Ingabe i-nicotine ibangela umdlavuza noma ingabangela ukuba umdlavuza usakaze? Iyiphi impikiswano i-nicotine enemithi yokwelapha? Njengoba okuningi nokuyeka ukuyeka ukubhema okuqukethe i-nicotine kutholakala, lokhu kuyimibandela ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngamanga okuqakathekile kakhulu inzuzo ye-nicotine yokuguqula ukwelashwa-ingasiza abantu baqede umkhuba owaziwa ukuthi ubangele umdlavuza (nezinye izifo eziningi.) Ngesinye isikhathi kukhona abantu abakhomba ukuthi i-nicotine ingaba yingozi nokuthi isetshenziswa kuqala njenge-insecticide.
Umphumela weNicotine eCanscer
Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo-indima ye-nicotine mayelana nomdlavuza-umbuzo kufanele uhlehliselwe ngezihloko eziningana. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sihlole indima ye-nicotine kulezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukwehlisa isisu noma ukuguqulwa komzimba - Lokhu kubhekisela emandleni okusebenza okwenza umonakalo (ukushintshashintsha kwe-DNA) kudingekile ukuguqula iseli evamile kumakhalekhukhwini wesifo somdlavuza .
- Ukukhushulwa kwezidakamizwa / Ukuqhuma Kweqhwa - Lokhu kubhekisela emandleni okusebenza okwenza isisu sibe sesivele sikhona ukuze sikhule ngokushesha futhi / noma sisakazeke (imetastimasi) kwezinye izifunda zomzimba ngokushesha.
- Umthelela ekwelashweni kwe- Cancer - Lokhu kubhekisela emthonjeni into engase ibe nayo emithini yokwelashwa, isibonelo, uma into evimbela noma ivimbela isenzo semithi yokwelapha i-chemotherapy.
Umsebenzi weNicotine udlala eCanscer
Nakuba izifundo zingakaze zenzeke kuzo zonke izimo ezikhona ze-nicotine kuzo zonke i-cancer. Futhi, eziningi zezifundo kuze kube manje ziye zenziwa kumagundane, amagundane, noma emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza akhulile ebhodini, siyazi okulandelayo:
- Umphumela weNicotine ekuHlukeni kokuThuthukiswa noma ukuThuthukiswa koMphakathi - Ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-nicotine inemisebenzi ye-mutagenic kanye nokukhuthaza ukulimala. Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi i-nicotine ingabangela ukulimala kwe-DNA-uhlobo lomonakalo ongabangela umdlavuza. Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi i-nicotine ivula inqubo ye-carcinogenesis-okusho ukuthi inqubo yeseli eba umdlavuza ekuphenduleni enye into iyathuthukiswa. Lokhu akusho ukuthi akuyingozi kulabo abangenayo umdlavuza. Imiphumela engezansi ingenzeka uma umdlavuza ukhona kodwa ungakatholakali.
- Umthelela ekukhusheni nokunyuka komzimba - Nakuba i-nicotine ingase ingabi necala lamaseli okuqala e-tumor eba umdlavuza, izifundo eziningana ezengeziwe zibonise ukuthi uma umdlavuza othile uqala, i-nicotine ingakhuthaza ukukhula kwesisu. Isibonelo, i-nicotine itholakale ukukhuthaza ukuhlukunyezwa komdlavuza we-pancreatic kumagundane. Kuye kwafunyanwa ukugqugquzela ukwandisa, ukuhlasela, nokufuduka kwamangqamuzana amathumba emdlashini ongasona omncane wesifo samaphaphu.
- Umphumela Wezimpendulo Zokwelashwa Kwemdlavuza - I-Nicotine itholakale iphazamisa ezinye zezokwelapha ngomdlavuza, okusho ukuthi ukuthi i-nicotine inganciphisa izinga lokusinda emdlalweni. Ngokwesibonelo, i-nicotine ingakhuthaza ukumelana nePlatinol yezidakamizwa (cisplatin) emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi, eziningi zalezi zifundo, i-nicotine ihlolwe ngokwahlukana nokubhema ugwayi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imiphumela yenziwa yi-nicotine yedwa kunezinye izinto ezikhona kugwayi.
Indlela i-Nicotine isebenza ngayo ekukhuthazeni ukukhula komdlavuza kanye nokusabalalisa nokunciphisa ukusebenza kwelashwa
Kunezindlela eziningana ezahlukene lapho i-nicotine itholakale khona ithinta ukukhula nokusabalalisa komdlavuza.
Lokhu kufaka:
- Ukwandisa ukuqaliswa komdlavuza (njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla).
- Ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-tumor (ngokuvuselela amaprotheni aphethwe ukuhlukaniswa kweseli nokukhula).
- Ukugqugquzela ukusabalala komdlavuza (isibonelo, ngokuthuthukisa i-motility yamaseli omdlavuza (njengoba kushiwo ngezansi).
- Ukwandisa i-angiogenesis - I-Nicotine ingathuthukisa ikhono lamakhansela ukukhiqiza imishaya yegazi entsha edingekayo ekukhuleni nasekuvimbeleni ukufa kwemvelo kwamaseli asekudala noma engavamile (apoptosis.)
- Kubangelwa usizo lwe-chemoreses - Ngokuvuselela izindlela ezihlukahlukene, i-nicotine ingabangela ukuba isisu singacabangi kakhulu kuma-chemotherapy agents.
Nakuba kuchaza izindlela eziqondile kakhulu kwezobuchwephesha nangaphandle kwalesi sihloko, izibonelo ezimbalwa zezindlela i-nicotine ezitholakale ukugqugquzela ukukhula nokusabalala kwamanqamu kufaka:
- I-Nicotine ingasebenza ngokubopha ama-receptors okuthiwa i-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (i-NAChRs.) Eqinisweni, lena yindlela indlela i-nicotine eyilutha ngayo. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zitholampilo i-nicotine ingashukumisa ukukhula kwezidumbu, ukugqugquzela ukwakhiwa kwemithambo yegazi entsha edingekayo ukuze umdlavuza ukhule ( angiogenesis ) futhi uvimbele ukufa (apoptosis) yamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Njengoba kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors phakathi kwabantu abahlukene, lemiphumela ingase ihluke phakathi kwabantu abahlukene. (Okuthakazelisayo, ukulutha komuthi we-nicotine onamandla kuhambisana nomngcipheko ophezulu wemdlavuza wamaphaphu.)
- I-Nicotine ivuselela amaprotheni okuthiwa yi-beta-arrestin-1. Le phrotheni nayo yenza ngcono ukuhamba kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza wamaphaphu avumela ukuba basakaze futhi bahlasele kalula.
Amanqamu axhunywe eNicotine Ngenye Indlela
Umphumela we-nicotine ekuqalisweni, ukuqhubekela phambili, kanye nokuphendula kokwelashwa akuzange kufundwe kuwo wonke amagciwane, kodwa kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi i-nicotine ingadlala indima eyingozi engenani indlela eyodwa yama-khansela alandelayo:
- Umdlavuza omncane weseli wamaphaphu
- Umdlavuza wamangqamuzana ongewona omncane
- Izinwele zekhanda nezintamo
- Umdlavuza wesisu (umdlavuza wesisu)
- Umdlavuza we-Pancreatic
- Umdlavuza we-Gallbladder
- Umdlavuza wesibindi
- Umdlavuza weColon
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
- Umdlavuza wezinso (umdlavuza we-renal cell)
Imithombo:
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Dasqupta, P. et al. Umtsetfo we-ARRB1-umlamuleli we-E2F ekuhloswe kwegciwane ekukhuleni kwe-nicotine ye-tumor lamaphaphu. Journal of the National Cancer Institute . 2011. 103 (4): 317-33.
I-Dinicola, S. et al. I-nikotini yandisa ukusinda emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza we-colon amasela aphathwe izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapeutic. Toxicology In Vitro . 2013. 27 (8): 2256-63.
I-Gemenetzidis, E. et al. Ukuguqulwa kwe-FOXM1 Kuyinto Yethu Ekuqaleni Kwegciwane Elimnyama Lomuntu I-Carcinoma futhi liqiniswa yiNicotine ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kweMalignant. PLos One . Ishicilelwe ngo-Mashi 16, 2009.
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UHermann, uP., et al. I-Nicotine ikhuthaza ukuqaliswa nokuqhutshwa kweKRAS-Inducu ye-Pancreatic Cancer nge-Gata6-Ukuxhaswa kweDedifferentiation yamaCells e-Acinar ku-Amagundane. I-Gastroenterology . 2014. 147 (5): 1119-1133.
I-Medjber, K. et al. Indima ye-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ekwandeni kwesisindo nokuhlasela kwe-tumor ku-caronomas ye-bronch0-pulmonary. I-Cancer Lung . 2015 Jan 15. (Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta).
I-Nair, S., Bora-Singhal, N., Perumal, D., no-S. Chellappan. Ukuhlasela kwe-Nicotine-mediated kanye nokufuduka kwamangqamuzana angewona amancane amangqamuzana e-cell lung ngokugudluza izakhi ze-STMN3 ne-GSPT1 ngendlela encike ku-ID1. I-Cancer Molecular . 2014. 13: 173.
Nishioka, T., et al. Ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kwe-epithelial factor receptors nge-nicotine ukuvezwa ukukhuthaza umdlavuza webele webele. Ucwaningo lweCanscer Breast > 2011. 13 (6): R113.
UPetros, W., Younis, I., Ford, J., no-S. Weed. Imiphumela yokubhema ugwayi kanye ne-nicotine ekwelapheni komdlavuza. Pharmacotherapy . 2012. 32 (10): 920-31.
UPillall, S. et al. I-B-arrestin-1 iqondisa imetastasis eyakhiwe yi-nicotine ngokusebenzisa i-E2F1 target target genes ezenza ushintsho lwe-epithelial-mesenchymal. Ucwaningo lweCans . Ishicilelwe ku-Intanethi Ngo-January 19, 2015.
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