Njengesiguli, enye yezinkathazo zakho ezimbi kakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngesikhathi ukwelashwa kwakho. Uma umphumela omubi - ukugula okusha noma ukulimala - kubangelwa ukuqondiswa udokotela noma omunye umsebenzi wezempilo, kuthiwa "iatrogenic."
Imicimbi ye-iatrogenic ayifuni ngokuzithandela, nakuba abahlinzeki bezokwelapha bangabantu futhi amaphutha angenziwa.
Lokhu kungabangela ukucindezela isimo sezokwelapha esivele sikhona noma kubangele izinkinga zezempilo ezingahambisani nokugula owawufuna ukwelashwa kuqala.
Kuyini Okushoyo Iatrogenic?
"Iatrogenic" ivela olimini lwesiGreki. " Iatros " kusho udokotela noma umphulukisi futhi " gennan " kusho "njengomphumela." Ngakho-ke, leli gama ngokwezwi nezwi lisho ukuthi "ngenxa yodokotela."
Uma isiguli sithola isifo esisha noma sikalwe ngenxa yezinsizakalo ezinikezwa umhlinzeki wezokwelapha, umphumela ubhekwa "njenge-iatrogenic." Izenzakalo ze-Iatrogenic zingabangela ukuxilongwa noma ukwelashwa. Zingaholela ezinkingeni zomzimba, ezingqondweni, noma ezingokomzwelo noma, kwezinye izimo, ngisho nokufa.
Isihluthulelo sencazelo wukuthi inkinga entsha yezokwelapha iye yanyuka ngenxa yezenzo zomhlinzeki wezokwelapha. Ngokuyinhloko, kusho ukuthi isiguli ngeke sagula noma silimale uma besingeneli nodokotela noma udokotela.
Ukulimala kwe-iatrogenic uhlobo lwephutha lezokwelapha . Lezi amaphutha azikaze zenzelwe, yebo, kodwa azizona ezilimaza isiguli.
Izibonelo
Izenzakalo ze-Iatrogenic zingabangelwa yinoma iyiphi inombolo yezokwelapha noma amaphutha. Kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlala esibhedlela noma ukuvakasha kukadokotela njalo; Asikho isizathu esisodwa, isimo sezokwelapha, noma isimo esixhunywe kulezi zenzakalo.
Ukukunika umqondo wokuthi yini engachazwa njengomphumela omubi wezokwelapha, nansi izibonelo ezimbalwa.
- Iatrogenesis ingenzeka uma isiguli sitheleleka ngoba udokotela noma umhlengikazi akagezanga izandla emva kokuthinta isiguli esedlule.
- Iphutha lokuhlinzwa, njengokutshengisa isiguli ngesisetshenziswa sokuhlinzwa, ukususa izinso ezingalungile, noma ukuguqula ibhande elingalungile nakho kuzobhekwa njenge-iatrogenic.
- Izingxabano zezidakamizwa ezibhalwe phansi, kodwa ezingaziwa kumthetho wokubhala ziyi-iatrogenic.
- Uma ukwelashwa kwengqondo kuholela ekugxileni kwengqondo noma izinkinga zegulane, kuzothathwa njenge-iatrogenic.
Zivame kangakanani Izenzakalo Iatrogenic?
Kunzima ukubopha izibalo eziphathekayo ze-iatrogenesis futhi akukho mithombo emibili engavumelana nayo. Izibalo ezibikiwe azibuyekezwa njalo noma zijwayele ukugxila ekufeni kunokuba zonke izimbi ezimbi.
Ukuqhubeka nokucindezela izindaba, izibhedlela zinezinhlelo zokubika ezikhona ukuqoqa imicimbi ye-iatrogenic. Kodwa-ke, ngokwemithombo eminingi embonini, izenzakalo eziningi azibikiwe. Izizathu zalokhu ziyahlukahluka futhi.
Ngonyaka wezi-2012 ukuhlolwa kwabaphathi bezibhedlela yiHhovisi le-Inspector General (OIG ovela eMnyangweni WezeMpilo kanye Nezisebenzi Zomuntu), izenzakalo ezingamaphesenti angu-86 azizange zibikwe.
Ezimweni eziningi, abasebenzi basebhedlela abazange babone njengokwenza umonakalo okwanele isiguli ukuqinisekisa imvume.
Esikhathini sokutadisha kwangaphambilini kuka-OIG, umbiko we-2010 uzame ukulinganisa izenzakalo ezimbi ezitholwa abahlomuli be-Medicare. Okutholakele kubonisa ukuthi ngo-Okthoba 2008, cishe amaphesenti angu-13,5 alawa gciwane "abe nezenzakalo ezimbi ngesikhathi behlala esibhedlela." Kulabo, ababuyekezi bathole ukuthi amaphesenti angu-44 "ayecacile noma ayengavinjelwa."
Lezi zifundo zincoma ukuthi abaphathi besibhedlela bathuthukise izinqubo zokubika futhi ukuthi abanakekeli bahlale beqaphela izenzo zabo. Ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu ezibhedlela nasezinyathweni eziqhubekayo zokuthuthukisa lezi zibalo ziqaliswa.
Njengesiguli, zama ukuqonda izindlela zakho zokwelapha bese ubuza imibuzo eminingi oyidingayo ukuze unciphise ingqondo yakho. Futhi, emva kwanoma yiziphi izinqubo, qhubeka uqaphela noma yimiphi imiphumela engaba yingozi futhi uxhumane nodokotela ngokushesha uma ubona noma yini.
> Imithombo:
> Office of Inspector General. "Izinhlelo Zokubikwa Kwezehlakalo Zezibhedlela Azikho Ukuthinteka Kakhulu Ukulimala." 2012 https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-06-09-00091.pdf
> Office of Inspector General. Izenzakalo Ezimbi Ezitholampilo: Isibalo Sezwe Phakathi Kwalabo Abahlomulayo. " 2010. https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-06-09-00090.pdf