Izidakamizwa Zisebenza Ngokungafani Ukuqeda noma Ukuvimbela Ama-Flare-Ups
Imithi yokwelashwa i-inhaler iyinhloko yokwelapha abantu abanezifo ezingavamile zokuphazamiseka kwegazi (COPD) . Esikhundleni sokulinda iphilisi ukuletha imithi ngegazi, i-inhalers ihambisa izidakamizwa emthonjeni wenkinga, ukufeza imiphumela esheshayo, ehlosiwe.
Kukhona ama-inhalers aqukethe imithi eyodwa kuphela (i-monotherapy) nabanye abahambisa izidakamizwa eziningi ngezindlela ezahlukene zezenzo.
Izidakamizwa zingahle ziphulwe zibe izigaba ezintathu ezibanzi:
- Ama-bronchodilator amancane asebenzayo
- Ama-bronchodilators asebenza isikhathi eside
- I-steroids engabhalisiwe
Ngamunye usebenza ngendlela ehlukile ekwelapheni noma ekuvimbeleni i-COPD futhi inikeza umgogodla owodwa omunye umlomo noma umuthi ongenayo.
I-Bronchodilators Yesikhashana
Abanye abantu abaneCOPD bazothola kuphela izimpawu (ukuphefumula, ukuvuthwa) lapho bezikhandla. Kulabo bantu ngabanye, odokotela ngokuvamile bayobeka i-bronchodilator esheshayo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-rescue inhaler.
Ama-bronchodilators asebenza ngokuvula (ukuhlanza) ama-sacs emoyeni (ama- bronchioles ) anqanyelwe ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwe-COPD. Ama-bronchodilator amancane asebenza ngokushesha "asheshayo futhi ashesha," okusho ukuthi asebenza masinyane futhi anikeze ukuphumula cishe amahora amane kuya kwanguyisithupha. Kufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela lapho zidinga futhi zithwalwe noma kuphi lapho uya khona uma kwenzeka uphuthumayo.
Kunezigaba ezimbili zezidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ama-bronchodilator ama-short-acting: ama- beta-agonists , ahlanganisa ama-receptors emaphaphu ukuze ayeke ama-spasms, nama- anticholinergics , okuvimbela amakhemikhali aqala ukuphazamiseka.
Ama-agonists ase-short-acting beta (SABAs) okwamanje avunyelwe e-US yilawa:
- I-Albuterol
- I-Xopenex (levalbuterol)
- I-Metaproterenol
- I-Terbutaline
I-anticholinergic esheshayo okwamanje ivunyiwe e-US yile:
- I-Atrovent (ipratropium)
Kukhona futhi ukuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiwe okubizwa ngokuthi i-Combivent equkethe ipratropium kanye ne-albutol ye-beta-agonist yama-short acting.
I-Bronchodilators Yesikhathi eside
Abantu abane- COPD ethuthukile bavame ukukhipha imithi engatholakali ethathwa nsuku zonke ukuthi inayo yini izimpawu noma cha. Lezi zidakamizwa zibizwa ngokuthi yi-bronchodilators ende.
Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuzikhandla bangakwazi ukuzuza kulezi zidakamizwa njengoba behlinzeka ukuvikelwa ngengubo kunoma iyiphi indawo kusuka emahoreni angu-12 kuya kwangu-24. Njengama-bronchodilators abambalwa, aqukethe isisindo se-beta-agonist noma anticholinergic.
Ama-agonists asebambe isikhathi eside (i-LABA) okwamanje avunyelwe e-US yilawa:
- Salmeterol
- I-performomist (formoterol)
- I-Bambuterol
- Indacaterol
- I-Brovana (i-arformoterol)
I-anticholinergics ehlala isikhathi eside evunyelwe e-US yilezi:
- I-Spiriva (i-tiotropium)
- Aclidinium
I-Steroids engenayo
Abantu abane-COPD enamandla bangase bangaphenduli kahle ama-bronchodilators asebenze isikhathi eside futhi ngokuvamile bayodinga "amandla" engeziwe okugcina umsebenzi wokuphefumula. Kulaba bantu ngabanye, i-steroids engatholakali ingasetshenziswa.
I-steroid engenayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i- glucocorticoids engenayo , inomthelela oqinile wokulwa nokuvuvukala futhi inganciphisa ngokushesha ukuvuvukala nokukhiqizwa kwe-mucus emoyeni we-airways. Zisebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-steroids ngomlomo kodwa zisebenza ngokushesha futhi zinciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuphazamiseka nokugula esibhedlela.
Zivame ukusetshenziswa kabili nsuku zonke futhi ngokuvamile zidinga isonto elilodwa "isikhathi sokulayisha" ngaphambi kokuba sisebenze ngokugcwele.
I-steroids ephazamisekile evame ukusetshenziswa ukuphatha i-COPD yilezi:
- I-Pulmicort (i-budesonide)
- I-Aerospan (flunisolide)
- I-Flovent (i-fluticasone)
- I-Asmanex (i-mometasone)
- QVAR (beclomethasone)
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlanganiswa ezihlanganisa i-steroids engatholakali:
- I-Symbicort (formoterol ne-budesonide)
- I-Advair (i-salmeterol ne-fluticasone)
- UBrio Ellipta (i-vilanterol ne-fluticasone)
Imithelela emibi ye-steroid engatholakali ijwayele ukungabi nkulu kunayo ye-oral or injected steroids. Bangase bahlanganise umlomo oyimpumputhe noma umphimbo, i-hoarseness (i-dysphonia), ne-candidiasis yomlomo (thrush).
Ukusebenzisa isikhathi eside kuhlotshaniswa nengozi enkulu ye-glaucoma kanye ne-osteoporosis.
> Umthombo:
> Vestbo, J .; Kubuhlungu, S .; Agusti, A. et al. "Isu lomhlaba jikelele lokuxilongwa, ukuphathwa, nokuvimbela isifo se-chronic obstructive pulmonary: summary summary GOLD." Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013; 187 (4): 347-65. I-DOI: 10.1164 / rccm.210204-0596PP.