I-glioblastoma, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-glioblastoma multiforme, i-GBM, noma i- astrocytoma yebanga lesine, ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu nezihlukumezayo zezinambuzane zobuchopho, okwenza amaphesenti angaba ngu-50 azo zonke izinhlobo ze-gliomas.
Ziyini Izimpawu Ze-GBM?
Ngenkathi i-GBM ivela ngemva kweminyaka yobudala engama-50, ingase ivele kubantu abasha, kubangelwa ukuphathwa ikhanda, ukuhlukunyezwa, kanye nezinkinga eziphathelene negazi ezinjengezinkinga zokukhuluma noma izinguquko zengqondo.
Ezinye izimpawu ze-glioblastoma zihlanganisa ubuthakathaka, ukunganaki, izinguquko zombono, nezinguquko zomuntu. Lezi zimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu besisu nesendaweni.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-GBM Ngokushesha Kanjani?
Amaseli omdlavuza we-GBM asakazeka ngokushesha. Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngobuchopho ngokusebenzisa ubuchopho ngaphandle komngcele ocacile, okwenze kube nzima uma kungenakwenzeka ukususa ngokuphelele ukuhlinzwa. Isikhathi esivela emabonakalweni okuqala sokufa cishe cishe ngonyaka, nakuba lokhu kuhluka kancane phakathi kwabantu ngabanye. Cishe amaphesenti angu-25 abantu angaphila iminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu ngokuphathwa.
Yini eyenza i-GBM?
I-Glioblastoma multiforme, njengezo zonke izicubu, kubangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kweseli okungalungile. Kulesi simo, amangqamuzana angama-glial avame ukuzungeza futhi avikele amangqamuzana omzimba wengqondo ebucayi ngaphandle kokuvimbela. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuguqulwa kokuthi izakhi zofuzo ezisetjenziswa kanjani-ngokwesibonelo, amangqamuzana angase akhulise ukukhulumisana kwegciwane ezindaweni ezifana ne-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) noma ukulahlekelwa kwesiguli sokucindezela i-tumor njenge-PTEN.
Ezinye izinguquko zifaka i-MDM2 ne-RB gene.
Odokotela baqaphela kanjani i-GBM?
Uma isiguli sinamabonakaliso asolisayo, odokotela bavame ukuhleleka ukuhlolwa kwe-neuroimaging njengendlela yokuhlola i- MRI yobuchopho. Ku-MRI, i-GBM inebukeka obungavamile, ngokuvamile ephethe indawo ephakathi kwezicubu ezifile noma isisu, nendawo ekhanyayo eseduze ne-tumor ethuthukisa ukungafani kwe-gadolinium.
Lokhu okungavamile kungacindezela kwezinye izakhiwo zobuchopho futhi kuphazamise isakhiwo esijwayelekile sobuchopho.
Ngenkathi ezinye izinto zingase zibe nalokhu kubonakala kwi-MRI, udokotela okhathazekile cishe uzama ukuhlela ukuthi i-neurosurgeon ithathe ucezu lwalezi zicubu ezingavamile ebuchosheni. Izicubu zingabuyekezwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope, lapho ezobonisa khona inamba ephezulu yamaseli ahlukanisayo esimweni esithi "pseudopalisading" iphethini, okusho ukuthi amaseli abonakala ehlanganisiwe. Lokhu kungenzeka kuhlobene nokufa kwe-cell, njengoba ukubunjwa kwabo kuseduze nezindawo zezicubu ezifile ezibonwa ku-GBM ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
I-GBM ingasetshenziswa kanjani?
I-GBM inonya futhi iphikisana nemithi eminingi. Ngokuvamile umgomo walezi zokwelapha ukwedlula ukwehlisa izimpawu nokukhulisa impilo kunokuba uphulukise ngokuphelele lesi sifo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-glioblastoma multiforme ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi izingxenye ezintathu:
- Ukuhlinzwa -Izidakamizwa zisusa isifo esinzima ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokulimaza izindawo ezinempilo zobuchopho.
- I-Chemotherapy -Medicines inikezwa ukuzama ukukhomba amangqamuzana omzimba. I-Temozolamide noma inhlanganisela ye-procarbazine, i-lomustine, ne-vincristine yizinye zezokwelapha ezivame kakhulu.
- Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa -Ukuqokwa okulethwe ebuchosheni kungabulala amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuhilela ukulawula imisebe engxenyeni ethile engxenyeni eyodwa yobuchopho, kunokuba irradize lonke ubuchopho njengoba kuvame kakhulu kwezinye izicubu zesimiso.
Ngemuva kwazo zonke lezi zelashwa, abantu abaye babhekana ne-GBM bayalandelwa ukuze babone ukuthi i-tumor ibuya yini. Esikhathini esiningi, ngeshwa, i-GBM ibuya. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kungacelwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe icala. Ngenxa yokuthi i-GBM ihlukumezekile futhi ngoba ukwelashwa okukhona kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, ukuphathwa kwalo mdlavuza kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuhilela ukusebenza eduze nomchwepheshe wezinzwa kanye neurosurgeon.
Imithombo:
I-Omuro, i-LM DeAngelis: I-Glioblastoma namanye ama-glioma amabi: ukubuyekezwa komtholampilo. I-JAMA: iphephandaba le-American Medical Association . (2013) 310: 1842-1850.
H Ropper, MA Samuels. Adams kanye Nemigomo kaVictor ye-Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.