Ingabe i-autism-yindawo engcono kuphela?
Ezweni elihle, abantu abane-autism babezohlanganiswa ngokugcwele emphakathini omkhulu. Bayaba nezindawo zokuhlala futhi zisekelwe lapho kunesidingo, futhi zizokwamukelwa yiontanga ezivamile.
Yiqiniso, iqiniso lihlukile kakhulu. Izingane ezine-autism ziwumphumela wabantu abanoMtsetfo weMtsetfo Wekukhubazeka, bavame kuhlanganiswa ( bafundziswe emakilasini lavamile ), kodvwa kungavamile kulabadzala nobe bantfwana laba-autism kutsi babe yingxenye yemphakatsi lomkhulu.
Akunzima ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ukufakwa kunzima kangaka. Ingane engakwazi ukulandela imilayezo yokukhuluma ngomlomo ngokushesha iwela ngemuva ekilasini, eqenjini, noma ngisho naseSonto esikoleni. Umuntu omdala ongeke asebenze ngempumelelo ngaphansi kwezibani ze-fluorescent cishe ngeke athole futhi agcine umsebenzi wezinga lokungena. Futhi noma yikuphi umuntu oziphatha kabi ( ukuphoqa iminwe yakhe, ukugwedla, ukwenza izingxolo ezingavamile ) ubeka ukukhathazeka kubantu abakuzungezile (ngisho noma lezo zikhalazo zingalungile).
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, abantu abaningi abane-autism bangakwazi ukufunda futhi basebenze ngokuphumelelayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele futhi basekela ngokufanelekayo. Leli qiniso liphakamisa umbuzo: kungcono yini ukuthi abantu abane-autism bafunde, badlale, futhi basebenze kuzilungiselelo ze-autism-kuphela?
Kungani Izilungiselelo Ezihlanganisiwe Ngokugcwele Ziyinselele
Abantu abane-autism bahlanganyela ngezinselela eziyingqayizivele, eziningi zazo ezihlobene nokuxhumana komphakathi kanye nokuphendula komzwelo ekukhanyeni, umsindo, nokuthinta.
Abantu abaningi abane-autism nabo banesimo esithile sobunzima ngokusebenzisa nokuqonda ulimi olukhulunywe. Ekugcineni, iningi labantu abane-autism banezinkinga zomzimba ngamakhono amahle kanye namakhono amakhulu nokuhlelwa kwemoto.
Lezi zinselelo zingaba mnene noma ezinzima, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingakanani ezingakwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukusebenza kahle ngezimo ezijwayelekile.
Izibonelo ezimbalwa:
- Ukuhlala nje egumbini elinomshini wokukhanya okhanyayo kungaba buhlungu kakhulu.
- Ukuma esikhaleni esiphelele esithinta abanye abantu kungaba ukukhathazeka okukhathazayo.
- Ukuhumusha ngokunembile imiyalelo esheshayo yomlomo futhi ukuwahumusha ekusebenzeni kungaba cishe akunakwenzeka.
- Ukubikezela ngokunembile ukunyakaza okuhleliwe komunye umuntu nokuba endaweni efanele ngesikhathi esifanele, isibonelo, ukubamba noma ukukhahlela ibhola, kungenzeka ukuthi akunakwenzeka.
Lezi zinselele zisho ukuthi imisebenzi ejwayelekile, njengokuya emhlanganweni wesikole, ukuhlanganyela emidlalweni yezemidlalo, noma ukulandela izinkomba ezivela kumqeqeshi, umphathi noma uthisha, kunzima kakhulu kubantu abaningi abane-autism.
Ngosizo nokusekelwa, abantu abaningi be-autistic bangakwazi ukukhokhela izinselele zabo noma ukuthola indawo yokuhlala evumela ukuba okungenani baphumelele ngokuyisimweni kuzilungiselelo ezijwayelekile. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, amandla, nokusebenza kanzima kubantu abaningi abane-autism ukuze basebenze kahle kuzilungiselelo eziningi ngaphakathi komphakathi jikelele.
Kubantu abaningi, isisombululo sezinselele ze-autistic sibhekene nokuthola izimo lapho i-autism yamukelwa khona neminye imisebenzi, izindlela zokufundisa, kanye nokuxhumana kwabantu.
Ezinye zalezi zilungiselelo zinikeza ngisho nokuvumelanisa ngokomzimba nge-autism-friendly ezifana nezibani ze-incandescent kanye nezwi eliphansi. Ngenkathi kunokuningi okumele kuthiwe nge-autism-kuphela izilungiselelo, noma kunjalo, izinketho ezinjalo zinezinzuzo nezingozi zabo.
I-Pros kuya ku-Autism-Izilungiselelo kuphela
Kunezinzuzo ezinkulu kakhulu kuzilungiselelo ze-autism-kuphela, ikakhulukazi (kodwa hhayi kuphela) kubantu abanenkinga enkulu kakhulu. Nazi ezimbalwa nje:
- Ngokuzivumelanisa okufanelekile endaweni, izingane ezine-autism zingagxila kakhulu ekufundeni nasezincane ekuzameni ukulinganisa ukuziphatha komphakathi kweontanga lezinzwa .
- Ngaphandle kweziphazamiso ezizwakalayo, izingane kanye nabantu abadala abane-autism bangakwazi ukuyeka ezinye zezinkathazo zabo futhi baphumule ngempela.
- Esimweni esifanelekayo, kungenzeka ukuthi udale futhi usebenzise amathuluzi anobungane bokuxhumana, imfundo, nokuqeqesha kuzo zonke izimo.
- Izilungiselelo ze-Autism kuphela zikwazi ukusebenzisa imali yazo ezifunweni zabafundi be-autistic namakhasimende, okusho ubuchwepheshe obungcono, impahla efanelekile, njll.
- Kuzilungiselelo ze-autism-kuphela, abantu ngabanye bangagxila emisebenzini ehambisana nokuthanda kwabo namakhono abo. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, bangakwazi ukuzibandakanya ezemidlalo ezizimele kunezemidlalo yeqembu; amakilabhu e-lego esikhundleni sezenhlalo zomphakathi; nokunye.
- Ngenkathi abantu abane-autism bengavumelani ngaso sonke isikhathi ezingeni lomuntu siqu, akuyona into engavamile ukuba bathole ukuthi bahlanganyela izithakazelo ezivamile futhi bayakwazi ukuchitha isikhathi senhlalo ndawonye ngaphandle kokucindezeleka noma ubunzima.
- Abazali, ukwazi ukuthi ingane yabo isesimweni esithile se-autism-sikwazi ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka okubangelwa ukukhathazeka ngezinga lokusebenza kwengane yabo esikoleni esivamile noma esimweni somsebenzi.
I-Cons kuya ku-Autism-Izilungiselelo kuphela
Ngamacala amaningi kakhulu "phezulu," kungani umuntu onayo nge-autism angcono kakhulu esimweni esivamile? Kunezizathu eziningi; Nazi ezimbalwa nje:
- Esilungiselelweni esivamile, bobabili izingane kanye nabantu abadala bangafunda amakhono abazowasebenzisela impilo yonke, ngenkathi besesimweni esiyingqayizivele angeke bafunde inkinga ukuxazulula noma ukugqugquzela izidingo zabo siqu.
- Esikhathini sokuhlela esikoleni jikelele, izingane ezine-autism zinethuba elibanzi lokuhlola imibono nemibono emisha nokwakha amakhono abo. Esikoleni esikhethekile, kunamathuba ambalwa, futhi wonke akhiwe ngokuzenzekelayo nezithakazelo ze-student "evamile" (i-computer yokudlala, isibonelo).
- Emphakathini obanzi, abantu abane-autism bangathatha indima ebonakalayo emisebenzini yezwe langempela kusukela kumculo nakwezemidlalo kuya ezifundweni nasemsebenzini. Esilungiselelweni se-autism-kuphela, konke kuhlelwe ngokuhlelekile ukuze kube nemiphumela emihle: ayikho umncintiswano, futhi ibha ngokuvamile iyancipha.
- Esikhundleni sokugwema izimo ezinzima ezibucayi, abantu abane-autism bangakwazi ukuzivumelanisa noma ukuhlala ezindabeni ezifana namakamelo amnandi noma izibani ezikhanyayo. Esilungiselelweni esivamile, abantu abane-autism bangafunda ukusebenzisa amathuluzi (njengama-headphones okukhansela umsindo nokuhlunga izibuko) okwenza kube lula ukusebenza emphakathini jikelele.
- Ngesikhathi izilungiselelo ze-autism-kuphela zivame ukunciphisa ibha yokufeza, ukubandakanyeka ekuhlangenwe nakho komphakathi kungavumela abantu abane-autism ukuthi bazinselele ngokwabo futhi badlule izilindelo.
- Imindeni, ukuba ne-autistic ingane esimweni esivamile kusho ukuthi amanye amalungu omphakathi angazi, aqonde futhi aqonde ingane yakhe.
Ingabe Kuyinto Elula Kubantu Abaphezulu Ukusebenza I-Autism?
Abanye abantu abane- autism ephezulu esebenzayo nalokho okwake kwabizwa ngokuthi i-Asperger syndrome bahlakaniphe kakhulu, abantu abanekhono. Ngezinye izikhathi bayakwazi ukusebenza kahle ezimweni ezibandakanya. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga zivela uma isimo sishintsha noma lokho okulindelekile kukhuphuka.
Isibonelo, ingane encane kakhulu ene-autism esebenza kahle ingenza kahle esikoleni samabanga asekuqaleni noma enkulisa lapho amathuluzi okufundisa okubonakalayo nokunyakaza kukhuthazwa khona. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezilungiselelweni zangasese lapho izibani nomsindo kungalungiswa futhi uthisha uyabekezela (futhi unesikhathi sokubhekana) nezindlela zokuxhumana ezahlukene nezokufunda. Kodwa-ke, ebangeni lokuqala, lowo mntwana ofanayo ufundela ekilasini ejwayelekile enezingane ezingama-25 nomfundisi oyedwa, kulindeleke ukuba alandele isiqondiso esikhulunywayo, futhi anikezwe ngamaphuzu ambalwa okubonwayo. Ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwakhe, ukuziphatha kwakhe kuyashintsha, ngisho nokulungiswa kungase kube nzima kuye ukusebenza esimweni lapho ulimi olukhulunywe khona kanye nezinkulumo zomphakathi kubalulekile ekuphumeleleni.
Esinye sezimo ezinzima kakhulu ze-autism ephezulu ukusebenza futhi kuyiqiniso lokuthi ukukhubazeka "okungabonakali" kunzima ukwamukela. Uhlala kanjani ukuthi umfundi okwazi kahle angase abe "nokuqubuka" ngokuzumayo ngenxa yokukhungatheka, ukuzwa ngokweqile noma ukukhathazeka? Kungenzeka ukubeka izisekelo endaweni, kepha ukuziphatha okuzenzekelayo kungenza ukwemukelwa okunzima nokuxhaphaza kakhulu.
Okuhle Kwezibili Zomhlaba
Ngenhlanhla, kungaphezu kokuthi kungenzeka abantu abane-autism bahlanganise i-autism-kuphela kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komphakathi jikelele. Isimo esihle kakhulu sihlanganisa amathuba okuphumula esimweni se-autism-kuphela kanye namathuba okuqina futhi adinga emphakathini jikelele. Ukuvuselela ngokusekela ngokugcwele kungaba yindlela enhle yokubeka isiteji sokuthola indawo yomuntu emhlabeni jikelele.
> Imithombo:
> Grey, KM et al. Imiphumela yabadala ku-autism: ukufakwa komphakathi kanye namakhono okuphila. J Autism Dev Disord. 2014 Dec; 44 (12): 3006-15. i-doi: 10.1007 / s10803-014-2159-x.
> Nkosi, Catherine Ed. Ukufundisa Izingane nge-Autism . UMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezocwaningo, National Academy Press. 2013.
> Umsakazo Womphakathi Kazwelonke. Ingabe izingane ze-autistic zihamba kangcono ezikoleni ezihlanganisiwe noma ezikhethekile? Juni 2014. Iwebhu.