Igama elithi exanthem lisho ukuqhuma kwesikhumba okuqhuma noma okuqhakaza. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuqhuma okwenyuka phezu komzimba, ukulinganisa, nokubomvu ngamacules noma amaphepha, kodwa ngaphandle kwezilinganiso. Ama-exanthems avame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka kwamagciwane noma amabhaktheriya. Zingahle zibangelwe izidakamizwa, i-toxins, noma izifo ezizimele. Ukuqhuma kungase kungabi khona.
Ama-exanthems abangelwa ama-virus noma amabhaktheriya ngokuvamile ayingxenye yokugula kwesistimu nge-fever, malaise, kanye nekhanda. Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba kubangelwa ukusabela komzimba ku-toxin eyenziwa yizinto eziphilayo ezithinta umzimba, noma ukuphendula kwegciwane lomzimba umzimba uqhubekela emzimbeni noma umonakalo owenziwe esikhumbeni.
Igama elithi exanthem noma i-exanthema livela egameni lesiGreki elisho ukuthi "ukuphuma." Ngokuphambene negama elithi enanthem noma enanthema, okuyi-rash on the membranes.
Ukubona ama-Exanthems
Ukushona okungazelelwe, okusabalalisa, ikakhulukazi nge-fever kanye ne-malaise kuyimbangela yokuvakashela udokotela noma umtholampilo wokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo, njengoba ezinye izimbangela zidinga ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni. Ngenxa yalesi sifo, bavame ukuxilongwa odokotela bokunakekelwa okuyinhloko noma abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.
Izinqwaba eziningi ze-exanthem zinokubukeka okujwayelekile okusiza ngokuhlukana kokuhlukana kwesifo noma inqubo okuyibangela.
Kuyingxenye yokuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha ukuqaphela lezi zindlela zokukhwabanisa. Kodwa ukuqinisekiswa kungafaka phakathi ukuthatha i-swab yokuhlolwa kwegciwane noma ukubonakala kwe-PCR. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa ukuze ubukeke ama-antibodies kumagciwane athile namagciwane. I-DNA probes nayo ingabonisa amanxusa asolwa.
Ukubalwa komlando kwama-Exanthems
Ama-exanthems ayejwayele ukubalwa ngokulandelana ngokusekelwe kokubukeka kwawo komlando kanye nencazelo.
- Isifo sokuqala - isirabelisi, ikakhulukazi i-rubeola, ebangelwa i-mesbrivirbrivirus.
- Isifo sesibili - umkhuhlane omnyama, okwenzeka ngemuva kokutheleleka kwe-Streptococcus pyrogens (i-group A streptococcus). Lokhu kungahle kube khona ukutheleleka komphimbo, umgwaqo we-strep.
- Isifo sesithathu - i-rubella noma isisindo seJalimane, esibangelwa igciwane le-rubella.
- Isifo sesine - "Isifo" se-Dukes "(mhlawumbe i-coxsackievirus noma ukutheleleka kwe-echovirus)
- Isifo sesihlanu - i-erythema infectiosum, ebangelwa i-parvovirus B19.
- Izifo eziyisithupha - i- roseola infantum , ebangelwa i-herpesviruses HHV-6 ne-HHV-7.
Ubuntwana obude
I-chickenpox (i-varicella zoster virus), izimpungushe, kanye nomkhuhlane ovamile kukhona ama-exanthems abonakala kubantwana, kanye nalawa okuvela ohlwini lwasendulo: imashubhu, rubella, roseola, i-erythema infectiosum. Eziningi zazo zingavinjelwa ngemigomo.
Ama-Exanthems angaphezu kwe-Viral nama-bacterium
Ama-exanthems angama-viral angaphezu kwalawo afakwe ohlwini afaka igciwane lesandulela ngculazi (i-HIV) isifo saso sokutheleleka. Isikhumba esiphelile manje sakhishwa i-exanthem. I-virus yesifo sofuba nesifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa yi-Epstein-Barr virus ingakhipha i-exanthem.
Ukutheleleka kwama-bacteria okwenza ukuqhuma okusabalalisa kufaka phakathi izifo ezimbili ezinkulu- Staphylococcus toxin nezifo ezithathelwanayo nge- Streptococcal i-toxin kuhlanganise nesifo se-shock syndrome kanye nomkhuhlane omnyama.
I-Mycoplasma pneumonia, isifo se-Kawasaki, nezifo ze-rickettsial zingabangela lezi ziphuphutheki.
I-Treatmebt
Ukwelashwa kusekelwe ekuphatheni isifo esiyisisekelo, ezinye zazo ezisongela impilo kepha ezinye zazo zidinga kuphela ukunakekelwa okusekelayo noma ukuzivimbela. Ukwelashwa ukunciphisa umkhuhlane kuvame ukwenza. Ama-creams anganikezwa ukuze anciphise ukuchithwa uma ukuqhuma kungabonakali.