I-ADI-R ingenye yezivivinyo ezibalulekile ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-autism.
I-Autism Diagnostic Interview-Ebuyekeziwe, eyaziwa kangcono njenge-ADI-R, iyisethi yemibuzo yokuxoxwa enikezwa abazali bezingane ezincane ezinezimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-autism noma i-autism spectrum disorder. Imibuzo kufanele ithathe cishe amaminithi angu-90 noma ngaphezulu ukuphatha.
Iyini ngempela i-ADI-R?
Ngokusho kwewebhusayithi ye-Autism Genetic Research Exchange (AGRE):
Le ngxoxo iqukethe izinto ezingu-93 futhi igxile ekuziphatheni ezindaweni eziqukethwe ezintathu noma ezizindeni: ikhwalithi yokuxhumana komphakathi (isib. Ukwabelana ngokomzwelo, ukunikela nokufuna induduzo, ukumomotheka komphakathi nokuphendula kwezinye izingane); ukukhulumisana nolulwimi (isb., ukukhuluma okushiwo, ukuguqulwa kwesimemezelo, ukusetshenziswa komphakathi kolwazi); nokuphindaphindiwe, nokuvinjelwa kanye nokuziphatha okufakiwe (isib. ukukhathazeka okungavamile, izindlela zomuntu nezandla, izithakazelo ezingavamile). Lesi silinganiso sihlanganisa nezinye izinto eziphathelene nokuhlela ukwelashwa, njengokuzilimaza kanye nokusebenza okuningi.
Ukuhlolwa kubuza imibuzo emibili kanye neyodwa. Isibonelo, abazali babuzwa ngamakhono okukhulumisana kwengane yabo ngokubhekisela ngokukhethekile ezihlokweni ezifana nokukhomba , ukukhanda ikhanda, njalonjalo. Kokubili ukukhulumisana okunamazwi nokukhuluma okungenamazwi kanye namakhono omphakathi kunenzuzo, ngokubhekisele esikhathini sokuzalwa kwengane.
Iziqephu zenziwa ezindaweni zokuxhumana nolimi, ukuxhumana komphakathi, nokuvinjelwa noma ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe. Amaphesenti aphezulu akhombisa ukulibaziseka okuthuthukayo. Ngokusho kwe-AGRE:
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-autism kunikelwa uma izibalo kuzo zonke izindawo zokuxhumana ezintathu, ukuxhumana komphakathi, namaphethini wokuziphatha zihlangana noma zidlulise ama-cutoffs ecacisiwe, futhi ukuqala kwesiyaluyalu kubonakala izinyanga ezingu-36 ubudala. ... Isibalo esiphelele se-cutoff sokukhulumisana nesizinda solimi siyi-8 yezihloko zomlomo kanye no-7 ngezihloko ezingenayo. Kuzo zonke izifundo, i-cutoff ye-domain yokuxhumana yomphakathi ingu-10, futhi ukuhlukunyezwa kokuziphatha okukhawulelwe nokuphindaphindiwe kungu-3.
Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo okufanele zisetshenziswe ukuze zihlolwe i-Autism?
Yiqiniso, i-ADI-R akumele ibe yilawo kuphela ithuluzi lokuhlola elisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-autism spectrum diagnosis - kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe ahlolisise ingane yakho. Izivivinywa ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukulibaziseka kanye nezimpawu ezinganeni ngokwazo zihlanganisa i-ADOS Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale kanye noHlola Lokuhlola Lwe-Autism In Toddlers (CHAT).
Okufanelekile, empeleni, ukuxilongwa kwe-autism akufanele kubandakanye umuntu oyedwa kodwa iqembu. Amalungu wethimba kufanele afake udokotela wezingane (okungukuthi umuntu onomsebenzi okhethekile ekuthuthukisweni kwentuthuko), isazi sezengqondo , inkulumo nomlimi wezilwane , kanye ne- therapis t yomsebenzi . Lezi zingcweti zingaqhuba uhla lwezinhlolovo ezibheke izinhlobo ezithile zezinselele kanye nokuziphatha okuzobonisa i-autism (ngokuphambene noma ngokungeziwe kwezinye, izifo ezihlobene no-ADHD, i-Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, ukukhathazeka komphakathi noma ukukhathazeka komphakathi ).
Indlela Yokubeka Ukuhlolwa Kwengane Yakho
Ezimweni eziningi, unezinketho ezimbalwa zokuhlola. Ungakhetha ukuqala nodokotela wezingane, ongase akwazi ukutusa umtholampilo we-autism noma isikhungo lapho ingane yakho ingahlolwa khona.
Ungase ukhethe futhi ukusebenza ngesifunda sakho sesikole. Isifunda siyadingeka ukuba ukhokhele ukuhlolwa okuthile, futhi singanikeza ochwepheshe abangewona wezokwelapha ezifana nomuntu okhuluma ulimi lomlomo kanye nomuthi wokusebenza ukuze ahlole ingane yakho. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula, noma kunjalo, ukuthi ukuhlolwa okuzimele kungasiza uma uqala ukusebenza nesikole ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwezemfundo nolwazi lwezokwelapha.
Izinsiza:
S. Ozonoff, S., BL Goodlin-Jones, et al. "Ukuhlolwa okusekelwe ebufakazini be-autism spectrum ukuphazamiseka ezinganeni nasebancane." I-Journal ye-Clinical Child ne-Adolescent Psychology 34 (3): 523-540, 2005.
Anne Le Couteur, Catherine Lord, uMichael Rutter. I-Autism Diagnostic Interview-I-Revised (ADI-R) , i-Western Psychological Services, 2003