Indlela Abasebenza Ngayo nokuthi Yini Engabathinta
I- bronchioles ingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sokuphefumula. Ziyizingxenye lapho umoya uqondiswa khona emphunjini nasemlonyeni kuya e- alveoli (izikhwama zomoya) ekupheleni komuthi wokuphefumula , ngokufana namagatsha amakhulu emzimbeni wokuphefumula, ama-bronchioles ayinawo i-cartilage.
Isakhiwo samaBronchioles
Njengoba umoya uphazamisekile, udonselwa emthonjeni bese ufaka i- bronchus esemqoka .
I-bronchus eyinhloko ihlukanisa ibe yi-bronchi emibili (eyodwa yamaphaphu ngamunye) eqhubeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuba ibe yi-bronchioles. Njengoba i-bronchioles iqhuma kancane kancane, efana namagatsha esihlahla, yilowo nalowo ubizwa nge-alveolus. Yilapho ukudluliselwa kwe-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide egazini kwenzeka.
I-bronchioles ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlobo ezintathu, ngayinye ihamba kancane kancane:
- I-lobular bronchioles (i-lobes emikhulu)
- I-bronchioles yama-Rerminal (cabanga ngamasekhondi ukudluliselwa)
- I-bronchioles yokuphefumula (enesibopho sokuqondisa umoya e-alveoli)
I-bronchioles ye-lobular kanye ne-terminal eyaziwa ngokuthi "isikhala esiphelile" ngoba nje akukho ukushintshanisa emoyeni okwenzeka kulezi zidlule. Ama-bronchioles ngokwawo amancane, kusuka ku-0.5 kuya ku-1 mm ububanzi.
Umsebenzi weBronchioles
Nakuba i-bronchi inezindandatho ze-cartilage ezizozigcina zivulekile, ama-bronchioles ahlanganiswe nezicubu ezibushelelezi zomzimba.
Lokhu kuvumela ukuba bathole isivumelwano futhi bahlaziye, belawula ngokuphumelelayo ukugeleza komoya njengoba kwenza indlela eya e-alveoli.
Ngokwehla, futhi kubashiya labo abasengozini ezakhiweni ezingokwemvelo ezingabangela ukuba bavumelane futhi, kwezinye izimo, banciphise unomphela. Ebizwa ngokuthi i- bronchoconstriction , le mpendulo ingabangelwa intuthu kagwayi, imfucumfucu enobuthi, umoya obandayo, kanye nezifo, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Nakuba ukuxilongwa kwe-bronchiole kuhloswe ukugcina i-irritants ngaphandle kwemimoya yomoya, kungabangela ukucindezeleka okuphefumulayo, ngezinye izikhathi kuyinkimbinkimbi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, i-adrenaline namanye amahomoni akhululwa ngomzimba ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka futhi avumele umoya ukuba uphuthuke emaqenjini.
Uhlobo oluthile lweseli olutholakala ku-bronchioles (olubizwa ngokuthi i-Type 2 alveolar cell) lubophezelekile ekusithekeni kwezinto (okubizwa ngokuthi ama-surfactants) okuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-bronchioles awanakho ngesikhathi se-exhalation. Olunye uhlobo lwamaseli (abizwa ngokuthi amangqamuzana eqembu) ukuvikela amaprotheni aphula noma yiziphi izidakamizwa okungenzeka ziye zathola indlela yazo phansi komuthi wokuphefumula.
Izinkinga ze-Bronchioles
Njengoba i-bronchioles ingenayo i-cartilage yokusekela, cishe iyakwazi ukuthinteka yizimo ezibangela ukungena kanye / noma ukuvinjelwa kwe-airways. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izimpawu zingabandakanya ukuvuthwa , ukuphefumula, ukuphefumula kanzima ( ukubuyiselwa ), kanye ne-cyanosis (umbala wesikhumba we-bluish obangelwa ukungena kwe-oxygen).
Kunezimo eziningana ezingaphazamisa ngqo umsebenzi we-bronchioles. Phakathi kwazo:
- I-brronchiolitis ukuvuvukala kwama-bronchioles ngokuvamile kubonakala kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emihlanu nesithupha. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa amagciwane afana ne-respiratory sycytial virus (i-RSV) nomkhuhlane. Ukwelashwa ngokuyinhloko kugxile ekuphatheni izimpawu kuze kube yilapho ukutheleleka sekuphelile. Ezimweni ezimbi, i-ventilator ingadingeka.
- I-asthma ibangelwa ngokuyinhloko ngama-allergen noma amathonsi emoyeni. Izifo zokuphefumula nazo zingabangela i-asthma ezinganeni. Ukwelashwa kuqukethe imithi yokwehlisa umoya (ama-bronchodilators) kanye nokuqedwa noma ukugwema noma yikuphi okwenziwe i-allergen.
- I-Bronchiolitis obliterans yisimo esingavamile futhi esibi kakhulu esiyithinta kakhulu abantu abadala lapho ama-bronchioles ehlukumezeka khona futhi ephazamisa ikhono lomuntu lokuphefumula. Izimbangela zingabandakanya ukungena emfucumfwini onobuthi, ukutheleleka kwegciwane, ukuguquka komzimba, kanye nesifo samathambo. I-bronchiolitis obliterans ayinakuphikisana futhi ngokuvamile idinga ukwelapha oksijini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-steroids. Ezimweni ezimbi, ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungadingeka.
> Umthombo
- > Inhliziyo kazwelonke, iLung, ne-Blood Institute: Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zempilo (NIH). "Uhlelo Lokuphefumula." Bethesda, Maryland; NgoJulayi 17, 2012.