Uhlobo lwe-COPD enezinkinga zobuntwana
Uma wena noma othandekayo utshelwe ukuthi une-bronchiectasis, cishe uzama ukuqonda lesi simo. Nakuba kuvamile, abantu bajwayele ukujwayele lolu hlobo lwe-COPD kune-emphysema noma i-bronchitis engapheli. Ziyini izimpawu, izimbangela kanye nezingozi, kanye nokwelapha kwalesi simo?
Incazelo: i-brronchiectasis
I-Bronchiectasis yindlela ye- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lapho imigwaqo emikhulu yamaphaphu (i- bronchi ) ibonakalisiwe futhi ikhulisiwe.
I-mucous ingakwazi ukuqoqa kulezi zindlela zokuhamba emoyeni, okuvumela ukuthi amabhaktheriya akhule futhi abangele ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu avamile. Lesi sifo singasendaweni yendawo eyodwa yamaphaphu, noma senzeke kuwo wonke womabili amaphaphu.
Umlando wemvelo we-Bronchiectasis
I-brronchiectasis ivame ukuqala ngokutheleleka okuphefumulelwe okuphindaphindiwe ebuntwaneni. Lezi zifo zibangela ukuqina, ukukhulisa nokukhwabanisa kwe-bronchi, amashubhu adlula e-trachea kuze kube se-alveoli, indawo emaphashini lapho kwenzeka khona ukushintshaniswa kwe-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuqoqwa kwe-mucus ezindaweni ezikhulisiwe kwenza izimo zilungele ukuthi izifo ziqale. Izifo ziholela ekukhuleni kwesifo futhi kuqhubeka nokukhula nokukhishwa kwe-bronchi.
Izimbangela Nezici Zengozi
I-Bronchiectasis ivame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka kwezifo zamaphutha ngesikhathi esesemncane. Ukutheleleka okuvamile okungaholela ku-bronchiectasis njengokukhwehlela okuncane kakhulu ngenxa yokugoma, kodwa okwamanje isifo se-bronchiectasis siyaqhubeka sanda.
Amaphesenti angaba ngu-50 amacala angenxa ye- cystic fibrosis . Kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwemimoya yomswakama njengesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu , noma umzimba wangaphandle, ngenxa yokucindezeleka ngokuzivikela komzimba kusuka kokuphazamiseka kwesifo sofuba noma i-HIV, ngenxa yokuphikisa okubangelwa ukwelapha emfungeni obizwa ngokuthi i-alergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, noma ngenxa kuya e-primary ciliary dysplasia.
Izimpawu zeBronchiectasis
Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-bronchiectasis ze-bronchiectasis zivame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kwemimoya ye-air and ukuqoqwa kwe-mucus ebeka isiteleka sokutheleleka. Izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa:
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo : Ukukhwehlela okuhambisana ne-bronchiectais kwenzeka nsuku zonke futhi kuvame ukubi kakhulu ekuseni futhi kubuye kusihlwa ebusuku.
- Ukukhiqizwa kweMucus : Ukukhwehlela kwansuku zonke kwe-bronchiectasis kuhambisana ne-mucus engacacile, ephuzi, eluhlaza noma egazini. Lokhu kukhishwa ngokweqile kwe-mucus, okungaba yiphunga elimnandi ngezinye izikhathi, kuyisibonakaliso sesifo.
- Izimpawu ngenxa yezifo eziphindaphindiwe ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nezimpawu zokuphefumula.
- Ukushisa .
- Ukushaya igazi .
- Ubuhlungu obunomoya ojulile ( ubuhlungu besifuba somlomo ).
- I-Clubbing : I-Clubbing yinkinga lapho kuthatha khona ukutholakala kwekhasi eliguquguqukayo.
- Ukuphefumula : Ukuphefumula kuvame ukuvela lapho
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo okungenalutho .
- Ukukhathala: Ukukhathala okuhambisana ne-bronchiectasis kungaba yindlala, futhi kuvame ukuhambisana nomzamo ohambisana nokukhwehlela, nokushintshaniswa kwe-oxygen emaphashini.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Bronchiectasis
Ukuxilongwa kwe-bronchiectasis kuqala ngomlando oqaphele nokuhlolwa komzimba okulandelwa ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging kanye ne-lung function.
Ezinye izivivinyo ezisiza ekuxilongweni zihlanganisa:
- I-x-ray yesifuba: I-x-ray yesifuba ingabonisa ezinye zezibonakaliso zesifo, kodwa ezinye izivivinyo (njenge-CT) zivame ukudingeka ukuqinisekisa noma ukuphikisa ukuxilongwa.
- I-Chest CT scan: Ukuxilongwa ngokuvamile kuvame ngokusekelwe ekubukeni kwe-CT.
- Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamapulmonary kungasiza ngokuxilongwa kanye nokuqina.
- I- bronchoscopy ingenziwa ukuze kukhishwe umzimba wangaphandle noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga zingenziwa ukuze zilawulwe ezinye izimo (njenge-TB, i-cystic fibrosis, nokuningi) okungaba nezimpawu ezifanayo.
Ukwelapha
Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukwelashwa kwe-bronchiectasis ukuphatha imbangela ebalulekile yesifo.
Izifo zivame futhi zidinga ukuphathwa nokuqapha. Kwacatshangwa ukuthi ukwelashwa okusetshenziselwa i-cystic fibrosis kungasiza abantu abangenawo i-cystic fibrosis nge-bronchiectasis, kodwa maduzane nje kubonakala sengathi ezinye zalezi zokwelapha zingase zibe yingozi. Amasu okuvumela ukuhambisa umoya angasiza nge-sputum eyanciphayo nangomsebenzi wamaphaphu. Ukwelashwa kwe-oksijeni kungadingeka uma lesi sifo sinzima kakhulu, futhi ukuhlinzwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukuze ususe indawo ewonakele kakhulu ye-bronchus.
Izinkinga
Ngaphezu kokutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe, abanye abantu bathuthukisa i- atelectasis - ukuwa kwezingxenye noma konke ukuhluleka kwamapayipi nokuphefumula kungenzeka. Lesi sifo singaholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo efanele, okuthiwa yi- cor pulmonale .
Isibikezelo
Ukuchazwa kwe-bronchiectasis kuncike ekubambeni okubangela. Kubantu abathile, lokhu kungaba okubi kakhulu noma okubulalayo (njengokwama-cystic fibrosis) kanti kwabanye, ukuphila okugcwele nokujwayelekile kuvamile.
Izinto ezihlotshaniswa nokuphila okude isikhathi eside zibandakanya inkomba enkulu yomzimba ophezulu (ngamanye amagama, hhayi ukugqoka umzimba), imishanguzo evamile, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene nomkhuhlane kanye ne-pneumonoccus, nokuvakashelwa komtholampilo njalo.
Izinto ezihlotshaniswa nokuhlushwa okuncane kakhulu zihlanganisa i- hypoxia (izinga eliphansi le-oksijeni yegazi), ukuxoshwa (i-concentrated blood carbon dioxide concentration), ukukhuphuka kokuphefumula, nezifo ezimbi kakhulu njengoba kuboniswa kwizifundo ze-radiology.
Isibonelo: UJoshuwa waqala i-bronchiectasis lapho isifo sakhe sephaphu sivimbela enye yezindiza ezinkulu emaphashini akhe.
Izwi elivela
I-Bronchiectasis, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-COPD, ivame ukuhlobene nokutheleleka ekuqaleni kokuphila (kunokuba kunezinyathelo zokuphila ezifana nokubhema kamuva). Kodwa naphezu kwentuthuko yokugonywa kwezifo, isimo sanda e-United States. Njengoba sifunda kabanzi ngalesi sifo, sithola ukuthi siyingozi kakhulu, okusho ukuthi izici zesifo kanye nezinqubo ezingezansi zingashintsha kakhulu kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu. Lokho kusho ukuthinta abantu abaphila nalesi simo ukuthi akuyona indlela efanayo yokuphathwa komzimba, kodwa umuntu ngamunye onesifo se-bronchiectasis kudingeka abhekwe njengomuntu ukuze athole izinketho zokwelashwa ezinhle kakhulu.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Lung Association. Funda nge-Bronchiectasis. http://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/bronchiectasis/learn-about-bronchiectasis.html.
> Chalmers, J., no S. Chotirmall. I-Bronchiectasis: Ukwelashwa Okusha Nezindlela Ezintsha. I-Lancet Imithi Yokuphefumula . 2018 Feb 22.
> Elaraachli, W., Conrad, D., no A. Wang. Ukusebenzisa I-Cystic Fibrosis Therapies ye-Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis. Medicine Chest Medicine . 2016. 37 (1): 139-46.
> Lee, A., Burge, A., no-A. Holland. Izindlela zokusindisa umoya ze-bronchiectasis. 2015. 11: CD008351.
> Pizzutto, S., Upham, J., Yerkovich, S., no A. Chang. I-anti-steroid anti-inflammatory ye-inhaled yabantwana nabantu abadala abane-bronchiectasis. I-Cochrane Database yezibuyekezo ezihleliwe . 2016. 27: CD007525.