I-Cancer yegazi ngaphansi kweMicroscope

Enye yezindlela zokudala ze-imaging zezokwelapha zisasetshenziswa namuhla - i-microscopy elula. Uma kuziwa ekuhloleni uhlobo oluqondile lomdlavuza, noma ukuqapha ukuphindaphindiwe, ososayensi ngenhlanhla bathuthukise amanani amaningi engeziwe kusukela ngesikhathi i-microscope ekhanyayo isungulwa, kuhlanganise nokuhlola komzimba ekucabangeni kwezokwelapha nokuhlolwa kwezimpawu ze- biologic egazini .

Noma kunjalo, ukubukeka okuncane kakhulu kwamangqamuzana abulalayo ngisho nanamuhla ngokuvamile kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuxilongweni nasekuhlukanisweni kwe- eukemia kanye ne-lymphoma futhi kungaba nesici ekunqumeni ibanga noma ukuhlukumezeka kwesifo esibikiwe. Nakuba odokotela banamuhla bavame ukuhlola amakhemikhali ezingeni lezakhi zabo zomzimba kanye nezinguquko, ngezinye izikhathi isithombe sisabalulekile namagama ayizinkulungwane. Nazi izithombe ezimbalwa ezibonisa ukubukwa okuncane kakhulu kohlobo lwe-leukemia, uhlobo lwe-lymphoma nombulali we-T okusetshenziselwa ukuhlasela iseli somdlavuza.

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I-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Lesi slide sikhombisa icala le-Hodgkin lymphoma, ngezinye izikhathi elibizwa ngokuthi i-Hodgkin isifo. Isifo se-Hodgkin singenzeka kuzo kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala, noma kunjalo, iminyaka ephakeme kakhulu ikhona kuma-20s no-70s / 80s. Kulesi simo, akusona igazi lesiguli elibhekwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope; kunalokho, kuyisigaba noma uhlukanise ngesifo se-lymph node esithintekile yi-Hodgkin isifo-umdlavuza wegazi elimhlophe noma amangqamuzana e-lymphoma. Amaseli aluhlaza okwakubonakala sengathi amehlo e-owl abizwa ngokuthi ama-Reed-Sternberg amangqamuzana angama-cell ephawulekayo e-Hodgkin lymphoma. Zibukeka njengezikhumba lapho zikhonjisiwe ukuze zibonakale, futhi bheka ama-lobe amabili angabonakala. I-American Cancer Society ilinganisa ukuthi cishe amacala amasha angu-9,190 eHodgkin lymphoma atholakala minyaka yonke.

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I-Leukemia engapheliyo ye-Myelogenous

Emfanekisweni ohlotshanisiwe we-blood smear wesiguli segciwane, amangqamuzana ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka amelela amaseli egazi amhlophe ekhuphuke ngenombolo, into ehambisana ne-lemonemia engapheliyo (CML). Ezinye izinto eziningi zingabangela ukubalwa okuphezulu, kodwa i-CML yimbangela kulokhu. I-CML ingabuye ibizwe ngokuthi i-chronic myeloid leukemia noma i-chronic granulocytic leukemia. I-CML ivame ukuthinta abantu asebekhulile futhi ayitholakali kubantwana. Abantu bangaba ne-CML isikhathi eside bengayazi. I-CML ihlotshaniswa nento okuthiwa i- chromosome ye-Philadelphia , i-chromosome eyengeziwe emayelana nomuzi lapho itholakala khona. Abantu abangamaphesenti angama-90 abane-CML banamaseli egazi anama-chromosome e-Philadelphia. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-10 kuphela ama-leukemia ayi-CML. I-American Cancer Society inquma ukuthi cishe amacala amasha angu-5 980 ayohlolwa ukuthi unyaka ngamunye.

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Cell Immune Cell Ukubulala I-Cancer Cell

Lapha sibona umculi we-killer T (iseli encane ngaphansi komakhalekhukhwini wesifo somdlavuza kulo mfanekiso) osebenzisana nomakhalekhukhwini wesifo somdlavuza. Lokhu empeleni ukuhumusha komculi, kodwa kusekelwe ekuqinisweni. Ukuskena ama-electron microscopes kudala izithombe ezifanayo. Amangqamuzana e-Killer T amasosha omzimba angabulala amanye amaseli, kuhlanganise namangqamuzana angaphandle, amangqamuzana omdlavuza namaseli asulele igciwane. Ngokusho kweNational Cancer Institute, ama-killer T cells angakhula emtholampilo, bese edluliselwa esigulini ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Amangqamuzana e-Killer ayingqamuzana yamangqamuzana egazi, futhi ikakhulukazi, angumhlobo we-lymphocyte. Amangqamuzana e-Killer angabuye abizwe ngokuthi ama-cytotoxic T namaseli ase-cytotoxic T.

> Imithombo:

> Barrett DM, Singh N, Porter DL, Grupp SA, Juni CH. I-Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy for Cancer. Annu Rev Med. 2014; 65: 333-347.

> El-Galaly TC, Mylam KJ, Bogsted M, et al. Indima ye-imaging evamile ekutholeni i-lymphoma ephindaphindiwe: Ukubuyekezwa kweziguli ezingu-258 ezine-aggressive and non-Hodgkin ne-Hodgkin lymphoma. Am J Hemat. 2014; 89 (6): 575-580.

> I-American Cancer Society. I-Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).

> I-American Cancer Society. Ziyini izibalo ezibalulekile mayelana nesifo seHodgkin?