Uma udokotela wakho ekutshele ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe i- emphysema , ungase uzibuze ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa.
I-Emphysema yindlela ye-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, noma i- COPD , ehilela ukulimala kwe- alveoli , ama-sac amancane emoyeni lapho kwenzeka khona ukushintshaniswa kwe-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide. Uma lokhu kulimala kwenzeka, kungenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
Wena nodokotela wakho ungakhathazeka uma unezibonakaliso noma izimpawu ze-emphysema njengokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela okungapheli (noma ngaphandle kokukhiqizwa kwe-sputum,) ukunciphisa ukuvivinywa kokuzivocavoca noma ukulahlekelwa isisindo esingalindelekile.
Ukubona ukuhlaselwa kwe-emphysema kuhilela ukuhlolisisa umsebenzi wakho wamaphaphu kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi awunazo ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu zakho. Ake sihlolisise ezinye zezivivinyo ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwe.
Umlando kanye noMzimba
Izimpawu zokuveza kanye nokuthola okwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba kunikeze udokotela wakho izinkomba zokuqala kunoma iyiphi inkinga yezempilo, i-emphysema ifakiwe.
Ngesikhathi uvakashela ihhovisi lakho, udokotela wakho uzokubuza imibuzo eminingi ephathelene nomlando wakho. Lokhu kuzobandakanya ukubuza mayelana nezimpawu ezivame kakhulu ezifana nalezi:
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo (noma ngaphandle kokukhwehlela isipulum)
- Ukuphefumula okusheshayo (i- tachypnea ) - Isilinganiso sokuphefumula esijwayelekile kubantu abadala siphefumula ngeminyaka engu-12 kuya ku-18 ngomzuzu
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
- Ikhono elincane lokuzivocavoca kunasekudlule
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo
- Ukunciphisa ukudla
- Ukushisa
- Ukulala okubi
- Ukucindezeleka
Uzophinde akubuze mayelana nezingozi zokuphefumula kwe-emphysema ezifana nokubhema, ukubhema komswakama , nokuchayeka ekhaya nasemisebenzini yamakhemikhali nezinye izinto.
Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ngenkathi i-emphysema ivame ukubangelwa ukubhema, abantu abangakaze babheme bangase bahlakulele lesi sifo.
Uzobuzwa futhi ngomlando womndeni wakho. Ezinye izimbangela ze-emphysema, njenge- alpha-1-antitrypsin ukuntuleka , zigijime emindenini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi ngabe kukhona amalungu emndenini wakho ayenomphefumulo kodwa akabhemi.
Emva kokuthatha umlando oqaphile, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Uzolalela amaphaphu akho, kodwa futhi ubuke ezinye izibonakaliso ze-emphysema njenge:
- Ukuphefumula okungavamile
- Isifuba somgqomo (Isibhokisi sesibhakela sibhekisela ekubholeni kwesifuba esingase senzeke ngenxa ye-hyperinflation yamaphaphu)
- Ukuhlukumeza ama-muscle
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo
- Ukuqoqa izinzipho zakho (Clubbing iyimpawu lapho ukuphela kweminwe kuthatha ukubonakala kwezipuni ezingaphansi)
- Ukusetshenziswa kwemisipha yokufinyelela - Uma abantu bezama kanzima ukuphefumula ngezifo zamaphaphu kuvamile ukubona ukukhishwa kwemisipha yentamo emzamweni wokuthola umoya ngaphezulu.
I-X-Ray yekhanda
I-x-ray yesifuba ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic yamapayipi, inhliziyo, imithanguzo emikhulu, izimbambo, kanye ne-diaphragm. I-x-ray yesifuba ingenziwa encwadini ye-radiology, ehhovisi likadokotela noma emgodini wakho wokulala uma usesibhedlela.
Udokotela wakho uzokwenza i-x-ray yesifuba sokuqala ukuze amsize afinyelele ukuxilongwa kwe-emphysema, bese kuthi phakathi kwesikhashana ukwelashwa kwakho ukuqaphe intuthuko yakho. Ngama-ray ray, ama-lung emphysematous abheka i-hyper Lucent ngamamaki ajwayelekile avela emithanjeni yegazi engeyona evelele. Ama-diaphragms aphinde avele ahlaziyekile ngenxa ye-hyperinflation yamaphaphu (aqhubekela phansi emgqonyeni.) Ngeshwa, izinguquko kuma-x ray azivame ukubonakala kuze kube yilapho isifo siningi kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, kuzokwenziwa isitifiketi se-CT, kokubili ukusiza ekuxilongweni nasekulawuleni ezinye izimo ezingabangela izimpawu ezifana nemdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Umsebenzi wePulmonary Uvivinyo
Ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yamapulmonary (PFTs) kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe umsebenzi wamaphaphu futhi kunqume izinga lokulimala emaphashini.
Kulezi ziguli ezine-emphysema, kungase kube nokwanda kwamandla okuphazamisa amathaphu (TLC), isibalo somoya ongaphefumula emva kokuthatha umoya ojulile kunokwenzeka kodwa ukwehla emandleni amandla (isibalo somoya esingagxiliswa noma sokukhipha umoya kusuka emaphashini) kanye nevolumu yokuphefumula okuphoqelelwe (FEV), inani eliphakeme lemimoya engakwazi ukukhipha (ngokuvamile isamba esiphezulu esingagudluzwa ngomzuzwana owodwa). Ukuhlukana kwamandla kungenye yokulinganisa okubalulekile. Ihlola ukuthi i-oksijeni iphika kanjani kahle kusukela e-alveoli kuya egazini (ama-capillaries) nokuthi i-carbon dioxide iphika kahle kangakanani egazini ukuya e-alveoli ukuze ikhishwe.
I-Spirometry yilingo olulula oluvame ukucubungula ukuqapha imphysema. Ilinganisa inani nokuthi ungashesha kanjani ukuphefumula futhi uphefumule.
Olunye uhlolo oluthiwa i- Lung plethysmography lungenziwa futhi ukuze kunqume amandla akho okuhlala okusebenzayo , inani lomoya elishiye emaphashini emva kokuthatha umoya ovamile. Kuvame ukusetshenziswa uma ukuxilongwa kungenakuqinisekiswa ukuze kuhlukaniswe izifo ezivimbela izifo zamaphaphu .
Yonke yale migomo idideka, kepha ukuqonda isifo sakho kubalulekile kudokotela wakho ukuchaza ukuthi bangubani nokuthi bakusho ukuthini. Ukuqonda lapho lezi zinombolo zikhona ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa kungakusiza uqonde ukuthi izimpawu zakho ziyathuthuka noma ziba nzima kakhulu emva kokwelashwa.
Amagesi Egazi Amandla
Ama-blood gases ase-Arterial (ABGs) ayenziwa ngokuthatha igazi emthonjeni, njengomshini we-radial esihlalweni sakho noma umthambo wakho wesifazane endaweni yakho.
Lokhu kuhlola kulinganisa inani le-oksijeni ne-carbon dioxide egazini futhi kukuvumela wena nodokotela wakho wazi nge-acidity (i-pH) yegazi lakho.
I-ABG ingasetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuxilonga ubuhlungu besifo sakho kanye nokuphendula kokwelashwa.
Gcwalisa i-Blood Count
Inani eliphelele legazi (i-CBC) lihlolwa ngegazi elingasetshenziswa ukusiza ukuhlonza i-emphysema kanye nokuphatha izimo ezihlukahlukene.
I-CBC ivame ukuqhutshwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho kokuqala bese uhlola ngezikhathi ezithile isimo sakho.
Udokotela wakho cishe uzohlola i-CBC yakho kaningi, ngoba lena yindlela eyodwa yokubona ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka. Njengoba ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu kanye ne-emphysema kungase kube nezimpawu ezifanayo, lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuba anqume ukuthi ngabe iziphi izimpawu onakho zihlobene ne-COPD yakho noma uma, kunalokho, ungase ube nesifo esiphuthumayo i-COPD yakho.
I-Emphysema Diagnosis
Ukubaluleka kokuxilongwa kokuqala kwe-emphysema akukwazi ukugcizelela kakhulu. Nakuba i-emphysema ingaphenduliwanga ngencazelo, ukwelashwa kokuqala kwe-emphysema nokuqapha ngokucophelela kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo futhi kuthuthukise izinga lakho lokuphila.
> Imithombo
> Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Izimiso zikaHarrison zeMithi yangaphakathi. I-New York: Imfundo ye-Mc Graw-Hill, 2015. Phrinta.
I-National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Institute. I-COPD. Ukuxilongwa. Kubuyekezwe 04/28/17.