I-epinephrine yangasese ekhethiwe yokuphatha i-anaphylaxis nezimo eziphuthumayo ze-allergenic
I-Anaphylaxis yindlela engathà sina kakhulu, esongela impilo yokwelashwa engase ikhule ngaphakathi kwamaminithi okuthola isikhala. Ngezinye izikhathi i-trigger iyaziwa (isibonelo, ukungenisa kokudla okuthile noma imithi, ukugaya izinambuzane noma ukulunywa, noma i -anaphylaxis eyenziwa ngokuzivocavoca ), futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukutholwa okuqondile akungaziwa.
Ukwelashwa kwalesi simo esibulalayo kudinga ukujova okusheshayo kwe-epinephrine emsimbeni womuntu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwethanga labo langaphandle.
Ngokwesiko, ama-self-injection e-epinephrine (abizwa ngokuthi ama-EAI), njenge-EpiPen, anqunywe odokotela ezigulini ezisengozini yokuphendula kwe-anaphylactic.
Kodwa enye imoto ye-epinephrine ivele. Ngo-June 2017, i-US Yokudla Nezidakamizwa Zokulawulwa Kwezidakamizwa yavuma ukuthi kutholakale isirinji esine-dose epinephrine ebizwa ngokuthi i-single-dose epinephrine esibizwa nge-Symjepi ekwelapheni okuqhubekayo kwe-anaphylaxis.
Nakuba engeyona inkaba ngokuphelele noma ukwelapha okuyingqayizivele-kusengaphambili i-epinephrine-Symjepi inikeza inketho ehlukile ku-EpiPen yendabuko, futhi ingase ibe yindawo engathembeki.
Isizathu esisodwa ukuthi ukuthi sincane kune-Epipen, ngakho-ke singenziwa esikhwameni sejazi noma esikhwameni. Kodwa okunye okuphawulekayo, yilokho ochwepheshe abasola ukuthi uSyjejepi uzoba eshibhile, umbono othobisa kulabo abasebenzisa imali ebalulekile ngonyaka ngonyaka we-EpiPens yabo.
Indlela uSyjepi (Epinephrine) Ephatha ngayo i-Anaphylaxis
I-Anaphylaxis ingathinta izitho eziningi emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi isikhumba, amaphaphu, inhliziyo, nokugaya.
Lokhu kungaholela ezibonisweni ezihlukahlukene ezifana nalezi:
- Ukuhlanza okukhulu nokushisa isikhumba (isibonelo, imihlathi )
- Ukuvuvukala kobuso, izindebe, umlomo noma ulimi
- Ukushisa
- Ukuphefumula okunenkinga
- Ukuthuthumela
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Uhudo nokuhlanza
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
- I-Lightheadedness kanye / noma ukuphelelwa amandla (kusuka ephansi kwegazi)
Isici esiyingozi kakhulu se-anaphylaxis ukuthi singagcina ekuboshiwe inhliziyo, lapho inhliziyo iyeka ukushaya.
Inhloso yeSympipi (epinephrine) njengendlela yokwelashwa kokuqala kwe-anaphylaxis ukulwa nemiphumela yalesi senzo esiyingozi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, u-epinephrine ubopha ama-receptors amabili asezintweni kuwo wonke umzimba, obizwa ngokuthi ama-receptors e-alpha-1 nama-receptors we-beta-2.
Ngokuvuselela lezi zitholampilo, i-epinephrine ilula imithwalo yegazi emzimbeni, futhi lokhu kuzophakamisa umfutho wegazi lomuntu. Futhi kunciphisa ukuvuvukala emphinjeni, emlonyeni, nasendleleni yokugaya futhi kukhulisa umoya womuntu, ngakho angaphefumula kalula. Okokugcina, i-epinephrine inciphisa ukukhululwa kwezinto ezinokuvutha njenge- histamine kusuka kumaseli omzimba wakho omzimba, okuthiwa ama-mast cells.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-Symjepi (Epinephrine) Phakathi ne-Anaphylaxis
Ngokungafani ne-EpiPen, okuyi-auto-injector, i-Symjepi iyinsilinga-isilinda egcwele i-0.3mg ye-epinephrine enesaliti ehlanganiswe kuyo. Esigodlweni esithandayo sinezinyathelo ezimbili ezilula zokufunda indlela yokuphatha imithi esimweni esiphuthumayo.
Umuntu angakwazi ukuziphatha noma omunye umuntu onjengomnakekeli noma ilunga lomndeni angaliphatha (isibonelo, umzali wengane). Kungakhathaliseki, ukuqeqeshwa okufanele ngumhlinzeki wezempilo womuntu lowo kubalulekile.
Ukuqeqesha kubalulekile ukuba kungabi nje kuphela ukuqinisekisa indlela efanele yokujola ngaphandle kokulimala, kodwa futhi ukubhekana nanoma imiphi imibuzo, imithombo yokudideka, noma ukukhathazeka ngokunikeza isibhamu.
Izinyathelo ezimbili ezibhalwe ngokucacile kwi-syringe zihlanganisa:
- Isinyathelo sokuqala: Vula i-Cap (lokhu kudalula inaliti)
- Isinyathelo sesibili: Faka isidingo esikhwameni-Emva kokusebenzisa ucingo 911 (uma kudingeka, ingasetshenziswa ngokugqoka ngezingubo)
Qaphela ukuthi imiyalo ithi ukushayela u-911, njengo-Symjepi akufanele athathe ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha eziphuthumayo-kumane nje isinyathelo sokuqala (sesikhashana), futhi lokhu kufana ne-EpiPen.
Uma itholakale, i-Symjepi izodayiswa emphakathini wezimbili, okufana nokuthengiswa kwe-epinephrine auto-injection okwamanje.
Inhloso yokunikeza umuntu ngamabili ukuze umuntu aqhutshwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi omunye angashiywa esikoleni, ekhaya, noma emsebenzini, njengokwesekela emuva, noma uma kudingeka umthamo wesibili.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi inani lezinsiza noma inject-auto elinqunywe udokotela liguquke kakhulu, njengoba kungekho mithetho eqinile futhi esheshayo noma isiqondiso abahlinzeki bezempilo abayilandelayo.
Lokhu kuthiwa, umthetho owodwa wokubusa kwesithupha, ngokusho kwe-World Hearth Organisation, ukuthi umuntu kufanele abe nomthamo owodwa we-epinephrine atholakalayo njalo emaminithini angu-10 ukuya kwangu-20 ngesikhathi sokuhamba ekamelweni eliphuthumayo.
Khumbula-ke ukuthi akufanele uphinde ujobe okungaphezu kwamabili isilinganiso se-epinephrin ngesinye isiqephu se-anaphylactic kuphela-udokotela kufanele anikeze amanani engeziwe.
Okokugcina, i-Symjepi itholakale kuphela (futhi izothengiswa) kumanani we-0.3mg, ephephile kubantu abalinganisa amapremu angu-66 noma ngaphezulu. I-version encane ye-Symjepi (efana no-EpiPen) kulindeleke ukuthi inikeze umthamo ophansi we-epinephrine kubantwana.
Ingabe Kunezimpembelelo Ezihlangene Ezihambisana Ne-Symjepi?
Lapho i-Symjepi efakwe, umuntu angase abe neminye imiphumela emibi. Noma kunjalo, sicela uqaphele ukuthi lemiphumela ngokuvamile iphila isikhathi esifushane futhi inzuzo yokujova i-epinephrine ikhulu kakhulu kulezi zingozi. Amanye amathonya afanelekayo afaka phakathi:
- Ukwesaba
- Isizungu
- Ubukhulu
- Ukuphunga
- I-nausea nokuhlanza
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kanye / noma okungavamile (okubizwa nge-palpitations)
- Umzwelo wokunganaki, ukwesaba, kanye / noma ukukhathazeka
- Izinkinga zokuphefumula
- Ikhanda
Ngokuvamile, izinkinga zenhliziyo ezinjenge-rhythm engavamile yokubulala inhliziyo zingase zenzeke. Okunye okungajwayelekile okungenzeka kube nemiphumela emibi ehambisana ne-epinephrin ukunyuka okusheshayo emzimbeni wegazi okungabangela ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni, futhi ukukhuphuka kwamanzi emaphashini-lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i- pulmonary edema .
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zimo ezimbi ezingavamile zingase zenzeke uma kwenzeka ngokweqile kwe-epinephrine, futhi ikakhulukazi uma inikezwa nge-vein (intravenously). Ngokuphindaphindiwe, inzuzo yokujova ngokushesha i-epinephrine ye-anaphylaxis inkulu kakhulu kulezi zingozi ezingenzeka.
Enye ingozi ehambisana noSyjepi ingabe ingakwazi ukubamba inaliti noma ukujova ngengozi. Lokhu kuvame ukuvela emunwe noma esandleni futhi kungabangela ukugeleza kwegazi okungaphelele, okungaba yingozi. Umjovo emagodini kuye kwabikwa ukuthi kuholele ekuguleni kwesigesi, ukutheleleka okukhulu kwebhaktheriya.
Uma umjovo wengozi kwenzeka, qiniseka ukuthi uya ekamelweni eliseduzane lesiphuthumayo. Ngokuvamile, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela inaliti yezinaliti ukumane ungalokothi ususe i-needle cap ku-syringe kuze kube yilapho isilungele ukusetshenziswa.
Okokugcina, ukutheleleka kungenzeka-nakuba lokhu kungavamile-esakhiweni somjovo. Ukutheleleka kungabangela isikhumba sizungeze isayithi lokujola ukuze sibe neshushu, ithenda, ukuvuvukala, kanye / noma obomvu. Uma kunjalo, qiniseka ukuthi ushayele udokotela wakho ngokushesha, njengoba ungase udinge i-antibiotic.
Izwi elivela
Ukwamukelwa kweminye indlela yokujola imithi yokonga impilo yokuphatha i-anaphylaxis kuyaphawuleka, futhi ngezindleko eziphansi, cishe kuzokwenza ukuba abantu abaningi bakhokhele amakhulu namakhulu amaRandi ngonyaka ukuze bathathe indawo yabo ye-epinephrine auto- injectors.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngabe unqunywe i-epinephrine autoinjector, njenge-EpiPen, noma isilwane se-epinephrine eselungisiwe esine-single-dose njenge-Symjepi (esikhathini esizayo), qiniseka ukuthi uthole ukuqeqeshwa okuvela kumhlinzeki wezempilo wezokusebenzisa kanjani idivayisi yakho . Buyekeza ukuqeqeshwa nodokotela wakho njalo ngonyaka, kanye nokuvuselela imithi yakho ye-epinephrine kadokotela.
Kulula nje, impilo yakho ingathembela kulokhu kuqeqeshwa ngolunye usuku.
> Imithombo:
> Pepper AN, Westermann-Clark E, i-Lockey RF. I-High Cose ye-Epinephrine Autoinjectors Nezinye izindlela ezingenzeka. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017 May - Jun; 5 (3): 665-68.
> Posner LS, Camargo Ca Jr. Ukuvuselela kokusetshenziswa nokuphepha kwe-epinephrine auto-injection, ngo-2017. I- Drug Healthc Patient Saf . 2017 Mashi 21; 9: 9-18.
> Umculi we-SH. (2017). Ukuchaza i-epinephrine ye-anaphylaxis yokwelapha. Ku: UpToDate, Kelso JM (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.
> Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa zase-US. (Juni 2017). Umjovo we-Symjepi (epinephrine) obeka ulwazi .