Ukusabela kwamandla omzimba okusheshayo, okunamandla okukhulu ku-allergengen isaziwa ngokwemithi njenge-anaphylaxis. Ngesikhathi izidakamizwa ezivamile zingabangela ukucheka, i-nose noma i-nosey eyiphunga, noma i-rash, i-anaphylaxis ibangela ukusabela okungalungile komzimba wonke.
Umlando
I-Anaphylaxis yaqala ukubonakala ekuqaleni kwawo-1900 ngenkathi yenza ucwaningo ukuze igwebe izinja ku-anemone venomone.
Esikhundleni sokuthuthukisa umkhuhlane we-anemone venomone, izinja zazikhungathekile ngokuchayeka okulandelayo.
Nakuba ukugoma kwakuhloswe ukuba kube nesilinganiso se-prophylactic sokusiza izinja, umphumela ohlukile wabonakala, ngakho baba nomphumela wokuphambene ne-prophylaxis, i-anaphylaxis.
Izinhlobo
Ukuphendula kwe-Anaphylaxis kulandela amaphethini amathathu. Ukuqonda ukuthi iphethini lakho lokulandela i-anaphylaxis lingakusiza ukuba uqonde (futhi usize ochwepheshe bezokwelapha baqonde) ukuthi kungcono kanjani ukuphatha iziphuthumayo zakho.
Ukuphendula kwe-Uniphasic (1 isigaba) yiphethini evamile kakhulu ye-anaphylaxis ukulandela. Cishe amaphesenti angu-70 kuya kwangu-90 amacala alandela le iphethini. Ukusabela okungafani kwe-uniphasic kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwangu-60 futhi ngokuvamile kuzoxazulula ngaphakathi kwehora elilandelayo.
Ukusabela kwesigaba se-Biphasic (2 isigaba) kuvamile izikhathi ezinhlanu ngaphezu kwengane kunabantu abadala kanye ne-akhawunti engaphansi kwezingu-23 kumacala angu-100 e-anaphylaxis. Ukuphendula kwe-biphasic kubonakala ngokuphindaphindiwe kwezimpawu ze-anaphylactic amahora ambalwa ngemva kokuxazulula izimpawu.
Ukusabela okwesikhashana kuyisimo esibi kunawo wonke kanye ne-rarest pattern ye-anaphylaxis. Ukuphendula okuqhubekayo kuqhubeka futhi kungadlulela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini amaningana.
Isistimu Yakho Yokuzivikela Emzimbeni
Ukusiza ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangela i-anaphylaxis , kuyasiza ukuqonda ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho anesibopho sokuvikela umzimba wakho ezintweni ezinobungozi ezifana namagciwane noma amabhaktheriya.
Ngenye yezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke zomzimba wakho ezakhiwa izitho zomzimba (i-bone marrow ne-thymus), izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlobo, namaphrotheni.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zokuzivikela: i-innate (izivikelo ozizalwa nazo) nokuguquguquka (okufundiwe noma okutholiwe).
I-Innate System Immune System
Isivikelo somzimba sakho sangasese sokuzivikela ngokwemvelo ukuthi uzalwa nalokhu kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukuba uthole ukutheleleka noma ukuchayeka kwamakhemikhali akingozi. Isikhumba sakho siyisivikelo sokuqala sokuvikela umzimba.
Ama-protein asekhona ematheni akho noma amanye amachiza omzimba adlala indima ebalulekile esimisweni sakho somzimba. I-saliva yakho iqukethe iphrotheni ebalulekile ebizwa nge-lysozyme evumela ukuthi izindonga zebhaktheriya zibhujiswe kalula. Amasosha omzimba akhethekile okuthiwa ama-phagocytes (afaka neutrophils, monocytes, noma ama-macrophages) nawo ayabalulekile futhi asebenza ngamabhaktheriya azungezile nezidlayo noma ezinye izinto ezinokulimaza.
System Immune Adaptive
Isivikelo sakho somzimba sokuzivikela siyingxenye yomshini wakho wokuzivikela ofunda kuyo yonke inkambo yokuphila kwakho.
Uma uzalwa, unamaseli we-T ne-B ane-receptors kuwo. Njengoba umzimba wakho udalulwa kuma-antigens ahlukahlukene (ubuthi), ama-T akho namaseli akho ahlangene wona ngokuqondile ukulwa ne-antigen evelele.
Yingakho uma usuvele udalwe kwezinye izifo, izifo ezalandela ziba mfushane esikhathini eside, noma ungase ungazi ukuthi uvezwe.
Ngokungafani nokuzivikela kwangasese, isistimu ye-immune eguquguqukayo ayikwazi ukudluliselwa ezinganeni zakho.
Izimbangela
Uma umzimba wakho uqala ukuvezwa kwi-allergen, umzimba wakho ungahlakulela amangqamuzana omzimba okuqondile okuqondene ne-allergen. Uma umzimba wakho uhlakulela amangqamuzana omzimba ku-allergen, khona-ke uzoba nezibonakaliso ze- allergies nokuchayeka okulandelayo.
Akuqondakali kahle ukuthi kungani abanye abantu beqala ukukhukhumeza kanti abanye abakwenzi. Uma uhlakulela ukungezwani komzimba umzimba wakho uzokuthuthukisa ama-antibodies eyaziwa ngokuthi i-immunoglobulin E (IgE), ezophendula njalo lapho umzimba wakho ubonakala ku-allergen.
I-Immunoglobulin E iyayiphenduka ekuchaseni ngokusebenzisa ama- basophili nama- mast cells , okuyingxenye yamaseli omzimba omzimba omzimba wakho.
Ama-Basophil kanye nama-mast cells akhipha abaxhumanisi abangela ukushintsha ngaphakathi komzimba okuhlobene ngokuqondile nezimpawu ezihambisana nokusabela okweqile. Abaphakathi ababandakanyeka ku-anaphylaxis bahlanganisa:
- i-histamine : kubangele ukuhlambalaza, ukuqhuma, ukucindezela kwegazi okuphansi, ikhanda eliphuthumayo, impumu egijima, ne-bronchospasm
- tryptase: amazinga aphezulu anezimo ezimbi kakhulu ze-anaphylaxis, ngaphandle kokudla kokudla
- I-platelet-activating factor: amazinga aphezulu anezimo ezimbi kakhulu ze-anaphylaxis
- i-nitric oxide: kubangelwa ukuxilonga okuhlobene nokuhlanjululwa kwemithambo yegazi
- i-arachadonic acid metabolites: kubangela i-bronchospasm, i-hypotension, ne-erythema
Akuzona zonke izifo ezithathelwanayo ezizokhipha i-anaphylaxis . Uma ubhekana nezinkinga ezimbi ngokuphindaphinda ngokuphindaphindiwe kokudla, imithi, noma izinambuzane, kufanele ukhathazeke ngokuthuthukisa i-anaphylaxis futhi kufanele ugweme i-allergen.
Enye indlela engabangela i-anaphylaxis ihilela ukusabela okungeyona-IgE okubandakanya amasosha omzimba wakho we-T-cells. Ama agent avamile angabangela i-non-IgE anaphylaxis ihlanganisa:
- i-aspirin
- Ama-NSAID: njenge-Ibuprofen, i-Aleve, noma i-Celebrex
- ukungafani nemifanekiso ye-radiographic (i-ray ray, i-CT scan, i-MRI, noma i-ultrasound)
- IV imithi ye-immunoglobulin
- I-Heparin
- ukubhebhetheka komzimba kwi-membranes ye-dialysis
Ukusebenza kwamaseli we-T kubangela uhlobo olufanayo lokusebenza kwama-basophil kanye nama-mast cell achazwe ngenhla.
Izimpawu
I-Anaphylaxis ingathinta izingxenye zomzimba eziningi nezinqubo, kuhlanganise:
- isikhumba: ukuvuthwa , ukucheka, noma ukuvuvukala
- Ukuphefumula: ukukhwehlela, ukuqhuma noma ukuphefumula
- Inhliziyo: ukushaya kwenhliziyo engavamile, ukucindezelwa kwegazi okuphansi, noma ubuhlungu besifuba
- isisu: isicashu, ukuhlanza noma ukusika
- impilo yengqondo: ikhanda, ukudideka, noma isiyezi
Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ukuvuvukala (ikakhulukazi ebusweni noma i- angioedema ), izinkinga zokuphefumula, nomfutho wegazi ophansi.
Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ze-anaphylaxis , ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo, kuhlanganise ne-epinephrine shot, kuyadingeka ngokushesha. Ukwazi ukuthi yini eyenza ukusabela kungasiza ekuvimbeleni esikhathini esizayo, phakathi kwezinye izindlela .
Izwi elivela
Ukubhekana ne-anaphylaxis kuyesabeka kakhulu. Ukufunda ukuthi yini ebangelwa i-anaphylaxis, kanye nezindlela zokwelapha iziqephu , kuzoba yingxenye ebalulekile yokubhekana nokusabela kwakho okunzima kakhulu. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ngabe uhlangabezana nesifo esibi kakhulu, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ufune usizo oluphuthumayo.
> Imithombo:
> Loverde, D, Iweala, O, uEginli, A & Krishnaswamy, G. (2018). Anaphylaxis. CHEST, 153 (2): 528-543. I-DOI: 10.1016 / j.chest.2017.07.033
> Ukuhlolisiswa kwesistimu yegciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Iwebhusayithi ye-UpToDate. 2017.
> I-Pathophysiology ye-anaphylaxis. Iwebhusayithi ye-UpToDate. 2018.