu, futhi ziphathwa kanjani?
Incazelo: I-COPD - Isifo Esithathelwanayo Sokuvimbela Izifo Zomzimba
I-COPD imele isifo esingenasifo se-pulmonary chronic obstructive, iqembu lezifo zamaphaphu elibhekene nokuvinjelwa kwemimoya yomoya. I-COPD incazelo ayibuyelanga ngokuphelele (ngokungafani ne-asthma) futhi ivame ukuqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izinhlobo ze-COPD
Izifo ezihlukaniswe ngaphansi kwe-COPD ehlanganisa:
- I-Emphysema - I- Emphysema yisifo esibangelwa ukulimala kwe- alveoli - indlela encane yokuhamba kwamaphaphu lapho ukushintshaniswa kwe-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide kwenzeka khona, futhi kubangelwa ukubhema. Ama-alveoli ambalwa atholakalayo ngoba lokhu kubhujiswe ukuvuvukala nokukhwabanisa, kanti lezo ezisele ziba yinkinga, zilahlekelwa ukuqina kwazo futhi zibangele ukuthungatha umoya. Ungayifaka lokhu njengombhaluni olahlekelwe ukuqina kwawo futhi umoya uhlala ngisho nalapho ibhaluni liwela (njengokungathi ukuphefumula.)
- I-bronchitis engapheli - I- bronchitis engapheli i -airways igcwele ukuvutha, okwenza kube lula nokuqina kwe-airways. Le nqubo ibuye ibangele ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucous. Lezizinambuzane zigcwalisa izindiza zezindiza, zivimbele phambili ukuphefumula.
- I-Bronchiectasis - I- Bronchiectasis ibonakala ngokukhulisa nokukhuphula umoya ohamba emoyeni, ngokuvamile okubangelwa ukutheleleka okuphefumula okuvamile okusemncane. Ukuvuvukala kubangelwa nokukhiqizwa kwe-mucous okuvimbela phambili ukuhamba kwemimoya.
Igama elithi COPD lisetshenziswe kabanzi, njengoba iningi labantu linenhlanganisela kokubili i-emphysema ne-bronchitis engapheli.
Ukubaluleka kanye nesimo se-COPD
I-COPD njengamanje icatshangwa ukuthi iyimbangela yokuqala yokufa e-United States . Ngesinye isikhathi i-COPD ibhekwa njengesifo somuntu, kodwa lokhu sekushintshe. Ngesikhathi samanje, kunabesifazane abaningi kunamadoda abafa ngo-COPD unyaka ngamunye.
Ngaphandle kokuthinta kakhulu impilo yabantu kanye ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo, i-COPD yandisa ingozi yezinye izifo ezifana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu nesifo senhliziyo.
Izimpawu ze-COPD
I-COPD ivame ukungabonakali (ngaphandle kwempawu) kuze kuvele umonakalo omkhulu kumaphaphu. I-COPD yisifo esiqhubekayo lapho abantu abaningi banenkinga lapho bengazinzile khona, behamba ngezinyathelo ezimbi (ukuwohloka) kwesifo. Izimpawu ezivamile zingabandakanya:
- Ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ngokuzivocavoca, yilona uphawu oluvame kakhulu.
- Ukuphikelela, ukukhwehlela nsuku zonke.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwe-sputum (ukukhwehlela i-phlegm) engacacile, emhlophe, ephuzi noma eluhlaza okombala.
- Ukushisa.
- Ukuqina kwesifuba
- I-Cyanosis (i-discoloration ye-bluish yezindebe kanye nemibhede yama-nail)
- Ukulahlekelwa isisindo (ngokuvamile sekwephuzile lesi sifo.)
Izimbangela Nezici Zengozi
Ezinye izimbangela zeCOPD zihlanganisa:
- Ukubhema kuyimbangela eyodwa yeCOPD. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-25 ababhemayo bazokhula ngezinga elithile le-COPD. Lokhu akubandakanyi kuphela ababhema ugwayi, kodwa labo ababhema ugwayi, amapayipi, kanye nensangu. Ngenkathi ingozi ihluka kubantu abahlukene, inhlanganisela yenombolo kagwayi ebhemayo ngelanga ephindwe iminyaka yokubhema (iminyaka-yepakethe) ihlobene eduze nengozi.
- Ukuvezwa kwemisebenzi yamakhemikhali kanye nezinto ezifana nodaka lwamalahle wamalahle namasilika.
- Ukungcoliswa komoya emoyeni, ikakhulukazi ukuvezwa kwemfucumfucu yokupheka nokushisa ezindaweni ezingenamoya.
- Ukungcola komoya wangaphandle.
- Ukulahlekelwa kwe-Alpha-1-antitrypsin i-disorder ezuzwe njengefa. Ukuntuleka kwe-Alpha-1-antitrypsin kubhekene namacala angu-100 kwe-COPD futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka eminyakeni encane kunaleyo ebangelwa ukubhema.
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo zamaphaphu ebuntwaneni.
- Inhlanganisela ye-asthma kanye nokubhema.
I-COPD ikhonjiswe kanjani?
Ukwenza ukuxilongwa kwe-COPD kusekelwe emlandweni oqaphileyo, ukuhlola ngokomzimba, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokuhlolwa nezifundo zokucabanga.
I-spirometry ivame ukubhekwa njenge "izinga legolide" ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa ( ngiyichaza kanjani ukuhlolwa kwami kwe-spirometry ?) Okunye ukuhlolwa kungase kuhlanganise nezinye izivivinyo zomsebenzi wamaphalenda, izilinganiso zegesi ezenziwe ngegazi, nesifo se-x-ray noma isifuba CT scan.
Izinkinga
Ezinye izinkinga ezingenzeka kubantu abane-COPD zihlanganisa:
- Izifo zokuphefumula (ngokuvamile ezibangele ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD).
- Isifo senhliziyo, njengoba amazinga aphansi e-oksijeni ebeka inhliziyo enhliziyweni.
- Umdlavuza we-Lung - I-COPD iyingozi yokuzibulala emdlavuza wamaphaphu, okusho ukuthi ababhemayo abane-bronchitis noma i-emphysema engavamile bangathola umdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabangabhemi abane-bronchitis noma i-emphysema engapheli.
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo.
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu we-pulmonary.
- Ukucindezeleka.
Ukwelashwa kwe-COPD
Iziqondiso zokuphathwa kwe-COPD zixhomeke esiteji nakwezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo. Ezinye zokwelapha zihlanganisa:
- Ukuyeka ukubhema kuyisinyathelo esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni lesi sifo. Nakuba ingeke iguqule umonakalo odlule, ingasiza ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
- Izikhukhula ze-Flu ne-pneumonia ukusiza ukuvimbela izifo.
- Imithi - Imithi ejwayelekile ye-COPD ihlanganisa ama-bronchodilator ama-short-acting, ama-bronchodilator asebenza isikhathi eside, ama-steroids angenayo, i-steroids yomlomo, i-phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, kanye nama-antibiotic. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuhlelwa zibe yizigaba ezimbili. Imithi yokondla esetshenziselwa nsuku zonke futhi ngokuqhubekayo ukuthi kukhona yini izimpawu noma cha. Imithi yokukhulula yizidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa uma izimpawu ziba nzima kakhulu, njengesikhathi sokucindezeleka.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-oksijeni - Uma izimpawu ziba nzima kakhulu, kungadingeka ukwelashwa okwenziwe nge-oxygen. Ngokujabulisayo kukhona manje izingxenye zokuphefumula ezingasetshenziswa kalula ezivumela abantu abaningi abane-COPD ukuba baphile ukuphila okunomthelela.
- Ukubuyiselwa kwamapulmonari n - Njenge-rehabilitation for nezinye izifo, ukuvuselelwa kwamaphalenda kungenza umehluko omkhulu kwabanye abantu abahlala neCOPD.
- Ukuphatha ikhwalithi ye-Indoor Air and Exposures - Ukugwema ukubhema komuntu wesimanje nezinye izinhlayiya eziyingozi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphatha i-COPD.
- Ukuhlinzwa Kwamafutha - Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlinzwa zingacatshangelwa i-COPD enzima. Ukuhlinzekwa kokunciphisa umthamo kungasetshenziselwa ukususa izicubu zamaphaphu ezilimele. E-COPD enamandla kakhulu, ukuguqulwa kwamaphaphu kunganconywa .
> Imithombo:
> I-American College of Chest Physicians. I-COPD. Kubuyekezwe 12/16.