Uma utshelwe ukuthi unayo i-bronchogenic carcinoma, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhathazekile kakhulu. Kusho ukuthini lokhu?
Incazelo
Ngokomlando , i-caronchooma ye-bronchogenic yimizwi esetshenziselwa ukuchaza imvelaphi yeminye imikhakha yomdlavuza wamaphaphu - okungukuthi leyo ephakama e-bronchi (emigwaqweni emikhulu kakhulu yamaphaphu) nama-bronchioles.
Manje, leli gama lisetshenziswe ngokungafani nomdlavuza wamaphaphu wazo zonke izinhlobo.
Ngenkathi igama elithi caronchoomaic carcinoma ngezinye izikhathi lingasetshenziswa endleleni endala-ebhekisela emangqamuzaneni emaphaphu avela emkhathini wangaphakathi kunomgwaqo wamaphaphu-ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuchaza noma yiluphi uhlobo noma i-subtype yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-carcinoma ye-bronchogenic:
- I-Cancer Small Lung Cancer : Umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu ubizwa ngokuthi ukubonakala kwamaseli ngaphansi kwe-microscope (amangqamuzana amancane.) Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lukhona cishe ngamaphesenti angu-15 abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- I-Can-Small Cell Lung Cancer : Ama-non-amancane omdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaphaphu angama-80 amaphesenti emdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi aphinde aphuluke e- lung adenocarcinoma , squamous cell carcinoma yamaphaphu , nomdlavuza omkhulu wamaphaphu omzimba .
Umlando
Phakathi neminyaka, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu kanye nendawo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ushintshile. Esikhathini esedlule, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu kwakuwumdlavuza we-squamous wamaphaphu (uhlobo lomdlavuza ongasona omncane wamaphaphu) kanye nomdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu wesifo (oat cell carcinoma.)
Okwamanje, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu lungumaphaphu adenocarcinoma. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ingxenye yalolu shintsho ingahle ihlotshaniswe nokwengezwa kwezihlungi kugwayi. Esikhundleni somdlavuza njengomdlavuza wesifo samangqamuzana wesifo samaphaphu nomdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu ngokuvamile ovela emiphakathini emikhulu yamaphaphu, i-lung adenocarcinoma ivame ukuvela ezindaweni ezikude ezihamba emaphashini.
Kunomuzwa wokuthi ukufakwa kwezihlungi kuvumela amakhemikhali anobuthi emsizeni wokubhema ukuba adonsele phambili emaphashini. Yiqiniso, umdlavuza wamaphaphu ukhona kubantu abangabhemi kanye nabantu ababhema, futhi i-adenocarcinoma yiyona ndlela evame kakhulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Izimpawu
Ukusebenzisa incazelo endala ye-bronchogenic carcinoma, izimpawu zivame ukuhlobene nokukhula komdlavuza emikhulu yezindiza. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu ezivamile zomdlavuza wamaphaphu zingabandakanya:
- Ukushaya igazi
- I-pneumonia ephindaphindiwe ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwe-airways ngendlala
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
Ngesikhathi samanje, i-lung adenocarcinoma iyindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, okubalwa ngamacala angu-40 kuya kwangu-50 wamacala. Lezi zicubu zivame ukukhula emaphethelweni emaphaphu, kunokuba ziqhube umoya ophakathi kwe-bronchi, futhi ngenxa yaleso sizathu, izimpawu ezivezwe ngenhla kungenzeka ukuthi azikho. Izimpawu zokuqala ze-lung adenocarcinoma zingase zibe nezibonakaliso ezifana nalezi:
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe
- Ukukhathala
- Ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ngokuzivocavoca
Izimbangela
Abantu abaningi bazi ukuthi ukubhema kuyimbangela yomdlavuza wamaphaphu , kodwa kunezinye izimbangela ezibalulekile kanye. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
- Ukudonswa kwe-Radon ekhaya : I-Radon iyimbangela yesibili eholela emdlalweni wamaphaphu kubantu ababhema, kanye nenombolo eyodwa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangabhemi.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningana. Ngesinye isikhathi udokotela uthola ukungavamile esikhwameni se-x-ray esenza ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo nesifo se-CT noma enye indlela yokucabanga. I- PET scan ingenziwa, ngoba lena yindlela ezwela kakhulu yokuthola ukusabalala komdlavuza wamaphaphu nokubeka ngokuqondile lesi sifo. Lokhu kubalulekile, njengoba ukuhlinzeka ngenkathi ukwelashwa kungukuthi ukhethe ukhetho lomdlavuza wamapayipi okuqala, angeke kunconywe kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu we-metastatic.
Uma kungavamile ukutadisha ekucwaningweni kokucabangela, odokotela bavame ukuphakamisa ukuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu kwenye ifomu ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kanye nokufunda ngephrofayili yamangqamuzana yomdlavuza wamaphaphu (ukuhlolwa kofuzo ).
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba ukwelashwa okusha kwamanye ama-subtypes emdlavuza wemaphaphu sekukhona. Uma unomdlavuza wamangqamuzana ongewona omncane, ikakhulukazi i-lung adenocarcinoma noma i-squamous cell carcinoma, khuluma nenkulumo yakho mayelana nokushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo ku-tumor yakho. Nakuba i-biopsy yamaphaphu isesilinganiso segolide sokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa, ngo-2016 ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuthiwa i- biopsy yamanzi ivunyiwe ukuhlolwa kwezinguquko ze- EGFR kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Ukuhlola
Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT-dose ephansi manje kuyatholakala kumdlavuza wamaphaphu, kubantu abahlangabezana nemigomo ethile. Kutholakale ukuthi kubantu abaneminyaka engama-55 no-80, abanomlando we-pack of year-30 wokubhema, futhi bangabhema noma bayeke eminyakeni engu-15 eyedlule, ukuhlolwa kunganciphisa izinga lokufa emdlalweni wamaphaphu ngamaphesenti angu-20. Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zinqubo, noma uma unezinye izici ezingozini zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlola.
Ukwelapha
Imithi yokwelapha udokotela wakho ayincoma iyoxhomeka ezintweni eziningana, kufaka phakathi uhlobo kanye nesigaba somdlavuza wamaphaphu othola ukuthi unayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ufunde ngokuxilongwa kwakho, njengoba ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abathintekayo ekunakekelweni komdlavuza wamaphaphu babe nemiphumela engcono. Ukwelapha kungabandakanya ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu , ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali , ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe , ukwelapha imishanguzo , kanye ne- immunotherapy .
Isibikezelo
Ngokudabukisayo, ukuchazwa kwe-carcinoma ye-bronchogenic kuhlale kuhlwempu, kanti isilinganiso seminyaka engu-5 sokusinda singamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-17. Ukuguquka kwesimo kuyahlukahluka ngokususelwa kuhlobo nomkhakha wesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu , kanti izinga lokusinda liba ngcono kakhulu uma kutholakala ezinyathelweni zokuqala zesifo. Nakuba lezi zibalo zikhungathekisa, ukuthuthuka ekwelapheni umdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyathuthukisa ukusinda, ngisho nabantu abanesifo se-metastatic (isigaba 4).
Ukubhekana nokusekela
Abantu abaningi basebenza ndawonye ngomzamo wokunciphisa ukucwasa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuba "isifo sokubhema." Akuzona nje ukuthi ababhemayo nabantu abayeka ukudala umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa kungakhathaliseki umlando wokubhema, wonke umuntu ogulayo ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu ufanelwe uthando, ububele, nokunakekelwa kwezempilo okungcono kakhulu.
Hlola amaqembu okusekela umdlavuza wamaphaphu noma emphakathini wakho noma ku-intanethi. Zifundise ngesifo sakho kanye nentuthuko entsha engase iphathelene nawe. Uma othandekayo wakho etholakele ukuthi unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, hlola lawa macebiso ekusekeleni othandekayo ngomdlavuza , futhi ukubhekana nengcindezi lapho othandekayo wakho enomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Umthombo:
I-National Cancer Institute. I-Cancer Lung - Yabasebenzi Bezempilo. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp.