Ingabe iyindawo evikelekile kubantu abahlala neCOPD?
Abantu abanesifo esingenasifo sokuphefumula (COPD) bayelulekwa ukuba bayeke ukubhema njengendaba. Ephendula, abanye baye baqala ukubhema ugwayi kagesi-owaziwayo njenge- e-cigarettes- noma "indlela ephephile" yokubhema noma indlela yokuhamba kancane kancane.
Okokuqala wangena emakethe ngo-2003, amadivaysi asemukelwe kahle kulabo abazizwa bengaphansi kokuzikhandla ekukhawuleni umkhuba.
Abanye baye baba nomdlandla kakhulu, befakazela ukuthi abukho ubufakazi bokusekela ukusetshenziswa kwabo ekubhemeni izinhlelo zokuyeka ukukhipha ukubhema ngenkathi kuphakamisa ukuthi amadivaysi enza izingozi zezempilo ezingathí sina.
Ukucubungula kwe-e-cigarettes kwaholela e-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ukumemezela ngokusemthethweni ukulawulwa kwazo zonke izinhlelo ze-electronic nicotine kwezidingo ngo-2016. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izingxenye ze-e-cigarettes kanye ne-e-liquids, cartridges, flavourings, kanye ama-atomizers.
Kodwa ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi i-e-cigarettes "iyingozi," noma ingabe inezinto ezibenza zifanele abantu abaneCOPD?
Indlela E-Cigarettes Work
Ama-e-cigarettes amadivayisi anikwe amandla ebhetri agcwele isixazululo se-nicotine, amanzi, ne-propylene glycol. Ziyi-cylindrical shape futhi zenziwe ukuba zivele zifana nogwayi. Uma uthatha umqubu munye, ibhethri izoshisa isixazululo bese udala umswakama ongayifaka.
Isenzo, esivuselela ukuzwa ukubhema, kubizwa ngokuthi "kuqhuma."
I-Nicotine iyisimo esiphuthumayo esitholakala kugwayi okuyisihluthulelo sokulutha ukubhema kodwa akulona uqobo olubhekwa njenge- carcinogenic (okwenza umdlavuza). Kunconywa ukuthi ngokususa i-tar kusukela ekuhlanganyeleni kokubhema, abantu abasebenzisa i-e-cigarettes bayoba nokunye okunye okuphephile kugwayi.
Izinzuzo zokusetshenziswa kwe-E-Cigarette
Naphezu komthetho omkhulu we-FDA nokumiswa kwemithetho kahulumeni kanye neyendawo yokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwabo emphakathini, abaxhasi bayakholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi izinzuzo ze-e-cigarettes zidlula kakhulu izigameko ezibonakalayo. Kukhona ucwaningo lokusekela le mibono.
Ucwaningo oluyinhloko olwanyatheliswa ngo-2017 nolwesekelwa yiCancer Research UK lwathola ukuthi abantu abaye baphenduka ugwayi ovamile baye e-cigarettes babe namazinga aphansi kakhulu ama-carcinogen emzimbeni wabo kunabo abaqhubeka bebhema. Abacwaningi baphinde baphetha ngokuthi ukungena kwe-nicotine kwakungekho okukhulu kunezinhlayiya ezivamile nokuthi "kukhona ingozi ephansi kakhulu" ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwamadivayisi.
Imiphumela efanayo ayizange ifinyelelwe kubantu abasebenzisa i-e-cigarettes nje njengendlela yokususa. Kulabo bantu, izinga lamagciwane e-fluids yomzimba lalifana nokuthi ngabe baqhubeka bebhema ugwayi kuphela.
Ezinye izifundo, okwamanje, ziye zaba nenselele ukucabanga ukuthi i-e-cigarettes ayizisi abantu ukuthi bayeke ukubhema. Ukuhlaziywa kuka-2016 kwezingu-6 ezihlanganisa ababhemayo abangu-7 531 kubike ukuthi i-e-cigarettes yasiza ngempumelelo amaphesenti angu-18 ukuyeka ukubhema-cishe isilinganiso esingaba kathathu izinga labantu abakwa-US.
I-Cons yokusetshenziswa kwe-E-Cigarette
Naphezu kocwaningo olusekela ukusetshenziswa kwe-cigarette, abaphikisana nabo baphikisa inselele imiphumela, befakazela ukuthi bahlinzekela nje kuphela imidwebo yemiphumela engenzeka. Ngisho nezifundo zokuqeda ukubhema, bambalwa abaye babheka ngaphezulu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ukuhlola ukuthi izinzuzo zingapheli kangakanani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaphikisana nabo basikisela ukuthi izingozi ze-e-cigarette ziyanda kakhulu ngaphandle kwengozi ye-tar. Ngokwe-2016 isifundo se-University of Connecticut, ukubhema kungabangela izinga elifanayo lokulimala kwe-DNA kumaphaphu njengogwayi, izinguquko zazo ezifaka engozini enkulu yomdlavuza.
Ngokwengxenye yabo, i-FDA ne-US Surgeon General baye baxwayisa ngalunye, bacebisa umphakathi ukuthi:
- Ama-e-cigarettes angakhuphula umlutha we-nicotine kubantu abasha futhi uwahole, esikhundleni sokuwayeka, ugwayi ovamile. Kusukela ngo-2005, ukusetshenziswa kwe-e-cigarette kubantu abasha kuye kwanda ngamaphesenti angu-900.
- Amanye ama-e-cigarettes angaqukatha izithako ezinobuthi kubantu. Ezimweni ezishicilelwe kamuva, i-FDA ithole ukukhishwa kwama-brand e-cigarette amabili ehola phambili kanye nemikhakha ephezulu ye-formaldehyde emikhiqizweni ephezulu ye-e-cigarette. Iqiniso yilokhu esisazi ngisho nokuthi yiziphi izixazululo eziningi ze-e-liquid ezithengiswayo.
- Ukwehliswa isikhathi eside kwe-flavorings ethile (i-diacetyl enjalo esetshenziselwa ukulingisa ibhotela le-popcorn) ingabangela umonakalo ongasenakuguquka wamaphaphu, ngokusho kwe-US Surgeon General.
- I-Nicotine ngokwayo ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengophephile njengoba ingathinta kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo yengane futhi idale ngisho nokulimaza emntwaneni osathuthuka (okuholela ekutheni isisindo sokuzalwa esingaphansi, ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, kanye nengozi ekhulayo yokuzalwa kwezingane ngokungazelelwe).
Indlela Engcono kakhulu Yokuyeka Ukubhema
Indlela oyikhethayo ukuyeka ukubhema yinto nje yokuzikhethela. Nokho, ngaphakathi komongo we-COPD, udinga ukucabangela izici ezimbili ezibalulekile:
- Ukusebenzisa i-e-cigarettes indlela yokugudluza akuyona into ehlukile kunokuba iguqulwe ngaphandle kwe-e-cigarettes. Izinga lokuhluleka liphakeme kakhulu. Uma uhlela ukuyeka, kungcono ukuyeka konke ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi usebenzise noma yiziphi izinsiza zokubhema okudingeka uziyeke.
- Asisazi ngokugcwele ukuthi ukuphika (noma yiziphi izithako ezihilelekile ekuthintekeni) impikiswano ye-COPD. Esikhathini esifushane, akuvamile ukuthi abanye bazwe umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ukucasuka kweso, nomlomo owomile. Abanye abavuthayo abanakho izinkinga nhlobo. Ngokuqondene nemiphumela yesikhathi eside, asikwazi nje ukuthi ukuqhuma kungahle kwenzeke noma kungalimazi kanjani amaphaphu awonakele kakade.
Njengalokhu, udinga ukwenza isahlulelo esinolwazi ngaphambi kokukhetha ukusiza ukubhema komunye. Lokhu kufaka phakathi u-e-cigarettes noma nanoma iyiphi enye indlela yokuletha i-nicotine emakethe. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole inketho engcono kuwe.
> Imithombo:
> Rahman. A .; UHann, N .; UWilson, A .; et al. "I-E-cigarettes nokuqeda ukubhema: Ubufakazi obuvela ekubukeni okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwe- Meta- ". " PLoS One. 2015.
> Shahab, L .; Goniewicz, M .; I-Blount, B .; et al. "I-Nicotine, i-Carcinogen, ne-Toxin Exposure E-Long-Term E-Cigarette kanye ne-Nicotine Replacement Therapy Abasebenzisi". 2017; 366 (6): 390-400.
> UMnyango wezeMpilo waseMelika kanye nezinsizakalo zabasebenzi. "Ukusetshenziswa kwe-E-cigarettes Phakathi Kwabesifazane Nezinsana Abadala: Umbiko Wophrotheli Jikelele. "Washington, DC; 2016.
> Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa zase-US. "Ama-vaporizers, ama-E-cigarettes, nezinye izinhlelo ze-Electronic Nicotine Delivery (ENDS)." I-Silver Spring, eMadrid; April 2017.