Uma udinga ukufunda ukuthi ungayifunda kanjani izindebe - isibonelo, uma ulahlekelwe ngokuzumayo kokuzwa - ungafuna ukuqeqeshwa komuntu siqu ku- lipreading noma ungashintsha kwisofthiwe ye-lipreading yezentengiselwano. Nansi ukubuka kabanzi kweminye izinhlelo ezithandwayo ze-lipreading:
I-sensimetri ikhiqiza uhlelo Ukubona nokuzwa Inkulumo. Le nkampani igqugquzela isofthiwe yayo njengendlela efanelekayo noma imfundo yokufundisa, noma ukuzihlola ngokuzimela.
Ukuze usize abantu bafunde ukufunda izindebe, isofthiwe inikeza izindawo ezintathu zokufunda ezihlukene: ngaphandle nangaphandle kwamazwi noma umsindo. Abafundi bafundiswa nendlela yokubona ukuthi yimaphi amagama agcizelelwe enkulumweni. Uhlelo luhlela inkulumo ngezigaba ezine: amakholomu, ama-consonants, ukucindezeleka, nokuxhumana kwansuku zonke. Ukuze uthuthukise ukufunda, abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukulawula ijubane lenkulumo esibukweni. Njengoba ukuphenya ngokuphenya kungaba yinselele kumsindo wangemuva, abasebenzisi bangaziqeqesha ukuze baqonde inkulumo emisindo ehlukahlukene yasemuva, njenge-traffic. Uma bazizwa bekulungele, abafundi bangazihlola, futhi bagcine imiphumela yabo yokuhlola.
Ukuzwa imibono kungenye inkampani ye-software ye-lipreading. Umkhiqizo wabo "Ngiyabona Lokho Okushoyo." Incazelo kwi-website yabo ithi umkhiqizo uzokusiza abantu bafunde ukufunda izindebe uma imisho noma amagama ekhulunywa. Izindawo ezihlukahlukene zinikeza ukufunda.
Isayithi linezithombe ezibonisa izimo ezinselele lapho izindebe zomuntu zisendaweni yokufunda okulukhuni, njengokushaya izindebe noma ukuvula izindebe okuningi. Ku-YouTube, inkampani iyakuzwaVisions1, futhi inikeza ividiyo yesampula.
Udokotela nomcwaningi e-Australia, uDkt. Mary Allen, baqale uhlelo lwakhe.
UDkt. Allen wayesebenze isingeniso ekufundiseni i-lipreading ngosizo lwekhompyutha. Ngenxa yocwaningo lwakhe, wakhetha uhlelo lwe-software lwe-self-instruction. Uthi le software ihlolwe kubantu abadala abangu-38 abaphuthumayo ukukala ukusebenza kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlinzeka ngevidiyo yomncintiswano wangempela we-lipreading. Iminye imikhiqizo yayo ihlanganisa iphakheji lama-photo card amakhadi angu-33 abonisa imisindo yenkulumo njengama-vowels nama-consonants kanye ne-poster yazo zonke amakhadi wesithombe.
Lipreader uhlelo olutholakala e-United Kingdom ngokusebenzisa inkampani uDavide Smith Software. Isofthiwe isebenzisa izindlela ezithweswa iziqu, ngokuqala ngezinhlamvu nemisindo nokuqhubekela phambili kwimisho egcwele. Abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukulawula ijubane lenkulumo. Lolu hlelo lubonisa amakhompiyutha amakhompiyutha kanye nama-consonants futhi anemodi evulekayo kuphela yabasebenzisi ukuze bafunde i-alfabhethi yolimi lwezandla lwamaBrithani kulawa mavoli kanye namakholi afanayo. Amamodeli wokufunda engeziwe afaka phakathi ukubuza imibuzo nezimpendulo, amavesi agcwele, kanye nemodi yokuqhathanisa yokufunda umehluko emkhatsini wezinhlamvu zomlomo ezifanayo. (Ungatshela umehluko phakathi kwe- "d" ne "z" ngokusebenzisa i-lipreading yedwa?) Ukuze wenze ukufunda kujabulise ngokwengeziwe, loluhlelo lubuye lube ne-puzzle futhi luvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafake amagama, imisho, kanye namavesi abo.
Umdali wohlelo, uDavid Smith, unesifo sikaMeniere , esingabangela ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa.
I-Speechreading Laboratory, Inc. ikhiqiza lolu hlelo Funda i-Lip Lips. Umdali nguRobert L. Russell, Ph.D. Esikhundleni sezinhlamvu, uhlelo luqala ngamagama ngaphambi kokuqhubekela phambili emishweni nemisho. Ayikho umsindo ngoba abadali bakholelwa ukuthi umsindo wokugodla uzophoqa abafundi ukuba bafunde kangcono; Kunalokho, abantu bazama ukuqagela lokho okushiwo ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo luphendule ngemininingwane . Abafundi bajwayele ukuzama ukuqonda abantu abangaba ngu-40 babo bonke ubudala, kuhlanganise namadoda anezimvu zamanzi (kunzima kakhulu ukuphambanisa umuntu onamadevu).
Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa ukuphenya ngezilungiselelo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokudla etafuleni lesidlo sasekuseni.
Abadala abadala nabancane abasebasha
Kuphumelela kanjani ukufunda ukufunda izindebe usebenzisa isofthiwe? Kungase kuncike eminyakeni yobufundi be-lipreading. Abacwaningi eWashington University bafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhono lokubhala ngokusobala liyanqamuka uma lineminyaka yobudala. Bahlaziya ikhono lokuziphendulela labasha abangama-43 (isilinganiso esiphakathi kweminyaka engaba ngu-20) kanye nabantu abangu-38 abadala (isilinganiso seminyaka engu-76). Abahlanganyeli bokufunda kwakudingeka babukele, ngaphandle komsindo, isikhulumi sesifazane sisho imisho. Khona-ke kwakudingeka bakhethe (kusukela ohlwini) umusho abacabanga ukuthi isikhulumi sasisho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakudingeka ukhethe amagama agcwalise izikhala emibuthanweni. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi abantu abasha abasebancane babe nezibalo ezingcono kakhulu ze-lipreading. Isibonelo, abantu abadala abasebasha bahamba kahle phakathi kuka-11 no-72% wesikhathi, uma kuqhathaniswa no-1 no-56% wesikhathi sabantu abadala. Imvelo ngokufundiswa i-Lipreading ihlola ukuthi ukuphenya ngokuphambana kuyinto engokwemvelo, noma uma kuyinkhono engafundiswa.
Imithombo:
Feld, uJulia E. kanye noMitchell S. Sommers. I-Lipreading, Speed Speed, ne-Working Memory ku-Younger and Older Adult. Umagazini Wezinkulumo, Ulimi, Nokuzwa Ucwaningo. 2009 uDisemba; 52 (6): 1555-1565.