I-Hamartomas yizicubu ezivamile, kodwa uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi unalo, ungase ukwesabeke. Iningi labantu alikaze lizwe ngalezi zicubu ezinobuthi, futhi zingabheka okuningi njengomdlavuza ekufundweni kwe-imaging. Yini okufanele ukwazi futhi yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ubuze kudokotela wakho?
Sibutsetelo
I-hamartoma iyi-tumor enesifo esibi (esingeyona umdlavuza) esakhiwa yizicubu "ezivamile" ezitholakala esifundeni abakhula kuso.
Isibonelo, amaphaphu (pulmonary) hamartoma ukukhula kwama-tishu angewona umdlavuza kuhlanganise namafutha, izicubu ezihlangene, kanye ne-cartilage etholakala ezifundeni zamaphaphu.
Umehluko phakathi kwama-hamartomas nezicubu ezivamile ukuthi i-hamartomas ikhula ngobuningi obungalungile. I-hamartomas eminingi ikhula kancane, ngesilinganiso esifana nezicubu ezivamile. Zivame kakhulu emadodeni kunabesifazane. Nakuba abanye befa, akekho owaziyo ukuthi yini ebangela ukuthi eziningi zalezi zikhula zenzeke.
Isigameko
Abantu abaningi abakaze bazizwe nge-hamartomas kodwa yizicubu ezivamile. I-hamartomas yama-lung yindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ze-tumor ye-lung tumor, kanti izicubu zesifo se-lung acid azivamile.
Izimpawu
I-Hamartomas kungenzeka ingabangeli noma yiziphi izimpawu, noma zingabangela ukungakhululeki ngenxa yomshoshaphansi ezithombeni nasezingxenyeni eziseduze. Lezi zimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi indawo ye-hamartoma. Esinye sezimo "ezivamile" ezivame ukwesaba, njengoba lezi zicubu zibukeka kakhulu njengomdlavuza lapho zitholakala, ikakhulukazi ekuhlolweni kwe-imaging.
Indawo
I-Hamartomas ingenzeka cishe noma kuphi emzimbeni. Ezinye zezindawo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:
- Amapulangwe: I-partmonary (lung) i-hamartomas yindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-tumor ye-lung tumor. Zivame ukutholakala ngengozi uma i-x-ray yesifuba noma isifuba CT scan kwenziwa esinye isizathu. Uma kwenzeka eduze nomgwaqo womoya, kungabangela ukuvinjelwa okubangelwa i-pneumonia ne- bronchiectasis .
- Isikhumba: I-Hamartomas ingenzeka noma kuphi esikhumbeni, kodwa ijwayele kakhulu ubuso, izindebe, nentamo.
- Inhliziyo: Njengesifo esivame kakhulu senhliziyo ezinganeni, i-hamartomas ingabangela izimpawu zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
- I-Hypothalamus: Njengoba i-hypothalamus isendaweni ehlanganisiwe ebuchosheni, izimpawu ngenxa yokucindezela ezakhiweni eziseduze zivamile. Eminye yalezi zibandakanya ukuhlukunyezwa, izinguquko zobuntu, nokuqala kokuthomba ezinganeni.
- Izinso: I-Hamartomas ingatholakala ngokuzenzakalelayo ekucwaningweni kwezinso zezinso, kepha kungase kubangele ngezikhathi ezithile kubangele izimpawu ze-kidney disysction.
- Ipeni: Ama-hamartomas esitezini angabangela ubuhlungu besisu.
Ama-Hamartomas (Lungula)
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, i-hamartomas yamaphaphu (i-pulmonary) yizona ezivame kakhulu izicubu ezinobuthi ezitholakale emaphashini futhi zivame ukutholakala ngengozi lapho isithombe se-esifubeni senziwa ngesinye isizathu. Ngokusetshenziswa kakhudlwana kokuhlolwa kwe- CT yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abasengozini, kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abaningi bayothola ukuthi bane-hamartoma esikhathini esizayo.
Uma usanda kuthola ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kanti udokotela wakho ucabangela ukuthi ungase ube nesifo esibuhlungu njenge-harmartoma, funda ngalokho okwenzekayo uma unamahloni ekuhlolweni kanye namathuba ukuthi ungumdlavuza.
I-Hamartomas ingaba nzima ukuhlukanisa namagciwane kodwa kunezici ezithile ezibahlukanisa. Incazelo ye-" calccorn calcification " -ukubeka izithombe ezibukeka njenge-popcorn ku-CT scan-cishe ukuxilongwa. Ukubalwa (idizithi ye-calcium ebonakala emhlophe kuma-ray ray-ray) kuvamile. I-Cavitation, indawo ephakathi kokuphazamiseka kwezicubu ezibonakalayo Ama-x-ray, ajwayelekile. Iningi lalezi zicubu zingaphansi kwamasentimitha amabili ububanzi.
Ingabe Lokhu Kuqhuma Kungasakaza?
Ngokungafani nezicubu ezinonya (umdlavuza), ama-hamartomas ngokuvamile awasakazeki kwezinye izifunda zomzimba. Lokho kusho, kuye ngokuthi indawo yabo, bangabangela umonakalo ngokubeka ukucindezela ezakhiweni eziseduze.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikaCowden (isifo lapho abantu abanakho khona khona ama-hamartomas amaningi) amathuba okuthuthukisa amakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi webele kanye ne-thyroid. Ngakho-ke noma ngabe i-hamartomas iyingozi, udokotela wakho angase afune ukuhlola ngokucophelela kanye nokucwaninga okucatshangelwayo ukuze akwazi ukuba khona komdlavuza.
Izimbangela
Akekho owaziyo ukuthi yini ebangelwa i-hamartomas, nakuba ivame kakhulu kubantu abanezifo ezithile zofuzo ezifana nesifo sikaCowden.
I-Hamartomas ne-Cowden Syndrome
I-Hamartomas ivame ukuvela njengengxenye ye-syndrome enezifo ezibizwa ngokuthi isifo sikaCowden. Isifo sikaCowden sivame ukubangelwa ukuguquguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezizenzekelayo , okusho ukuthi uma ubaba noma umama wakho bezuza i-mutation, ithuba lokuthi uzobe nalo nalo lingamaphesenti angama-50. Ngaphezu kwama-hamartomas amaningi (ahlobene nesimo se-PTEN gene mutation), abantu abanalo le syndrome bavame ukuthuthukisa umdlavuza webele, i-thyroid, nesisu, ngokuvamile eqala eminyakeni yawo-30 nangama-40.
Izinkinga ezifana nosizo lwe-Cowden's syndrome ukuchaza ukuthi kungani udokotela wakho kufanele abe nomlando ophelele wamanqamu (noma ezinye izimo) ezisebenza emndenini wakho . Ku-syndromes afana nalawa, akubona bonke abantu abazoba nomhlobo owodwa womdlavuza, kodwa inhlanganisela yeminye ethile yomdlavuza cishe.
Ukwelapha
Izinketho zokwelapha ze-hamartoma zithembele ngokuyinhloko ngendawo yesikhumba futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubangelwa yini noma cha. Uma ama-hamartoma engabangeli izimpawu, udokotela wakho angase ancoma ukuthi lesi sifo sishiye sodwa futhi sigcinwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuhlinzwa
Kuye kwaba nezingxoxo eziningi mayelana nokuthi ngabe i-hamartomas kufanele ibonwe noma isuswe ngokuhlinzwa. Ukubuyekezwa kokuhlolwa kuka-2015 kuzame ukucacisa lolu daba ngokulinganisa ingozi yokufa kanye nezinkinga ngenxa yokuhlinzeka ngengozi yokuphindaphinda kwesisu. Isiphetho ukuthi ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwezifundo ze-imaging kanye ne- good nestal biopsy nokuthi ukuhlinzekwa kumele kugcinwe kubantu abanezibonakaliso ngenxa ye-tumor yabo noma kubantu abasengabaza ngakho mayelana nokuxilongwa.
Izinqubo, uma kunesidingo se-hamartomas yamaphamitha kufaka phakathi ukukhishwa kwamagciwane (ukususwa kwesisu kanye nesigaba esinqunyiwe somzimba wezicubu ezungeze isisu), i- lobectomy (ukususwa kwesinye se-lobes yamaphaphu), noma i- pneumonectomy (ukususwa kwamaphaphu)
Imibuzo Yokubuza Udokotela Wakho
Uma uthola ukuthi une-hamartoma, yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ubuze kudokotela wakho? Izibonelo zifaka:
- Ingabe i-hamartoma yami idinga ukususwa (isibonelo, ingabe izobangela izinkinga uma kushiyiwe endaweni)?
- Yiziphi izimpawu engingayilindela uma zikhula?
- Iyiphi inqubo oyincoma ukuthi ususe isisu sami?
- Ngidinga noma yikuphi ukulandelwa okukhethekile esikhathini esizayo?
- Ingabe kungenzeka ukuthi nginokushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo okwangenza isisu sami, futhi uma kunjalo, ingabe kukhona ukulandelwa okukhethekile okufanele ngibe nayo, njengamakhomikhali amaningi avamile? Ungasiphakamisa ukweluleka ngokwezakhi zofuzo? Uma ucabangela ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic yomdlavuza kuyasiza kakhulu ukuthi uqale ukululekwa ngokwezakhi zofuzo. Ungase ufise ukuzibuza, "Ngingenzenjani uma ngithola ukuthi ngisengozini yomdlavuza?"
Amanye ama-Nodules ama-Lung
Ngaphandle kwe-hamartomas, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana zezingqamuzana zamaphaphu ezinobuthi .
Ngaphansi
I-Hamartomas yilezi zinambuzane ezingenasifo sengculaza ezingeke zisakaze kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Ngezinye izikhathi basala bodwa, kodwa uma bebangela izimpawu ngenxa yendawo yabo, noma uma ukuxilongwa kungenakuqinisekiswa, ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha isisu kunganconywa.
Kwabanye abantu, i-hamartoma ingase ibe uphawu lwezakhi zofuzo ezingangandisa ingozi yamanye emdlavuza njengengculaza yesifuba nomdlavuza wegciwane. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okufanele ube nakho uma kunjalo. Ukukhulumisana nomeluleki wezofuzo nakho kunganconywa.
> Imithombo:
> Edey, A., no D. Hansell. Kutholakale ukuthi i-CT. I-Radiology Clinic . 2009. 64 (9): 872-84.
> Elsayed, H., Abdel Hady, S., noS S. Elbastawisy. Ingabe Ukunciphisa Kudingekayo ku-Hamopomas Emapulmonary Aculatory Aculatory? . I-Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery . 2015. 21 (6): 773-6.
> Farooq, A. et al. I-Cowden syndrome. Ukubuyekezwa kweCanscer Treatment . 2010. 36 (8): 577-83.
> Saqi, A. et al. Izigameko nezici ze-cytological ze-hamartomas ye-pulmonary ezingenqunyelwe ku-CT scan. I-cytopathology . 2008. 19 (3): 185-191.
> I-Library Kazwelonke Kazwelonke Yezokwelapha. I-Cowden Syndrome. 08/22/17. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cowden-syndrome