Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Circadian kuholela ekuqotheni nokulala phakathi kwezimpumputhe
Kunezinye izinkinga zokulala ezithatha umzamo omncane ongokomqondo wokuqonda. Ngokuyinhloko, mhlawumbe kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi se - circumcadian . Inkulumo ehambisanayo iyisikhubekiso sokuqala; isayensi ingaba inselele eyengeziwe. Ake siphume futhi sizame ukuqonda okunye okudideka kakhulu: Kuyini ukungaxilwanga kwe-Non-24-Hour-Wake Wake (okungewona-24)?
Funda ngezimbangela, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa, kanye nokwelashwa okungewona ongu-24.
Ama-Circadian Rhythms kanye Nezisekelo Zengewona-24
Ukuze uqonde kangcono okungezona-24, kubalulekile ukuhlola enye yezinqubo ezibalulekile zokuphila: ukulala isikhathi nokuvuka emaphethini wokukhanya ebusuku nobusuku.
Ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi esiningi kakhulu ukucabangela ngokuziphendukela kwalolubudlelwane, kunengqondo ukucabangela ukuthi impilo izofuna ukwazi nokusebenza lapho ukudla kutholakala. Uma kungaphephile, kubanda, noma lapho ukudla kunzima kakhulu ukuza, kungaba lula ukuvala izinto nokugcina amandla. Lokhu kungaba yisizathu esibalulekile esenza silale .
Ukuxhumanisa izinqubo zomzimba - ukulala nokuvuka, ukuguqulwa kwamathambo, ukukhululwa kwe-hormone - kuze kube yisikhathi sosuku lwe-geological kuthatha umgcini wesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Lewashi yangaphakathi libizwa ngokuthi i -nucleus ephezulu (SCN) . Itholakala ku- hypothalamus , ingxenye engaphambili yobuchopho ehlobene eduze nokubona kwethu kokukhanya.
Ukukhanya kufaka amehlo bese kuhamba nge-nertic optic, isandiso sobuchopho ngokwayo. Ngaphambi kwamehlo, okufakwayo kusuka kokubili amehlo ngalezi zithwathwa zamanzi endaweni okuthiwa i-optic chiasm. Ngaphezulu nje kwalokhu ( supra ), yi-SCN. Ngakho-ke ukukhanya kulawula ngokuqondile isikhathi somzimba wezinqubo ezilandela isigqi sangaphakathi .
Ngaphandle kokukhanya, umzimba wethu uba umkhumbi olahlekelwe ukuhamba kwawo. Kodwa asikho ezinkingeni ezinzima kakhulu ezingase zicatshangelwe. Eyakhelwe ikhodi yethu yezofuzo, umzimba wethu uzogcina amaphethini we-circadian ngaphandle kokuvezwa kumjikelezo wokukhanya nobumnyama. Uma ngabe ubeke emhumeni, indawo enokukhanya okuqhubekayo, ubungase ulale cishe amahora angu-8 futhi uphapheme cishe amahora angu-16 ngosuku - kodwa hhayi kahle. Kubantu abaningi, ubude bezinsuku ezihloswe ngokobuciko buyisikhathi eside, ngokuvamile ngamahora angu-24 1/2. (Ngokuvamile kungase kube mfushane kunamahora angu-24.) Lesi yisikhathi esingaphezulu kwehora lesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, usuku ngalunye ungathanda ukulala futhi uphinde uvule imizuzu engu-30 kamuva ngoba ngeke ube nomqondo wusuku noma ubusuku. Ukukhanya kusiza ukusetha kabusha amawashi ethu wangaphakathi nsuku zonke futhi ngaphandle kwayo izinqubo zomzimba wethu zizohamba ngosuku lonke. Lokhu kuholela kwisigqi sokusebenza samahhala noma esingenakunyakaziswa eshintsha ngaphezulu kwamasonto.
Empeleni, lokhu kuyisipiliyoni sempumputhe ngokuphelele. Labo abahluleka ngokuphelele ukubuka ukukhanya akukwazi ukusetha kabusha. Esikhundleni salokho, isigqi sabo se-circadian esinqunyiwe ngokweqile sithatha. Ngenxa yalokho, isifiso sabo sokulala sithola kancane kancane usuku ngalunye, okuholela ekusilele .
Bafuna nokuvuka kamuva, futhi lokhu kungabangela ubuthongo obuningi . Kuyoba nezikhathi lapho kukhona ubuhlobo obuqediwe ngokuphelele phakathi kobusuku busuku kanye nezimo zokuvuka-zokuvuka. Khona-ke, kancane kancane izinto zizoqala ukubuyela esigabeni. Ukungaqondakali kokuguquguquka kuholela enkingeni yokulala ebizwa ngokuthi, ngamafishane, engekho 24.
Izimbangela
Okungekho-24 kuvame ukungenxa yobuphofu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezigidi ezingu-1 zabantu abayizimpumputhe e-United States kanti amaphesenti angu-20 ayimpumputhe ngokuphelele. Kuncike ekutheni ubumpumputhe bungakanani, abanye bangase bagcine izilinganiso ezijwayelekile ze-circadian. Labo abahluleka ngokuphelele ukubuka ukukhanya bangengozini yokuthuthukisa abangewona ama-24.
Lesi sifo cishe sithinta ingxenye engaphezu kwesigamu sezimpumputhe ngokuphelele futhi amaphesenti angu-50 kuya kwangu-80 akhononda ukuphazamiseka kokulala.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, okungewona-24 nakho kungabonakali ngabanye kubantu ababona. Kuye kwabikwa phakathi kwalabo abanesigqi se-circadian eside (esibizwa ngokuthi i-tau). Kungenzeka futhi phakathi kwamabhokoma ebusuku ngokulinda ukulala kwesigaba se-syndrome (i-DSPS) okuthola ukukhanya okuncane okuphelelwe isikhathi. Kungabonakala ezinkingeni zokukhathazeka nalabo abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo ezivela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene, kubandakanya:
- I-Rett syndrome
- Angelman syndrome
- I-Dementia
- Ukulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imbangela engezansi ye-Non-24, izimpawu zizofana.
Izimpawu
Abantu abane-Non-24 bayomkhononda ngamaphethini okuguqula ukuwa noma ukulala, izimpawu zokulala, nokulala ubusuku. Lokhu kuvame ukuguquka ngaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa njengoba isifiso sokulala sishintsha maqondana nemikhuba yemvelo yokukhanya nobumnyama. Kuyoba nezikhathi lapho ubuthongo buhle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuphela ukuthi bube bubi kancane kancane. Abantu abahluphekile bangase bakhononde nobunzima bokuhlushwa, imemori yesikhathi esifushane, nemizwa. Kungabangela futhi ukuba isisu sithukuthele futhi umuzwa wokuzizwa ungahlali ubizwa ngokuthi i-malaise. Lezi zimpawu zigcina okungenani izinyanga ezintathu.
Ukuxilongwa
Isimo sivame ukutholakala sisekelwe ekulandeleni amaphethini okulala okungenani izinsuku ezingu-14. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwamalogi okulala nsuku zonke noma i- actigraphy . La marekhodi azokhombisa ukubambezeleka kancane kancane ekubuthweni usuku ngalunye, njengoba isikhathi somphakathi sabantu abaningi singaphezu kwamahora angu-24. Inani lokulibaziseka lixhomeke kwisigqi sangasese futhi singahle sibe ngamaminithi angaphansi kuka-30 kuya ngaphezu kwehora elilodwa.
Isikhathi sithatha ukulala, noma ukulala latency, kuzokhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunyuka okuhambisanayo kokulala kwesikhashana kuyokwenzeka.
Izivivinyo eziqhubekayo zokuqinisekisa zingabandakanya ukulinganisa ngokuhlolwa kwamathambo okuqala kokukhanya kwe-melatonin (DLMO) noma i-6-sulfatoxymelatonin emcinini, ngokuvamile kumaphuzu amabili angamaviki amabili kuya kwangu-4.
Ukwelapha
Okungekho-24 kuvame ukuphathwa ngokulinganisa okuphansi kwe- melatonin ethathwe kusihlwa. I-Hetlioz imithi yokwelashwa etholakalayo kuleso simo. Abantu abayizimpumputhe bangase baphendule nakweminye imibhalo yezinsuku, njengokusebenza ngokomzimba nokudla. Uma ukungenzi okungu-24 kwenzeka embonweni, ukukhanya okukhanyisiwe okukhanyisa isikhathi kungasiza.
Uma ukholelwa ukuthi ungase uhlangabezane no-Non-24, qala ngokufuna ukuhlolwa ngumchwepheshe wokulala ongakwazi ukuhlela ukuhlolwa okungeziwe futhi unikeze ukwelashwa okufanelekile kulesi simo.
> Imithombo:
> "Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamazwe Omhlaba Kwezinkinga Zokulala." I-American Academy of Sleep Medicine , edition 3, 2014.
> Lewy AJ kanye ne-Newsome DA. "Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpawu ze-melatonin circadian ezikoleni eziyimpumputhe." J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1983; 56: 1103-07.
> Morgenthaler TI et al . "Imikhawulo yokuzikhandla yokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa zokulala eziphakathi komzimba: Umbiko we-American Academy of Sleep Medicine." Ukulala . 2007; 30: 1445-59.
> Sack RL et al . "Isilinganiso se-Circadian asivamile kubantu abayizimpumputhe: izigameko nokubaluleka komtholampilo." J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1992; 75: 127-134.
> Sack, RL et al . "Ukuxoshwa kwemigqa ye-circadian free-run by melatonin kubantu abayizimpumputhe." NEJM . 2000; 343 (15) 1070-1077.