Insimu Ekhulayo Ekhulayo
Umthetho ovela kwi-Telecommunications Act ka-1996 okwenza amazwibela avaliwe kumsakazo wezomsakazo wandisa kakhulu ukufunwa kwezinsizakalo zokusakaza amagama. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kunesidingo esiningi sokuhumusha kwangempela-isikhathi sabantu abayizithulu nabanobunzima bokuzwa . Mhlawumbe unesithakazelo ekubeni yisihloko, noma ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi noma isikhathi sangempela (bukhoma).
Kulula ukuba yisihloko se-captioner ungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi kunamagama-ncazo we-real-time, kodwa kunemali engaphezulu, futhi mhlawumbe nokuphepha komsebenzi okungaphezulu, ekuchazeni isikhathi sangempela.
Ukufinyelela Ukufinyelela Kwe-Real-Time Translation (CART) Abahlinzeki
Ukuze ube umhlinzeki we-CART, uqale uqeqeshiwe njengomlobi wenkantolo. Khona-ke, usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-CART ukuze unikeze ukuhumusha kwenkulumo yangempela-sikhathi kanye nenkhulumomphendvulwano kubantu abayizithulu nabanzima. Bahlinzeka ngokubhala ngokushesha. Ungenza lokhu ngomuntu, kodwa ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokude usebenzisa i-intanethi noma uxhumano lwefoni.
I-Captioner engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi
Amagama-ncazo we-captioner engaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi ohlelweni lwevidiyo olurekhodwe ngaphambilini njengama-movie nokuhlelwa kwethelevishini. Isofthiwe yezwi lokungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi litholakala kalula. Ukuchazwa kwamagama angekho okungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi kuhlanganisa amakhono afana nokufunda amakhodi kanye nokuvumelanisa nabo ngamazwibela, ngokusebenzisa amakhompiyutha, nokuba namakhono amaNgisi amahle.
Amanye amasevisi we-captioning azobhalela iskripthi ngaphambi kokushicilela amagama, okusho ukuthi alalela uhlelo lwevidyo futhi alungiselele iskripthi ukuze asebenze ngezinjongo zokuchaza amagama.
Ngokuvamile kuyabiza kakhulu ukucaphuna uma kukhona iskripthi esilungisiwe kakade. Ukunethezeka kokungena ebhizinisini kusize ukugcina izindleko zokuchazwa ngamazwana ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Ngaphandle kwezinsizakalo zokuzichazela ezizimele, izindlu eziningi zokuthunyelwa kwe-post-production zinikeza nezinsizakalo zokungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi.
I-Real-time Captioning
Ukuba isikhombisi-sithombe sangempela-sikhathi, ngezinye izikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi umshicileli wokusakazwa noma isitatimende somsakazo, kuhilela ukuqeqeshwa okujulile nokuzijwayeza.
I-captioner yesikhathi sangempela ingasebenza ngokuzimela njengonkontileka, noma njengesisebenzi senkonzo yokubhala amagama noma isiteshi sesithelevishini. Izikole eziningi zokubika inkantolo namakholeji, ikakhulukazi amakholeji omphakathi , unikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwegama lokusakaza ukuze kuhlangane nesidingo sokwanda. I-captioner yesikhashana sangempela enekhono ingathola imali engaba ngu-$ 127,000 ngonyaka, ngezindleko ezingena ezingeni elifinyelela ezingeni lika-46,000 zamaRandi kanye nesilinganiso semali esingaba ngu-$ 67,000.
I-captioner yesikhashana sangempela kufanele ibe nesiNgisi esihle, ibe nenembile kakhulu, thayipha ngokushesha, futhi ube namandla. Kumelwe abe namakhono we-stenographic ngoba i-shorthand esetshenzisiwe isetshenziselwa imishini yokubhala amagama ephilayo. Abaqapheli be-real-time baye bavame ukwenza umsebenzi wamaqhawe, ukucaphuna ama-intanethi amahora ngaphandle kokuphumula kwezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nezenzakalo ezinkulu zezindaba.
Lo msebenzi ongenziwa kude ngoba uhilela isixhumanisi sokudla okusakazwa bukhoma, okusho ukuthi ucingo luyakwazi. Noma kunjalo, amazwibela asekhaya asetshenziselwa ukuthenga amakhompyutha, isofthiwe, kanye nemishini yokubhala amagama. Ukwengeza, i-captioner yesikhashana sangempela kufanele itshale amahora angeziwe ngaphandle kwegama elibhalwe kwangempela elungiselela ukusakazwa ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi izichazamazwi zamishini yazo zisesikhathini nemigomo abazoyibeka ngayo amagama.
Uma ufuna ukuba isichazamazwi sangempela-isikhathi, amakholeji amaningi nezikole zokubika inkantolo zinikeza ukuqeqeshwa namadigri. I-National Reporters Association Association (NCRA) inikeze isitifiketi esiqinisekisiwe se-Broadcast Captioner, ukwandisa ubuchwepheshe balo msebenzi. Ngokulindele ukufuna okuqhuma, uhulumeni wesifundazwe unikeze izibonelelo kumakholeji amaningana ukwandisa ukutholakala kwezinhlelo zokuqeqesha zokusakaza amagama nokwandisa ukunikezelwa kwamagama-ncazo abanjwe abaqeqeshiwe.
Iwebhusayithi ka-NCRA ihlanganisa uhlu lwezikolo zokubika zenkantolo eziqinisekisiwe, hhayi zonke ezinikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwegama lokusakaza.
Ukubhala ngezwi kuyindlela ehlukile yesikhathi sangempela lapho i-captioner yesikhathi sangempela isebenzisa inkulumo ukuze iqondise yonke into enkulumweni yezwi lenhlelo yevidiyo ngezwi, kufaka phakathi iziphumlisi kanye nokuhlonza isikhulumi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-headset yekhompyutheni noma i- "mask" noma i-silencer yezwi enemakrofoni. Izinkokhelo zemishini ngqo kwikhompyutha, eveza ukuhumusha okusheshayo usebenzisa isofthiwe yokuqaphela inkulumo. Le mibhalo ehumushiwe isakazwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngekhompiyutha kumbhalo-nkcazelo wekhodiwe evaliwe (isiqeshana semishini esichazela amagama evidiyo).
Ukuthola Imisebenzi Yengcaphuno Ekhona
I-NCRA igcina ibhange lomsebenzi elibeka ngokuyinhloko imisebenzi yokubika enkantolo. Abanye abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-captioning bangathumela uhlu lwemisebenzi emawebhusayithi abo.