Indawo Yobunjiniyela Ilawula Isikhathi Sokulala, Ukuvuka, Ukushisa, namaHormone
Iyini i-nucleus epheraasas (SCN)? Funda nge-anatomy yalesi sifunda sobuchopho ku-hypothalamus nokuthi i-SCN ilawula kanjani ukulala komzimba futhi ivule amaphethini kanye nokushisa, imetabolism, nokukhululwa kwe-hormone. Thola ukuthi kwenzekani uma i-SCN ibonakalisiwe nokuthi yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ezingabalulekile.
Izwi kwiRhythms Circadian
Kunezinqubo eziningi zangaphakathi ezithonywe ngaphandle kwemvelo yethu.
Umhlaba unamahora angu-23 nomjikelezo wamaminithi angu-56 wansuku zonke ohlinzeka ngamaphethini aqondakalayo wokukhanya nokushisa, ukudla, kanye nomsebenzi wezilwane. Ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, le maphethini ithonya ukugaya umzimba nokuziphatha cishe kwenyama yonke emhlabeni, kuhlanganise nabantu. Igama elithi circadian lichaza cishe imijikelezo yamahora angu-24 ezakhiwe ngaphandle kwalezi zithonya zangaphandle. Kubantu, ezinye izinqubo zangaphakathi eziphelelwe yisikhathi ezingaqhubeka zihlukaniswe zihlanganisa:
- Ukulala nokuvuka
- I-Metabolism
- Ukushisa komzimba wangempela
- Amazinga e-Cortisol
- Amazinga e- Melatonin
- Amanye ama-hormone
Kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwewashi lomzimba yangaphakathi kanye nezikhathi zangaphandle zesikhathi. Izicubu eziningi emzimbeni zizolandela iphethini, kanti umxhumanisi oyinhloko ube yindawo yobuchopho okuthiwa i-nucleus ephezulu.
Iyini i-Nucleus Suprachiasmatic ye-Brain's Hypothalamus?
I-nucleus ye-suprachiasmatic isendaweni ehamba phambili yobuchopho ebizwa nge- hypothalamus .
Iqukethe iqembu lamangqamuzana omzimba (noma ama-neurons) alawula isigqi somzimba wakho we-circadian. I-nucleus ye-suprachiasmatic ihlelwe engqondweni engacacile ye-optic chiasm, lapho izinzwa ziphuma khona ngeso ngalinye ziya ekhanda, futhi ngaleyo ndlela zithonywa kakhulu ngombono wokukhanya.
Indima ye-SCN ku-Sleep Normal and Circadian Rhythms
Ukukhanya kungumlawuli omkhulu wezimpawu zomzimba zomzimba.
Itholakala esweni ngama-receptors okuthiwa ngama-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) aqukethe i-photopigment melanopsin. Kukhona uxhumano olubizwa ngokuthi i-retinohypothalamic tract ephuma e-retina yeso kuya hypothalamus yangaphakathi. Ngaphakathi kwe-hypothalamus ihlala i-SCN, i-pacemaker yomzimba (noma iwashi lensimbi).
Izifo zokulala zokujikeleza zengculaza zingenzeka uma i-synchrony emkhatsini womzimba kanye nemvelo yangaphandle ilahlekile. Amaphethini okulala nokuvuka angase ahambisane nemigomo yomphakathi. Lezi zimo zihlanganisa:
- Isilinganiso sokulala kwesifo sokulala
- I-Advanced phase syndrome yokulala
- I-Free-running ( Ayikho-24 )
- Ukulala okungavamile-kuvuka isigqi
Lezi zimo zenzeka ngezizathu eziningi. Abanye abantu abanesigaba sokulala esibambezelekile bahlelwa ngokwezakhi zofuzo ukuze babe nokuhlukumezeka okuphakathi, nesimo esisebenza emindenini nasekuqaleni kokukhula. Lezi zinkinga zingase zibe nzima kakhulu ngokukhetha izinketho zokuphila, kufaka phakathi amaphethini okulala okungajwayelekile noma ukungafinyeleli okuncane noma okungekho isikhathi sokukhanya. Kungenzeka futhi isimo esimisiwe, ukulimala, noma ezinye izimbangela zengxenye ekuthuthukiseni isifo se-circadian.
Kwenzekani uma i-Nucleus Suprachiasmatic ibonakalisiwe?
Ekucabangeni indlela evela ekuboneni ukukhanya kuya kwi-SCN, kungenzeka ukuthi umonakalo uvele ezindaweni eziningi.
Abantu abayizimpumputhe ngokuphelele, abahluleka ngokuphelele ukubona ukukhanya, bangahlakulela okungezona-24. Esikhathini sokubeka izimo ezinzima ezifana nesifo se-Alzheimer, ikakhulukazi labo abahlala esikhungweni esinjengekhaya labahlengikazi, isisindo sokulala esingavamile singase siphume. Ukuhlukunyezwa, ukushaywa isisu noma izicubu kungathinta futhi i-SCN futhi kubangele ukungasebenzi kwayo.
Uma i-pacemaker ephakathi yomzimba ibonakalisiwe futhi umsebenzi wayo uphazamiseka, amawashi e-peripheral alahlekelwe umqondisi wabo. Isikhathi sokukhululwa kwe-hormone, ukuguqulwa kwe-metabolism, nezinye izinqubo zingase ziphazamiseke. Kukhona ucwaningo oluthile olubonisa ukuthi lokhu kungabangela izifo ezihlukahlukene zezifo.
Ezinye izimpawu zokwenza isikhathi zingaba zibalulekile. Ezimpumputhe, umthamo ophansi we- melatonin kusihlwa kungadingeka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kweHetlioz kungaboniswa. Isikhathi semisebenzi yomphakathi, ukuzivocavoca, ukudla, ukushisa kwemvelo, kanye nemvelo yokulala kungathatha indima evelele ekuthonyeni isikhathi sezinqubo zangaphakathi.
Izwi elivela
Uma ukhathazekile ukuthi ungase ube nesifo se-circadian, qala ngokukhuluma nomchwepheshe wokulala. Ungabuyekeza izimpawu zakho futhi uthole izindlela zokwelapha ezizosiza ukuthi ulale kangcono ebusuku futhi uzizwe ungcono emini.
> Imithombo:
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> Kryger, MH et al . "Izimiso Nemikhuba Yokulala Imithi." I-ExpertConsult , umagazini wesi-5, ngo-2011.
> Moore-Ede, MC et al . "Isistimu yomzimba yokulinganisa isikhathi," kuyi -Clocks That Time Us . ECambridge, eMassachusetts, eHarvard University Press, ngo-1984, k. 3.
> Peters, i-BR. "Izikhathi Zokulala Nezingcingo ezingavamile." Ukuhlolwa kwezikhalazo zokulala . Umtholampilo wokulala . 9 (2014) 481-489.
> Ramsey, KM kanye noBass, J. "Izibonelo zezilwane zokuphazamiseka kwe-chronobiology: i-cell kanye nezicubu," ezimisweni nezenzo zokulala . Ihlelwe ngu-Kryger MH, i-Roth T, iDement WC. St. Louis, Missouri, u-Elsevier Saunders, ngo-2011, iphe. 463-467.