I-Chemotherapy yeCanscer

I-Chemotherapy yeCanscer

I-Chemotherapy ivame ukusetshenziswa njengokwelashwa komdlavuza, kodwa igama elithi "chemo" yedwa lingabangela ukwesaba. Iyini ngempela imithi ye-chemotherapy, nini futhi kanjani isetshenziswe, futhi yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona? Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ubuze ngayo udokotela wakho? Nakuba i-chemotherapy ingaqhubeka ibe yinselele, ukuphathwa kwemiphumela emibi eminingi esaba kakhulu kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.

Kuthiwa ukuthi ulwazi namandla.

Sithemba ukuthi le ngxoxo izokushiya uzizwa unamandla uma ubhekene nale ngxenye yohambo lwakho lomdlavuza.

Kuyini i-Chemotherapy?

I-Chemotherapy uhlobo lomuthi wokwelapha osebenzisa imithi yokwelapha umdlavuza. Kungase kuthiwa yi- cytotoxic chemotherapy, negama elithi 'cytotoxic' elibhekisela ekutheni le mithi iyingozi kakhulu (kubangela ukufa) kumangqamuzana omdlavuza. Akuyona yonke imithi yomdlavuza ebizwa ngokuthi yi-chemotherapy.

• Izindlela Zokunciphisa Ingozi Yokungenwa Ngesifo Ngenkathi Ye-Chemotherapy

• Ingabe Nginakho Yini Engingayenza Ngama-Acid Refidx Phakathi Nekhemotherapy?

Isibonelo, izidakamizwa ezihlosiwe, i- immunotherapy , kanye nokwelashwa kwama-hormone yizindlela ezahlukene zokwelashwa ezinganikezwa njengesidakamizwa.

Iseli iba ngumdlavuza lapho ukuqoqwa kwezinguquko (ukulimala ku-DNA) kubangela ukuthi kuzalwe futhi kuhlukaniswe ukulawula. Imithi ye-Chemotherapy isebenza ngokuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa okuvamile nokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli amangqamuzana akhula ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amagciwane akhula ngokushesha (ngokuhlukumeza) avame ukuphendula kahle kumakhemikhali. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izicubu ezikhula kancane, njengezinye izinhlobo ze-lymphoma, aziphenduli kahle, noma nhlobo, kulezi zindlela zokwelapha.

Amanye amangqamuzana avamile emzimbeni wethu ahlukana ngokushesha, njengalezo ezinwele zezinwele, umnkantsha wamathambo, kanye nomgudu wokugaya.

Lokhu kulandisa ngemiphumela emibi ye-chemo yezinwele zokulahleka, ukucindezelwa komnyoba we-bone kanye nesicashu.

Kungani i-Chemotherapy?

Ukuze uqonde kangcono inhloso ye-chemotherapy nokuthi kungani isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukwelashwa komdlavuza ngezindlela ezimbili ezahlukene: ukwelapha kwendawo kanye nesistimu (umzimba wonke). Izindlela zokwelapha zendawo, ezifana nokuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzwa kanye nokwelapha imisebe, phatha umdlavuza lapho uqala khona. I-chemotherapy-kanye nezindlela ezihlosiwe zokwelapha kanye ne-immunotherapy-kunalokho kubhekwa ukwelashwa okuhleliwe. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zikhuluma namangqamuzana omdlavuza okhona nanoma kuphi emzimbeni, hhayi nje indawo yokuqala yomdlavuza.

Uma umdlavuza usakaze ngaphesheya kwendawo yawo yokuqala (uma unomzimba ) noma uma kunethuba lokuthi usakazekile, ukwelashwa okuhleliwe okufana nokwamakhemikhali kuyadingeka. Lokhu kungachazwa kangcono ngesibonelo. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele kungasusa isisu esiswini. Kodwa uma noma yimaphi amangqamuzana asakaze ngaphezu kwesifuba kuya kwamalungu omzimba noma ezinye izitho-ngisho noma amaseli ambalwa kuphela asakaze kodwa angakabonakali okwamanje ngokuhlinzwa-ukukhishwa akukwazi ukususa lawo maseli kanye ne-chemotherapy kuvame ukudingwa.

Amanqamu asekelwe egazini afana ne-leukemia akhona emangqamuzaneni ahamba kuwo wonke umzimba, ngakho-ke imithi yokwelapha yodwa isetshenziswa njalo.

Ngabe i-Chemotherapy inikezwa nini?

I-Chemotherapy inganikezwa ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene futhi ngezinhloso eziningana ezihlukahlukene. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uqonde injongo ngqo ye-chemotherapy njengengxenye yomuthi wakho wokwelapha. Empeleni, ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwathola ukuthi iziguli kanye nodokotela bavame ukuhluka ekuqondeni kwabo kule migomo. Inhloso ye-chemotherapy ingaba:

• Ukwelashwa okunokwelapha: Nge-cancer ehlobene negazi, njenge-leukemia, i-chemotherapy ivame ukunikezwa ngenhloso yokwelapha umdlavuza. Njengoba ukwelapha ukwelapha, ukwelashwa kwakho kungase kuphulwe zibe yi-induction chemotherapy, okuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwelapha, okulandelwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-chemotherapy, elandela.
  
• I-Adjuvant chemotherapy: I- Chemotherapy inganikezwa njengokwelashwa kwe-adjuvant-okungukuthi, kanye nezinye izifo zomdlavuza. Isibonelo esivamile salezi zindlela lapho i-chemotherapy isetshenziselwa abantu abanesifo somdlavuza webele webele esifubeni esingaqala noma esingasakazeki kuma-lymph nodes, kodwa asakazeki kwezinye izitho emzimbeni. Kulesi sibonelo, i-chemotherapy isetshenziselwa indlela yokuqeda noma yiliphi amangqamuzana omzimba ahamba ngaphesheya kwesifuba, kodwa alitholakali okwamanje ekufundeni kwe-imaging etholakalayo. I-Micrometastases yigama ongase uzwe elichaza imetastase engaba khona kepha ayitholakali okwamanje.
  

• I-Neoadjuvant chemotherapy: I- Chemotherapy inganikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze igweme isisu ngokwanele ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa. Isibonelo, i-neoadjuvant chemotherapy inganikezwa umuntu onomdlavuza ongaphazamiseki emaphashini ukuze anciphise ubukhulu bomdlavuza ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa.
  
• Ukwandisa impilo: I- Chemotherapy ivame ukusetshenziselwa izicubu eziqinile ukuze kwandiswe isikhathi sokuphila, kodwa ngaphandle kokukwazi ukwelapha umdlavuza. Ngomdlavuza ophindaphindiwe noma umdlavuza oye wakha kabusha, ukwelashwa akuvamile ukuthi kwenzeke, kepha ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali kungakwandisa ukusinda okuphelele noma isikhathi kuze kuqhume isisu ( ukusinda okungaqhubeki okuqhubekayo ).
  
• Ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali: Ngemuva kokwelapha kokuqala nge-chemotherapy, ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa nge-chemotherapy kunganikezwa ukusiza ukugcina ukuxolelwa komdlavuza noma ukuvimbela umdlavuza okhona. Ngezokwelapha zokwelashwa, ukulinganisa kwezidakamizwa ezisetshenzisiwe kuvame ukuba ngaphansi kwalabo abanikezwa ngesikhathi samakhemikhali okuqala.
  
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Palliative: I- Chemotherapy nayo inganikezwa njengokwelashwa okunamafutha (i- chemotherapy ene-palliative ). Kulesi silungiselelo, i-chemotherapy isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izimpawu ezibangelwa umdlavuza, kodwa hhayi ngenhloso yokwelapha umdlavuza. Lokhu kubuye kuthiwa ngezinye izikhathi ngokuthi 'salvage chemotherapy.'

• Amathiphu Okubhekana Ne-Metallic Taste Phakathi neKhemotherapy

• Ingabe Ngizolahlekelwa Isisindo Ngesikhathi I-Chemotherapy?

I-Chemotherapy inikezwa kanjani?

I-Chemotherapy inganikezwa ngezindlela eziningana ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi imithi ethile. Izindlela zihlanganisa:

• Injected Injected (IV): Izidakamizwa eziningi ze-chemotherapy zinikezwa nge-intravenously. Iningi lalezi zidakamizwa alinakunikwa ngomlomo njengoba zizophulwa yi-enzymes yokugaya, noma ziyoba ne-toxic emithonjeni yegciwane lokugaya. Imithi ye-IV inganikezwa nge-peripheral IV noma umugqa ophakathi (bheka ukukhetha ngezansi).
  
• Umjovo we-intramuscular (IM): Izijovo ze-IM zithumela izidakamizwa zibe yimisipha, njengebhola le-tetanus.
  
• Inject subcutaneous (SubQ): I- SubQ injection inikezwa ngenaliti encane nje ngaphansi kwesikhumba, njengohlolo lwe-TB.
  
• Inject ye-intrathecal: I- intrathecal chemotherapy iyindlela lapho izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy zihanjiswa khona ngqo ku- cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) egeza ubuchopho nomgogodla. Imithi eminingi yomdlavuza ayihambisani ne- blood-brain-barrier -a membrane ezungeze ubuchopho obuvimbela ukufinyelela kwayo ezinobuthi. Ukuze ukhethe amangqamuzana omdlavuza okwamanje ebuchosheni, inaliti ifakwe ngqo kule ndawo ngenqubo efana nephepheni lomgogodla. Ngezinye izikhathi -fana nomugqa oyinhloko ekwelapheni kwe-IV- igabha libekwa ngaphansi kwe-scalp (i- Ommaya reservoir ) ukuvumela ukujova okuphindaphindiwe kwe-intrathecal. I-intrathecal chemotherapy ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza osakazekile kwi-CSF noma ukuvimbela umdlavuza ukusakazeka kwi-CSF.
  
• Umjovo we-intraperitoneal: Ngama- chemotherapy we-intraperitoneal , ama-chemotherapy agents ajojelwa ngqo emgodini we-peritoneal, umgodi ophethe izitho eziningi zamathumbu.
  
• Ukwelashwa komlomo: Ezinye imithi inganikezwa njengephilisi, i-capsule, noma i-liquid.

Indlela entsha yokubhala imithi yokwelapha i-chemotherapy iwukuba ngokunamathiselwe kwabo kwezidakamizwa ezingakwazi ukuzithwala ngokuqondile emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza. Lolu hlobo lwe- immunotherapy , olubizwa ngokuthi i- conjugated antiocbodyal anti-therapy , luqukethe imithi ehlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kokubili kokusungulwa kwe- monoclonal antibody kanye nezidakamizwa zamakhemikhali. I-anti-monoglonal antibody iyakuthola futhi ixhumeke kumathrekhi athile omdlavuza. Esinye esitholakala, "ukukhokha" kwayo-isifo samakhemikhali-sithunyelwa ngqo kumakhalekhukhwini wesifo somdlavuza.

I-Chemotherapy engenayo i-Intravenous: I-Peripheral IV vs. i-Port vs. i-PICC vs. i-CVC ene-Tunnel

Umbuzo owodwa ongase ubhekane nawo uma une-chemotherapy ye-IV kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unalezo zokwelapha ngokusebenzisa i-IV-IV-i-IV ebeka esandleni sakho noma ngesandla-noma nge- catheter eyinhloko ye-venous (CVC).

Nge-IV ye-peripheral IV, umhlengikazi wakho we-chemotherapy uzofaka i-IV engalo yakho ekuqaleni kokumnika ngamunye bese uyisusa ekugcineni. I-catheter ephakathi kwe-venous ifakwe ngaphambi kokuba iqale i-chemotherapy futhi ihlale ishiywe endaweni yonke yokwelapha. Kunezingozi nezinzuzo zendlela ngayinye yalezi zindlela , nakuba ngezinye izikhathi umgudu oyinhloko kunesidingo (isibonelo, ngezidakamizwa zamakhemikhali ecasula emithanjeni).

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zemigqa ephakathi. I- portotherapy , noma i-port-o-cath, i-plastic pocket noma i-metal receptacle ebeka ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho, ngokuvamile esesifubeni sakho. Okunamathiselwe kulolu catheter olufakwe emgodini omkhulu eduze nenhliziyo yakho. Lezi zifakwe ekamelweni lokusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo eziyinyumba mhlawumbe ngesonto noma ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokukhipha kwakho kuqala. Ichweba lingakunikeza inaliti ephindaphindiwe yezinsiza ze-peripheral IV futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukudweba igazi nokunikeza igazi.

Umzila we- PICC ufakwe emgodini ojulile engalweni yakho futhi ungasetshenziselwa amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwamasonto amaningi. Uma imithanjeni yakho ibonakaliswe kusuka kumakhemikhali, noma encane kakhulu kumgqa we-PICC ukuthi ifakwe, i- CVC ene-tunnele yindlela yesithathu kwabanye abantu. Kule nqubo, i-catheter ikhonjiswe ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ngokuvamile esesifubeni sakho, futhi i-catheter ifakwe emgodini omkhulu njengenetha noma umugqa we-PICC.

Ziningi kangakanani i-Chemotherapy enikeziwe?

I-Chemotherapy ivame ukunikezwa ngezikhathi eziningana, ihlukaniswe isikhathi esithile (ngokuvamile amaviki amabili kuya kwamathathu). Njengoba i-chemotherapy ithatha amangqamuzana asemaceleni okuhlukaniswa kwamaseli, futhi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asezindaweni ezahlukene zokuphumula nokuhlukanisa, imijikelezo ephindaphindiwe ivumela ithuba elikhulu lokuphatha amangqamuzana amaningi omdlavuza ngangokunokwenzeka. Isikhathi sesikhathi phakathi kweseshini sizohlukahluka kuye ngezidakamizwa, kodwa kuvame ukuhlelwa ngesikhathi lapho inani lakho legazi kulindeleke ukuba libuyele evamile.

Ukuhlanganiswa Chemotherapy

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene ze-chemotherapy-okubizwa ngokuthi i- chemotherapy ehlangene- ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza, kunokuba kube nomuthi owodwa kuphela. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni akuzona zonke endaweni efanayo ekukhuleni. Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezithinta umjikelezo weseli ngamaphuzu ahlukene ekuphindaphindeni kanye nokwahlukana kwamaseli kwandisa ithuba lokuthi amaningi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akwazi ukuphathwa. Ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yemithi kungavumela odokotela ukuba basebenzise ama-agent angamanani aphansi, kunokuba kube nomthamo ophakeme we-agent eyodwa, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise uketshezi lokwelapha.

Ama-acronyms avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuchaza izinqubo zamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, i- BEACOPP iyi-regimen yemithi eyisikhombisa esetshenziselwa ekwelapheni i-lodphoma ye-Hodgkin's.

Izigaba ze-Chemotherapy Izidakamizwa

Kunezinhlobo eziningana noma izinhlobo zemithi yokwelashwa, okuhlukahluka kokubili endleleni abasebenza ngayo (izindlela) nalapho basebenza khona (yingxenye ye umjikelezo weseli.) Ezinye izidakamizwa zisebenza kwenye yezine izigaba eziyisisekelo zokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli, kuyilapho abanye- okuthiwa izidakamizwa ezingezona ezithize- zingasebenza emaphuzu amaningi. Ezinye zalezi zigaba zemithi zihlanganisa:

Ama-alkylating Agents: Lesi yisigaba esivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu izidakamizwa zamakhemikhali. Ziyizidakamizwa ezingekho ngqo ezilimaza ngqo i-DNA futhi zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-kansela. Izibonelo zifaka i-Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) ne-Myleran (busulfan).

I-Antimetabolites: Ngokulula, lezi zidakamizwa zisebenza ngokuzenza sengathi zingumthombo wezondlo zeseli. Amaseli e-Cancer athatha lezi zidakamizwa esikhundleni sezakhi zomzimba futhi empeleni abulawa yindlala. Izibonelo zifaka i-Navelbine (vinorelbine), i-VP-16 (etoposide), ne-Gemzar (gemcitabine).

I-Plant Alkaloids: Leli klasi lihlanganisa izidakamizwa ezitholakala emithonjeni yezitshalo. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-Cosmegen (i-dactinomycin) ne-Mutamycin (mitomycin).

I-Antitumor Antibiotics: Ama-antibiotic a- Antitumor ahluke ezinhlotsheni zama-antibiotics asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezifo zamagciwane. Lezi zidakamizwa zisebenza ngokuvimbela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuba abelethe (ngakho-ke, gcina izicubu zingakhula). Izibonelo zifaka i-Adriamycin (doxorubicin) ne-Cerubidine (daunorubicin).

Kungani I-Chemotherapy Ingakhambi I-Cancer Ngaso sonke isikhathi?

Njengoba i-chemotherapy ingakwazi ukunciphisa ngempumelelo ubukhulu besisu, kungase kudideke ukuze uzame ukuthi kungani kungavami ukwelapha umdlavuza (izicubu eziqinile) ezisakazekile. Inkinga yukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza athola izindlela zokukhipha izidakamizwa emva kwesikhathi. Ama-oncologists abhekisela kulokhu njengesifo esiwumkhuhlane oqhubekayo . Yingakho ukuhlanganiswa okuhlukile kwezidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy ( ukwelashwa kwemigqa yesibili ) kuvame ukusetshenziswa uma umdlavuza uphinde ukhula noma ukhula ngenkathi ukhiphe isifo samakhemikhali.

Imiphumela emibi ye-Chemotherapy

Abantu abaningi bayesaba mayelana ne-chemotherapy, sebezwile izindaba ezibuhlungu kusukela esikhathini esidlule. Kodwa njengoba nje kwenziwa phambili kwezinye izindawo, ukuthuthukiswa kwenziwe okwenziwe ngamakhemikhali. Imiphumela emibi isenzeka, kodwa eziningi zazo zingaphathwa ngokuphumelelayo. Kukhona izinto eziningana ongayenza ukuze ungeze ekuthuthukisweni kwakho ngalesi sikhathi.

Khumbula ukuthi wonke umuntu uhlukile futhi uphendula i-chemotherapy ngendlela ehlukile. Abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela eminingi emibi, kuyilapho abanye bengenakho nhlobo. Imiphumela emibi ongayilindela iyoxhomeka kwimithi ethize oyitholayo, kodwa ezinye ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• I-Nausea ne-Vomiting: I- nausea nokuhlanza mhlawumbe yimiphumela emibi kakhulu yokwesaba kwe-chemotherapy, kodwa kokubili ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwalezi zimpawu kuye kwaba ngcono kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Izidakamizwa zokulwa nesisulu (antiemetics) zivame ukunikezwa kanye nezidakamizwa eziningi zokwelapha ukuvimbela isicucu.
  
  Kokubili imithi kanye nezindlela zokuphila zingasiza ekwenzeni i- cerebral-induced nausea nokuhlanza . Ukuthatha isikhathi esincane sokucabangela ukudla okudlayo kubalulekile, futhi sifunda okwengeziwe nokubaluleka komsoco omuhle ngesikhathi kunakekelwa umdlavuza. Ngenkathi abantu abaningi bethola ukusebenzisa i- ginger nokucindezela i-cerebral-sensitive-related nausea , lezi zindlela ezihlukile kufanele zisetshenziswe kanye nendawo esikhundleni sezokwelapha ezijwayelekile zokulwa nezinsana zokuthola izinkinga. Uma isisindo sengqondo sesithuthukile, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukudlala "ukubamba" kunokuba ngabe isibonakaliso sibhekiswe ngokushesha.
  
• Ukulahlekelwa Izinwele: Ukulahlekelwa izinwele kuvame ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kanti nakuba akuyingozi empilweni yakho engokwenyama, kungase kuphazamise ngokomzwelo. Akuzona zonke izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy ezenza ukuba izinwele zilahleke, kodwa lokho okumangazayo abantu abaningi ukuthi imithi yokwelapha eyenza ukulahlekelwa izinwele ngokuvamile ibangele ukulahlekelwa izinwele ekhanda lakho. Kusukela phezulu kwekhanda lakho, kumashiya akho kanye ne-eyelashes, kuya ezinyangeni zokushicilela, ukulungiselela ukulahlekelwa izinwele ku-chemotherapy kungakusiza ukuba ubhekane nokulula kancane ngalokho okuzayo.
  
  Abanye abantu bakuthola kuwusizo ukuhamba nge-wig nokuthenga isikhala ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukwelashwa. Abanye bathola ukuthi "ukuyeka kabusha" kungangeza amahlaya kancane kule nkathi ecindezelayo. Nakuba une "inzuzo" yokungabi ncaye ubuso bakho-noma imilenze yakho yowesifazane-isilula kancane, amahlaya asize abantu abaningi babhekene nalomphumela ohlangothini ovamile.
  
  Ukulahleka kwezinwele kuvame ukuqala amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ngemuva kokwelashwa kwakho kokuqala, ngokuphindaphinda kwenzeke ngokushesha ngemuva kokwelashwa kwakho kokugcina. Ukulahlekelwa izinwele kungaphikelela uma uthola imisebe ekhanda lakho, kodwa ukulahlekelwa izinwele okuhlala unganqabile nge-chemotherapy kuphela. Abacwaningi baye babheka izindlela zokuvimbela izinwele ezilahlekelwa yi-chemotherapy ngemiphumela ethile emnene.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-scalp ukupholisa kuye kwaphumelela kancane kwezinye izifundo, nakuba lokhu kungase kungakhululekile futhi kuthwale ingozi yemfundiso yokunciphisa ukusebenza kokwelashwa.
  
• I-Bone Marrow Ukucindezela: Ukuxoshwa komnkantso wamathambo kungenye yemiphumela emibi kakhulu yamakhemikhali, kodwa ukuphathwa kwalolu phuzu oluseceleni-ikakhulukazi ingozi yezifo ngenxa yokubalwa kwamangqamuzana egazi ezimhlophe-kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Wonke amangqamuzana egazi (amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, namaplatelets) akhiwa kusuka kumaseli ase-stem emnothweni wethambo. Njengoba lezi zihlukanisa kakhulu ngokushesha, zonke zazo zingancishiswa yi-chemotherapy. I-oncologist yakho izohlola inani eliphelele legazi (CBC) ngaphambi kokukhipha kwamakhemikhali ngayinye futhi iqaphe amazinga akho eduze. Thatha isikhashana ukubuyekezwa lawa mathiphu ekunciphiseni ingozi yokutheleleka ngesikhathi samakhemikhali .
  
• Ama-mouth Sores: Amaphesenti angaba ngu-30 kuya kuma-40% abantu bazobhekana nezilonda emlonyeni wamakhemikhali ngesikhathi sokulashwa, nakuba imithi ethile ingaphezu kwamanye okubangelwa lesi sibonakaliso. Uma uthola izidakamizwa kungenzeka ukuthi ubangele izilonda zomlomo, umhlengikazi wakho we-chemotherapy angakukhuthaza ukuba uncelise i-ice pop noma i-chips chips ngenkathi isidakamizwa singeniswa. Lezi zilonda zingase zingakhathazeki zodwa, kodwa zingabuye zibe nezifo ezincane ezifana ne- thrush ngomlomo .
  
  Izindlela zokuqapha ezimbalwa zingenza umehluko omkhulu enduduzo yakho. Amathiphu afaka ukugwema izithelo ze-citrus, ukudla okuneziphuzo kanye nosawoti, nokudla emazingeni okushisa okweqile, nokunciphisa ukudla okunemiphetho ebukhali njengabaqaphi. Ungase uzwe abasindile bomdlavuza behlambalaza ngokuthi " umlingo womlingo " ngezilonda zomlomo kodwa, khuluma ne-oncologist yakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yikuphi ukulungiselela, imithi yesiguli noma enye indlela.
  
• Izinguquko zokunambitha: Izinguquko zokunambitheka, ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi "umlomo wensimbi," zenzeka yingxenye yabantu abaphethe i-chemotherapy. Nakuba lesi sibonakaliso sivame ukuba yisisusa, hlola lezi zeluleko zokubhekana nokushintsha kokunambitheka okwenziwe yi-chemotherapy . Abantu abaningi bathola lokhu ukunambitheka kuyashintsha kancane uma befaka ukunambitheka kokudla kokudla ngokudliwayo nokusebenzisa ama-sauces ahlukahlukene (ukungeza uketshezi ekudleni kungasiza futhi ngezilonda zomlomo). Ukuphumelela kumaminithi noma ukuhlafuna i-gum, nokushintshela ezitsha zepulasitiki okwesikhashana, kungase kube usizo.
  
• I-Peripheral Neuropathy: Ukulinganisa kanye nobuhlungu ekusatshalaliseni kwe-stocking-glove (izandla nezinyawo) yizibonakaliso ezivamile ezihlobene nokusebenza komzimba we-chemotherapy-induced paripheral neuropathy futhi kuthinta cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantu abathola i-chemotherapy Ezinye izidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi ama-agent "platinum", zingase zidale leli cala umphumela kunabanye. Izinzwa zethu zihlanganiswe nezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi i-myelin ukuthi izenzo ziyindlela efana nengaphandle kwendwangu kagesi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lezi zidakamizwa ngandlela-thile zilimaza i-myelin futhi, ngokwenza kanjalo, ziphazamise ukucubungula okujwayelekile kwezibonakaliso zesisindo.
  
  Ngokungafani nezimpawu eziningi ezihlobene ne-chemotherapy, i-neuropathy ivame ukuphikelela ngemva kokuphela kwe-chemotherapy, futhi-ngezinye izikhathi-ingaba njalo. Ucwaningo olwenziwe nge- glutamine nezinye izindlela ezingavimbela ukuba neuropathy kungenzeki okokuqala kuqhubeka. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalezi zindlela ngaphambi kokuqala i-chemotherapy.
  
• Ukuguquguquka kwezidakamizwa : Izidakamizwa ze-Chemotherapy zingabangela ushintsho lwesilonda kusukela ekuqotheni kuze kube nesifo sohudo, kuye ngezidakamizwa. Ukuqothulwa kuvame kakhulu kwezinye izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela isisulu sokuqhwabanisa, kanti udokotela wakho angancoma izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuqotshwa ngesikhathi samakhemikhali, njengesiphakamiso sezitofu, i-laxative, noma kokubili. I-diarrhea ingasheshe ibe yinkinga kubantu abasebenzisa i-chemotherapy, ikakhulukazi njengoba kubangelwa ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi. Hlola lezi zokudla ezihle kakhulu zokuhuda kusuka kumakhemikhali , kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa isifo sohudo.
  
• Ukuzwela kwelanga: Izidakamizwa eziningi ze-chemotherapy zandisa ithuba lokuthola ukushisa kwelanga lapho uphuma elangeni, okubizwa ngokuthi i -phototoxicity eyenziwa ngamakhemikhali . Buza udokotela wakho uma izidakamizwa ozothola indawo ungengozini nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uziphathe. (Qaphela: I-Sunscreen yedwa ingase ingasebenzi futhi ingase icasule isikhumba sakho, ikakhulukazi uma uthola nokwelashwa kwama-radiation.)
  
• I-Chemobrain: Igama elithi chemobrain liye lahlelwa ukuchaza imiphumela engqondweni yabantu abathile abazwayo ngesikhathi nangemva kwe-chemotherapy. Izimpawu ezivela ekukhunjweni kokukhunjulwa ekubuneni nge-multitasking zingakhungathekisa, futhi zingasiza amalungu omndeni ukuba aqaphele lo mphumela ongase ube nawo. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukugcina ubuchopho babo busebenza ngokuzivocavoca ezifana ne-crossword puzzle, i-sudoku, noma yikuphi "abaculi bezobuchopho" abayithokozayo kungaba usizo ezinsukwini nasemasontweni alandela ukwelashwa.
  
• Ukukhathala: Ukhathala yi-side side effect ye-chemotherapy, okuthinta cishe wonke umuntu othola lezi zelashwa. Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo lokukhathala aluyona uhlobo lokukhathala okuphendula ekomishi yekhofi noma ubusuku obuhle bokulala. Kunezinto eziningana ezingakusiza ukuba ubhekane nokukhathala komdlavuza , kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukuzivumela isikhathi esengeziwe esidinga ukuphumula. I-"zokwelashwa" ezinhle kakhulu kulo mphumela ohlangothini kufanele zifinyelele emndenini nabangani futhi zivumele ukuba zikusize. Izwi elithi "kuthatha idolobhana" alikho indawo efanelekayo njengendlela yokubeka i-chemotherapy.

Imiphumela Yesikhathi Eside Yomphumela We-Chemotherapy

Imiphumela emide yesikhathi eside ye-chemotherapy akuvamile ukukhathazeka kwakho kokuqala lapho uzwa udinga i-chemotherapy yomdlavuza. Ngayo yonke imithi yokwelashwa, izinzuzo zokwelashwa zidinga ukulinganiswa nezingozi ezingenzeka. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela eminye yemiphumela emibi yamuva-imiphumela engase ingenzeki kuze kube izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka emva kokuqeda ukwelashwa komdlavuza. Njengemiphumela emibi yesikhathi esifushane, izinkinga ozothola lezi zimpawu zizoxhomeka emithini ethile yemithi yokwelapha oyitholayo. Ezinye imiphumela ephuzile zifaka:

• Izifo Zenhliziyo: Ezinye izidakamizwa zamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa ezifana ne- Adriamycin (doxorubicin) , zingabangela ukulimala kwenhliziyo. Uhlobo lomonakalo lungase luhluke ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo kuya ezinkingeni ze-valve kuya kwesifo se-coronary artery. Uma uthola noma iyiphi yalezi zidakamizwa, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwelashwa. Ukwelapha imithi esifubeni kungase kwandise ingozi yezinkinga ezihlobene nenhliziyo.
  
• Ukungabi nalutho: Izidakamizwa eziningi zamakhemikhali ziholela ekutheni zingasebenzi ngemuva kokulashwa. Uma kukhona ithuba ongathanda ukukhulelwa emva kwe-chemotherapy, izinketho ezifana nesimiso sokuqanda noma imibungu yokuqandisa zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo abantu abaningi. Qinisekisa ukuba nale ngxoxo ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.
  
• I-peripheral Neuropathy: Ukuxubha, ukuphazamiseka, nobuhlungu ezinyaweni nasezandleni ezibangelwa amanye ama-chemotherapy agents angase aphike izinyanga eziningi, noma angase ahlale unomphela, njengoba kuphawuliwe, kwenziwa ucwaningo lokufuna izindlela zokungaphatheli kuphela lo mphumela ohlangothini kodwa ukuvimbela ukuba ingenzeki ngokuphelele.
  
• Amakhansela Asekondari : Njengoba ezinye izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy zisebenza ngokubangela ukulimala kwe-DNA emangqamuzaneni, angeke nje aphephe umdlavuza kodwa angabangela ukuba omunye nomdlavuza abe nomdlavuza. Isibonelo salokhu ukuthuthukiswa kwe-leukemia kubantu abaye baphathwa nge-Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), umuthi ovame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa umdlavuza webele. Lezi zomshukela zivame ukufika eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi noma ngaphezulu emva kokuba imithi yokwelapha igcwaliswe.

Eminye imiphumela engase yenziwe ngemuva kwesikhathi ingase ihlanganise izimpawu ezivela ekulaleleni ukuzwa noma ukubhebhetheka kwe-lung fibrosis. Yize ingozi yalezi zindlela ezimbi zithinta kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nenzuzo yokwelashwa, thatha isikhashana ukuxoxa nodokotela wakho ngemiphumela emibi engase ibe yodwa emkhakheni wakho we-chemotherapy.

Imibuzo Okumele Uyibuze Ngayo ngeKhemotherapy

Ukuthola uhlu lwemibuzo ekhona uma ubona udokotela wakho kwandisa ithuba lokuthi uzoqonda ukwelashwa kwakho kanye nokusemandleni akho. Cabangela le mibuzo elandelayo, bese wengeza eyakho engqondweni:

• Iyini injongo ye-chemotherapy oyothola? Ngamanye amazwi, umgomo wokuphulukisa umdlavuza wakho, ukwandisa impilo yakho, ukubhekana nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakaze ngemva kokuhlinzwa, noma ukunciphisa izimpawu?
• Yiziphi izidakamizwa ezithile zemithi ongayithola? Lezi zidakamizwa zizonikezwa kanjani? Ingabe uncoma ichweba noma umugqa we-PICC, noma ingabe i-périphher IV iv?
• Izindleko zingakanani izindleko zokwelapha?
• Uzoyithola kuphi i-chemotherapy yakho?
• Kuzophindwa kaningi kangakanani ukuhlushwa, futhi mangaki amaseshingi azodingeka?
• Kuzoze kube nini iseshini ngayinye ihlala?
• I-chemo izobathinta kanjani ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke, amandla okusebenza, kanye nekhono lokunakekela izingane zakho?
• Ingabe kulungile ukuhamba wedwa, noma udinga umngane ukukushayela?
• Yimiphi imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yalolu ukwelashwa, futhi yini eyenziwe ukuphatha ngayinye yalezi? Zizolindeleka nini ukuthi ziqale, futhi zivame nini ukuhamba? Ingabe kukhona imiphumela ejwayelekile yokuphela kwalokhu ukwelashwa?
• Uma i-peripheral neuropathy ingumphumela ohlangothini olungaba khona, ingabe kukhona okungenziwa ngenhloso yokunciphisa ingozi?
• Kungenzeka ukuthi uzolahlekelwa izinwele zakho? (Izinkampani eziningi zomshuwalense zikhokhela i-wig kodwa zidinga isiguli kusuka ku-oncologist yakho. Imithi kufanele isetshenziselwe "isifuba sezinwele" noma "i-craneal prosthesis" ukuze ihlanganiswe.)
• Imiphi imiphumela emibi okufanele ikufake ukuba ushayele ngokushesha? Ngamanye amazwi, yiziphi izimo eziphuthumayo ezizokwenzeka?
• Uma unesithakazelo sokuba nezingane esikhathini esizayo, i-chemo izothinta kanjani ukuzala kwakho futhi yiziphi izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze ulondoloze ikhono lakho lokuba nezingane?
• Ukubala kwegazi lakho kuzokuhlolwa kaningi kangakanani? Yini okufanele izinombolo zibe ngaphambi kweseshini sakho esilandelayo? Kuzokwenzekani uma inani lakho liphansi kakhulu?
• Ingabe uzodinga ukuthatha imithi ngemuva kokuya ekhaya, njengama-laxatives ukuvimbela ukuqotshwa noma ukujova okugqugquzela amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi?
• Ingabe kuzodingeka uthathe noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuqapha? Isibonelo, kuzodingeka uhlale kude nabantu abagulayo, uqaphele elangeni, ugweme ukuguqula ibhokisi lensimbi, noma ukugqoka imaski emphakathini?
• Kumama-premenopausal, udinga ukusebenzisa ukulawulwa kokubeletha?
• Ingabe kufanele uthathe noma yiziphi izithako ezithinta amavithamini noma okunomsoco ngesikhathi se-chemotherapy? (I-Chemotherapy ingakunciphisa ama-vitamin, kodwa amanye amavithamini namaminerali angaphazamisa i-chemotherapy .)
• Ingabe kukhona ukugoma okudingayo? (Lolu lwazi mayelana nokugonywa kwabantu abanomdlavuza luxoxisa kokubili ukugoma okungase kunconywe kanye nemigomo okufanele igwenywe ngenkathi ukwelashwa komdlavuza.)
• Yiziphi ezinye izindlela noma zokwelashwa okuhambisanayo ( ukuphathwa okuhlangene ngomdlavuza ) kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze-chemotherapy? Ingabe lezi zikhona esikhungweni sakho somdlavuza?
• Zikhona yini izilingo zemitholampilo ezitholakalayo ezingahle ziphumelele kunomthetho ophakanyisiwe?
• Uzokwazi ukuthi (futhi nini) uma izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy zisebenza?
• Iyini "uhlelo lwakho" uma i-chemotherapy ingasebenzi?
• Ubani okufanele ubize uma unenkinga, kungaba usuku noma ubusuku?

Izindaba eziwusizo

Abaningi bethu bahola impilo ematasa ngaphambi kokuthola isifo somdlavuza. Ukufunda ukuthi uzodinga ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali kungenzeka ukuthi uzibuze ukuthi uzoke ubeke kanjani izibopho zakho nezibopho zakho "ezivamile" kanye nokwelashwa kwakho. Thatha isikhashana ukucabangela lezi zindaba eziwusizo futhi ucabange ngalokho okuzokusiza ukuthi ugcine impilo yakho isebenza kahle. Udinga ukugibela esikhungweni sakho somdlavuza? Udinga usizo ngokunakekela izingane? Nazi amathiphu ambalwa okuzokusiza ukulungiselela:

• Khetha umngane omuhle noma ababili abangaba "abaxhumanisi" bakho uma kuziwa emibhalweni bese bekhuluma nabanye.Lezi zinsuku zingasiza ukuxhumanisa imizamo yabangane abaye banikele ukusiza, futhi benze njengabakhulumeli uma ungafuni ngempela uphendule ucingo futhi. Abantu abaningi baqala isayithi ku-Caring Bridge noma isayithi elifanayo lapho bangabelana khona ngezibuyekezo zendlela ukwelashwa kuhamba ngayo. Lezi zindawo zingabuye zibe umthombo omkhulu wesikhuthazo futhi zivumela abangane ukuba bathumele uthando lwabo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokukuphazamisa. Amasayithi afana noLotsa Ukusiza amaHands angabalulekile ekuhleleni imisebenzi phakathi kwalabo abazinikele ngokuzithandela ukusiza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulungiselela ukudla ukukunikeza, ukusiza ngemisebenzi yasendlini, noma ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezingane, abantu bangabhalisela izinsuku nezinkathi ukunikeza usizo.
• Ngokuqinisekile uzochitha isikhathi esithile esihlezi ohlezi ngesikhathi sesisindo sakho sokumnika. Hlola lawa macebiso kulokho okuzopakisha imithi ye-chemotherapy ukuze uthole imibono ezintweni ezingcono kakhulu zokuletha induduzo yakho nokuvimbela inhlanhla.

Kubangani Nomndeni

Njengoba othandekayo wakho eqala i-chemotherapy, ungase uzizwe ungenamandla, uzibuze ukuthi yini ongayenza ukuze usize. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusiza ukulungisa ukudla okubandayo noma ukuguqula utshani, cabanga ngamathalenta akho nezindlela ongakujabulela kakhulu ukwenza impilo yomuntu ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwe-chemo kanye nokusemandleni akho. Khumbula ukuthi imizwelo ingaba nomthelela lapho umuntu etholakala enomdlavuza. Zama ukubekezela futhi uzame ukuzithatha uma umuntu wakho othandekayo engaphansi kokucabangela ngezikhathi ezithile. Abaningi bethu abasibo abahloniphekile lapho sikhathele, sikhathazekile, noma sibuhlungu.

Nazi amathiphu ambalwa okusekela othandekayo ngomdlavuza , kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukhona nje. Enye yezinkathazo ezinkulu zabantu abanomdlavuza yedwa.

Izwi elivela

Uma i-chemotherapy iphakanyisiwe njengokwelashwa komdlavuza wakho, cishe uzwa ukhathazekile. Kunzima ukugwema ukuzwa izindaba ezesabekayo zezinsuku ezidlule. Kungase kudingeke ukhumbuze ukuthi intuthuko enhle yenzeke ekwelapheni komdlavuza. Ngokuqinisekile, kunemiphumela emibi, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kwalaba sekude kakhulu. Buza imibuzo. Funda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho, futhi ube ngummeli wakho siqu ekunakekeleni umdlavuza wakho .

I-Cancer ingaba yinkinga yokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo . Khetha abangane abambalwa ongabelana nabo ngemizwa yakho ngokukhululekile nangokwethembeka. Akudingeki njalo ukuthi ugcine isimo sengqondo esihle ngomdlavuza . Eqinisweni, kubalulekile ukuzihlonipha ngokuveza leyo mizwelo engeyona into enhle. Funa lezo zingane ezilalele ngaphandle kokwahlulela, zithulise umoya wakho, futhi zikusize uthole amahlaya phakathi nokucindezeleka.

I-Chemotherapy ingaba nzima, kodwa ingase ibe yisikhathi esikhethekile. Abantu abaningi babuya emuva ezinsukwini zabo ze-chemotherapy ngokuzikhandla, njengoba bekhumbula lesi sikhathi sokuxhumana nabathandekayo-isikhathi lapho imizwa ejulile ihamba khona ngokwemvelo. Imithi yokwelashwa ingakudonsela kancane kancane, kodwa umdlavuza uvame ukushintsha abantu ngezindlela ezinhle futhi. Gcina iso livulekele lezo zinsimbi zesiliva ezikhanyisa ngefu lomdlavuza.

_Imithombo:

_{I-American Society of Clinical Oncology. I-Cancer.Net. Ukuqonda i-Chemotherapy. Kubuyekeziwe ngo-08/2015. http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/chemotherapy/understanding-chemotherapy}

> Longo, DL izimiso zikaHarrison zemithi yangaphakathi . 2013. New York: McGraw-Hill.

_{I-National Cancer Institute. I-SEER Training Manual. Izinhlobo ze-Chemotherapy Izidakamizwa. Ifinyelele ngo-08/16/16. http://training.seer.cancer.gov/treatment/chemotherapy/types.html}

> Niederhuber, J., Armitage, J., Doroshow, J., Kastan, M., kanye noJ. Tepper. I-Clinic Oncology Clinic: I-5th Edition. 2013. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone / Elsevier.