Ukunciphisa umzimba akuyona yedwa imbangela ekhona
I-urticaria, noma imifuba, uhlobo olujwayelekile lokuqhuma olubhekiswe ekubunjweni okuphakanyisiwe, okubomvu, okwehliswayo esikhumbeni. Isizathu nokuqina kwemifantu ingahluka kusuka komuntu oyedwa kuya kwesinye. Ngesikhathi i-urticaria ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokungezwani komzimba kokudla, imithi, kanye nezinye izidakamizwa, kungase kube nezimbangela ezingezona izifo ezifana nokucindezeleka, ukutheleleka, isifo sokuzimela, ngisho nokudla kwesifo.
Amanye amacala ayi-idiopathic, okusho ukuthi imbangela ayifakazi.
I-Urticaria ingathatha noma ubani kungakhathaliseki ubudala, ubulili, nohlanga. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-15 namaphesenti angu-23 abantu abadala bazobhekana okungenani okukodwa kwe-urticaria esikhathini sokuphila kwabo.
Izifo ze-allergenic
Ukungezwani komzimba yiyona imbangela enkulu ye- urticaria . Kubangelwa ukuthi amasosha omzimba aphendule ngendlela engavamile engenazimo ezingenalutho futhi aphulukise umzimba unomuthi ovuvukala obizwa ngokuthi i- histamine .
Ngenkathi ukukhululwa kwe-histamine kungavame ukubangela i- rhinitis ye-allergen nezinye izimpawu zokuphefumula noma zesisu, kunezinye izikhathi lapho kuzobangela ukuthi ama-capillari avule ngokweqile futhi akhiphe uketshezi lwangaphakathi emathisini azungezile. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukuvuvukala kwendawo yedermisi kuzokuholela ekugqibeleni okuchazwe kahle esikuqaphelayo njengomhlathi.
Kunama-allergies amabili avame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-urticaria:
- Imizimba yokudla , ngokuvamile i-shellfish, amantongomane, amaqanda, ukolweni, amajikijolo amasha, ushokoledi, kanye ne-soy
- Izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa , kubandakanya lezo ezibangelwa ama-antibiotic athile (njenge-cefaclor), i-anticonvulsants, i-antifungals (njenge-clotrimazole), i-aspirin, i-codeine, i-dextroamphetamine (esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-ADHD), ibuprofen, i-morphine, i-sulfonamide, imithi yokugoma, nokudonswa kwamagciwane
Ngokuvamile, ukusikeka kungahle kubangelwe izifo ezijwayelekile ezifana nempova, i-pet dander, ukulunywa kwezinambuzane, i-latex, noma i-nickel.
Iningi lala mihlathi elungelwa ukungena emzimbeni lizozixazulula eyedwa uma i-allergen (i-allergen) isuswa.
Isizathu esingajwayelekile , okuhlobene nokudla kwamathuba yisifo sokudla scombroid lapho i-histamines ikhiqizwa njengenhlanzi iqala ukuphazamisa. I-histamine ephezulu enyameni ekhulayo idala ukudla "i-pseudoallergy" enezimpawu ezifana nesifo sohudo, ama-cramps, isizungu, nemifantu egcwele.
Izizathu Zomzimba
I-urticaria yezinto ezibonakalayo yi-subset yemifantu lapho ukuqhuma kwesikhumba kuqhutshiswa khona yizinto ezithinta imvelo noma ezomzimba njengokubanda, ukushisa, ukucindezela, ukudlidliza, ukungqubuzana, nokukhanya kwelanga.
Ngenkathi imbangela ye-urticaria engaziwa, ingakholelwa ukuthi iyimpendulo yokuzimela lapho umzimba uthumela amaprotheni avikelayo, okuthiwa ama- autoantibodies , ukuhlasela ama-tissue ehlukile.
Ngenkathi lokhu kungabangela impendulo efanayo yokuvuvukala ebonwe ngemisipha yomzimba, ukubonakala kwemihlathi kunamathuba amaningi kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, zizokhula kuphela ezindaweni zesikhumba ezivezwe ezenzakalweni zemvelo. Kwabanye, ukuqhuma okusabalalisa kungaholela ekwehleni okusheshayo ekucindezelekeni kwegazi kanye nezimpawu ezifana nokukhanda ikhanda, ukuqhuma, umbono obonakalayo, nokuphelelwa amandla.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-urticaria engokwenyama ikholelwa ukuthi ihlobene nokuzimela (kunokuba iqhutshwe yi-trigger yangaphandle), isimo sivame ukuhlala singapheli futhi singakwazi ukusuka kwenye kuya eminyakeni eminingana.
Phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ezijwayele (futhi ezingavamile) ze-urticaria ngokomzimba:
- I-urticaria ye-Aquagenic yindlela ejwayelekile engavamile eyenziwa ngokuxhumana namanzi.
- I-urticaria ye-Cold iyifomu elingavamile elibangelwa ukuvezwa kokubandayo.
- I-urticaria ye-Cholinergic , eyaziwa nangokuthi ukushisa ukushisa, ibangelwa ukujuluka ngokweqile nokushisa okuphakeme kwesikhumba.
- I-Dermographism urticaria ibangelwa ukungqubuzana noma ukuqina okuqinile kwesikhumba.
- Ukucindezela i-urticaria kubangelwa uma ukucindezela ngokweqile kukhishwa esikhumbeni (njengokuthwala isikhwama esinzima slinge ehlombe lakho).
- I-urticaria ye-solar ibangelwa ukuvezwa kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV).
- I-urticaria evimbelayo ibangelwa yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lokudlidliza (kubandakanya ukugaya utshani noma ukushaya)
Ukucindezeleka
Ngaphandle kwesisusa somzimba, ukucindezeleka kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa noma ukuwohloka kwezinyosi ezingapheliyo. Futhi, isizathu esiqondile asiyazi, kodwa kukholelwa ukuthi ukukhululwa kwama-hormone okucindezeleka njenge-cortisol kungase kube nomphumela wokugaya lapho imbangela eyinhloko yomcuba ivuliwe.
Ngenxa yalokho, ukucindezeleka kungase kungabangeli "imbangela" ngqo emiseleni kodwa esikhundleni sokushintsha noma ukukhulisa impendulo yokuzimela. Esinye isibonelo esinjalo yi-urticaria ye-cholinergic lapho ukuphefumula okuhlobene nokucindezeleka kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kokushisa okushisa.
Ukuzivocavoca
I-urticaria eyenziwe ngokuzivocavoca ifomu elihlukile elingavumelani ne-urticaria ye-cholinergic. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka uma umuntu esebenzisa imizuzu engama-30 edla ukudla okubangela ukudla, njengokolweni noma i-shellfish. Ukuzivocavoca ngokwakho ngeke kubangele imifantu.
Njenga-urticaria eyenziwe ukucindezeleka, ukukhululwa kwe-cortisol nama-hormone ngesikhathi sokuvivinya umzimba kubonakala kuqinisa ukungezwani kokudla okungezingeni eliphansi, okwandisa ukuhlushwa kwe-histamine kanye nokuphendula okuvuvukala. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kungaholela ekutheni umuntu asebenzise ingozi yokuphila ngokubulawa kwe-anaphylaxis.
Izifo kanye nezifo
Kunezifo ezithile nezifo ezithile lapho i-urticaria ejwayelekile khona.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulu ezinganeni ezincane ezingamaphesenti angama-80 amathuba abangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Ukusungulwa kwempendulo yamagciwane kungase kubangelwe into elula njengokubanda. Izinyosi zivame ukukhula phakathi nesonto lokutheleleka futhi ngokuvamile zixazululwe ngesonto noma ezimbili ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
Kunezinye izifo ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nemifantu, eziningi zazo ezizimele futhi ezinye zazo zihlobene nokutheleleka noma ukulimala. Zihlanganisa:
- Isifo esingenabuhlungu sezinso (CKD)
- I-Dermatitis herpetiformis , i-autoimmune disorder yesikhumba ehlobene nesifo se-celiac
- I-Hashimoto's thyroiditis , isifo esizimele esihambisana nomsebenzi ophansi we -roid
- U-Helicobacter pylori , ukutheleleka okuvamile kwesibindi kwesisu
- I-Hepatitis B , ukutheleleka kwegciwane lesibindi
- I-Hepatitis C , ukutheleleka kwegciwane lesifo esingenasifo sesibindi
- I-Lupus , isifo se-systemic (umzimba wonke)
- I-Lymphoma , uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi
- Ukutheleleka kwamathumbu emathunjini, njengeGiardia lamblia no- Anisakis simplex
- I-Polycythemia vera , umdlavuza okhula kancane we-bone lomnti
- I-arthritis ye-rheumatoid , uhlobo oluzimele lwe-arthritis
- I-Sjogren syndrome , isifo esizimele esithinta izigulane ezikhiqiza umswakama
- Thayipha isifo sikashukela se-1
- I-Vasculitis , ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi enezimbangela zombili ezizimele kanye nezingezona ezizenzakalelayo
Izifuba ezibangelwa lezi zinhlobo zezifo zivame ukuhlala zingelapheki noma ziphikelela uma nje ukutheleleka okuyisisekelo kushiywe kungalashwa.
Izinkukhu ezinamandla, okwamanje, ngezinye izikhathi zingase zenzeke ngezifo ezincane ezenza amagciwane, ama-bacterial, noma amafungal , njenge- coxsackievirus , strep throat , kanye nomlenze womdlali .
> Imithombo:
> Griffiths, C .; Barker, J .; Bleiker, T. et al. I-Rook's Bookbook of Dermatology (9th ed). West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Son; 2016.
> Lee, S .; Ha, E .; I-H. et al. Ukuqhathaniswa nezingozi ze-Urticaria Ngokugxila Ku-Urticaria Engapheli Ezinganeni. Ukuphefumula kwesifo sofuba Immunol Res . 2017; 9 (3): 212-19. I-DOI: 10.4168 / aair.2017.9.3.212.
> Schaefer, P. I-Urticaria Ephuthumayo Neyengunaphakade: Ukuhlolwa Nokunakekelwa. Am Fam Physician. 2017; 95 (11): 717-724.