Ngokuvamile, kubonakala sengathi uma usebenzisa iphilisi , akukho ukwanda kwengozi yakho yomdlavuza jikelele. Iphilisi , empeleni, ingaba nomthelela wokuzivikela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zegciwane. Kodwa kuyaqondakala ukuthi ungase ukhathazeke ngokuthi iphilisi ibangela umdlavuza.
Kanjani? I-hormone ye-estrogen ne-progesterone, eyenziwa ngokwemvelo emzimbeni wakho, itholakale ithinta ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula kwamanye amagciwane. Amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha (kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokulawula i-hormonal birth ) aqukethe izinhlobo zokwenziwa kwamahomoni. Lokhu kuholele abantu abaningi (kanye nabacwaningi) ukuba bazibuze ukuthi kukhona yini ukuxhumana phakathi kwalezi ndlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokulawula ukubeletha kanye nengozi yomdlavuza. Ngakho ake sihlolisise umbuzo, ingabe iphilisi ibangela umdlavuza?
Iphilisi ne-Ovarian Cancer
Umdlavuza we-Ovarian ngumdlavuza oqala emaqanda. Ingumdlavuza wesihlanu ovame kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane, futhi kubangele ukufa kunanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lomdlavuza wesifazane ozala. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amacala amasha angaba ngu-30 000 omdlavuza we-ovarian azotholakala unyaka ngamunye, nabesifazane abangaba ngu-15 000 ababulawa yilesi sifo.
Ingabe Iphilisi Yenza I-Ovarian Cancer?
Iphilisi uhlobo lokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwamahomoni. Izindlela zokulawula ukuzalwa kwe-hormone zihlanganisa i- progestin kanye ne- estrogen yokwenziwa . Ezinye izisu zokuvimbela ukwelashwa kwe-hormonal empeleni zingakunikeza inzuzo eyengeziwe yokunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wakho we-ovarian. Sicela uhlale ukhumbule ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sokusebenzisa ukulawulwa kokubeletha kwe-hormonal ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa (ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa okungahlosiwe) -ukuthi ungacabangela lezi zinzuzo ezingekho zokukhulelwa lapho uthola ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokulawula ukuzalwa kwe-hormonal yokukhetha.
Okulandelayo luhlu lwezindlela ezithile zokuvimbela ukubeletha okutholakala nge-hormonal okuye kwaboniswa ukuthi iphumelela ekunciphiseni ingozi yomdlavuza we-ovarian:
- Ipilisi: Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi uma uthatha iphilisi iminyaka engu-15 noma ngaphezulu, ingozi yomdlavuza wakho we-ovarian iyancipha ngamaphesenti angu-58; Iminyaka engu-10-14 yokusebenzisa iphilisi inciphise ingozi ngamaphesenti angu-44 kanti iminyaka engu-5-9 yokusebenzisa iphilisi inciphisa ingozi ngamaphesenti angu-36. Ngisho nabesifazane abasebenzisa iphilisi kuphela iminyaka engu-1-4 babona inzuzo (ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wabo wama-ovarian ngamaphesenti angu-22). Kubonakala sengathi le nzuzo yokuvikeleka ingaba buthakathaka isikhathi eside njengoba usuvele usisebenzisa iphilisi. Kodwa, lo mphumela wokuzivikela usabalulekile ngisho neminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwepilisi. Futhi thola lokhu ... noma ngabe isivikelo sizuzisa ukuthi iphilisi ehlinzekwa ngokumelene nomdlavuza we-ovari isekelwe ukuthi useyisebenzise isikhathi esingakanani, akunandaba ukuthi usebenzise iphilisi njalo noma cha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma usebenzisa iphilisi iminyaka emihlanu ngokulandelana noma uma usebenzisa iphilisi iminyaka emibili, uthatha unyaka, bese uyisebenzisa iminyaka emithathu, ukwehlisa kwakho emdlalweni we-ovarian ingozi efanayo. Eminyakeni engama-50 eyedlule, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amacala angu-200 000 omdlavuza we-ovari kanye nokufa kwabantu abayi-100 000 emhlabeni wonke baye bavinjelwa ukusetshenziswa kwephilisi yokuvimbela ukubeletha nokuthi uma ukusetshenziswa kusele ezingeni lamanje, kunomdlavuza ngamunye ongama-30,000 ovarian.
I-Low-Dose vs. Amaphilisi aphakeme kakhulu: Amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha aphansi aqukethe isilinganiso esincane kakhulu se-estrogen (10-20 mcg) kanye nenye yezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ze-progestin. Amaphilisi okuhlala njalo anezi-30-35 mcg estrogen kanye ne-progestin, futhi amaphilisi aphezulu kakhulu ane-50 mcg ye-estrogen ne-progestin. Ingozi encishisiwe yomdlavuza wama-ovari emisebenzini yePilisi kucatshangwa ukuthi ibangelwa ngoba amahomoni ayeka ukuvunguza . Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi akubonakali ukuthi kunezinga elihlukile lokunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-ovarian kusuka emazingeni ahlukahlukene e-estrogen emaphilisi. Umthelela wokuzivikela (ngokumelene nengozi yomdlavuza we-ovarian) uye waboniswa ukuthi kufanele wenziwe ngamaphilisi amancane aphansi kanye nama-dose ajwayelekile futhi aphezulu. Abanye abacwaningi baphakamisa ukuthi amazinga we-progestin epilisi angase abaluleke kakhulu njengokunciphisa i-ovulation ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza we-ovarian.
Ngemva kokuqhathanisa amaphilisi okuvimbela ukubeletha kokubili i-estrogen ne-progestin potency, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amaphilisi anamazinga aphezulu we-progestin ayehlotshaniswa nokunciphisa okukhulu komdlavuza we-ovarian kunokuba labo abane-progestin potency encane (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-estrogen). Kubonakala sengathi abesifazane abathatha amaphilisi anamazinga aphezulu ase-progestin abonisa ukunciphisa okukhulu komdlavuza we-ovarian, ngisho nalapho kuthathwa isikhathi esifushane (izinyanga ezingu-3-18). Inani le-estrogen emapilisi alibonakali lithinta ingozi yomdlavuza we-ovarian.
- I-Depo Provera: I-progesin-kuphela ye-Depo Provera injection ibonisa nokuvikela okufanayo emdlalweni wakho womdlavuza we-ovarian. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi i-progestin ingasusa kanjani ukuvuthwa.
- I-NuvaRing ne -Patch : Njengoba lezi zindlela zombili zokubeletha ziqukethe inhlanganisela ye-progestin ne-estrogen, kukholakala ukuthi kufanele ikunikeze inzuzo efanayo yokuvikela emdlalweni we-ovarian njengamaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa . Ucwaningo ngalokhu, noma kunjalo, lukhawulelwe.
Iphilisi neCaron Cancer
Umdlavuza weColon (noma umdlavuza we-colorectal) ngumdlavuza oqala emathunjini amakhulu (colon) noma i-rectum (ekugcineni koloni). Ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society, umdlavuza we-colorectal ungenye yezimbangela ezibangela ukufa kwabantu abahlobene nomdlavuza e-United States futhi ungumdlavuza wesine ovame kakhulu emadodeni nakwabesifazane.
Ingabe Iphilisi Yenza I-Cancer Colon?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo nayo ayikho. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuvimbela imithi ye-hormonal (njengephilisi) kungabuye ibe nenzuzo eyengeziwe yokunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wekoloni (nakuba idatha inqunyelwe futhi ucwaningo oluningi luyadingeka). Okulandelayo luhlu lwezindlela zokulawula ukubeletha kwe-hormonal ezibonakala ziphumelela ekunciphiseni ingozi yomdlavuza wekoloni:
Ukulawulwa Kokuzalwa Kwamaphilisi Amaphilisi: Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo ezingu-20 ukuphenya ubuhlobo phakathi kwengozi yomdlavuza wekoloni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha kubonakalisiwe ukuthi kunciphisa amaphesenti angu-18 engozini yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wekoloni phakathi kwabesifazane abasebenzisa iphilisi . Lo mphumela wokuzivikela wawukhulu kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamaphilisi wakamuva futhi wawubonisi umphumela wesikhathi eside (okushoyo, akunandaba ukuthi usebentise iphilisi isikhathi eside kangakanani). Okunye ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi uma okwamanje noma usanda kusebenzisa amaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa, cishe usengozini encane yomdlavuza wekoloni. Ukusetshenziswa kwangaphambili kwamaphilisi ahlanganisiwe akubonakali kubangelwa ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wekoloni. Ingozi encishisiwe yomdlavuza wekoloni kubasebenzisi bePill kucatshangwa ukuthi ingenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa.
Ama-acide bile enza isibindi futhi asebenze nge-bile ukuze aphule amafutha. Ukuvezwa okuqhubekayo kwe-bile acid kungaba i-carcinogenic tisses ekoloni, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele umdlavuza wekoloni. I-estrogen ne-progestin kule pilisi inganciphisa ukufihla kwe-bile acid. Esinye imbangela yomdlavuza wekoloni kungenzeka ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo zokulungisa noma ezonakalisiwe. Ukungazinzile kwe-Microsatellite yisimo lapho iseli kunzima khona ukulungisa i-DNA ngoba yonakalisiwe. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-90 kubantu abanohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza wekoloni kubonisa ukungazinzi kwe-microsatellite. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-estrogen ne-progestin kuye kwahlotshaniswa nokwehla kokusimama kwe-microsatellite.
- Amaphilisi aphansi-Amaphilisi aphakeme kakhulu: Akubonakali kunolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokwakheka kwamaphilisi kanye nomngciphe wehlisa umdlavuza wekoloni. Ucwaningo lubonakala lubonisa ukuthi ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wekoloni kuyafana-ngakho inani le-estrogen noma i-progestin empilini alinandaba. Umthelela wokuzivikela ngokubhekela ingozi yomdlavuza wekolon uye wabonakala ezifundweni ezivela kuma-1960s (lapho amaphilisi amaningi aphezulu asetshenziswa) kuze kube ngu-2008 (lapho amaphilisi amasha amakhemikhali anamazinga aphansi angama-hormone asetshenziswa kakhulu).
- I-NuvaRing ne-Patch: Ngenxa yokuthi zombili lezi zindlela zokulawula ukuzalwa ziqukethe inhlanganisela ye-progestin ne-estrogen, kukholakala ukuthi kufanele banikeze inzuzo efanayo yokuvikela emdlalweni wekoloni njengamaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa. Nokho, ucwaningo lukhawulelwe.
Iphilisi ne-Cancer Breast
Umdlavuza wesibeletho uqala lapho amangqamuzana esiswini eqala ukukhula ekulawuleni. Lawa maseli avame ukudala isisu esingavame ukubonwa kwi-x-ray noma ezwa ihlumela. Iningi lamakhemikhali ebeletho liqala emidayeni ethwala ubisi ku-ingono. Umdlavuza wesibeletho ngumdlavuza ovame kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane baseMelika (ngaphandle kwalabo abanobuchoko besikhumba). Abangu-1 kwabayisishiyagalombili besifazane e-US bazokwakha umdlavuza webele we-invasive ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo.
Ingabe Iphilisi Yenza Umdlavuza Webele?
Ucwaningo olukhona ngalesi sihloko luxubene. Imiphumela ephikisanayo ingase ibe ngenxa yokuthi amazinga e-hormone emaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa ashintshile phakathi neminyaka. Amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha kwasekuqaleni ayenamazinga aphakeme kakhulu amahomoni kunamaphilisi aphansi awanamhlanje futhi abeka ingozi yomdlavuza webele. Kukhona ukukhathazeka ukuthi iphilisi ingabangela umdlavuza webele ngenxa yokuthi ama-hormone ekulawuleni amaphilisi okubeletha angaphezu kweqanda amaseli webele-lokhu kungandisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele. Kunokukhathazeka okukhulu uma usengozini enkulu yomdlavuza webele ngenxa yokuthi:
- Umlando oqinile womndeni wesifo somdlavuza webele
- Ama-biopsies webele esedlule abonisa amaseli angavamile
- Wena noma ilungu lomndeni unesifo somdlavuza esingavamile wegciwane lesifuba
Ucwaningo ngalesi sihloko luhlukahluka. Ngokuvamile, ucwaningo oluningi alutholanga ingozi enkulu yokwanda komdlavuza webele ngenxa yokusebenzisa iphilisi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ucwaningo oluningi luye lwasikisela ukuthi ukusebenzisa iphilisi kungakwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza webele. Nansi ukubuyekezwa okusheshayo kokunye kocwaningo ngalesi sihloko:
- Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwePilisi: Izifundo ezibonisa ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwepilisi nokusetshenziswa komdlavuza webele ngokuvamile kubonisa ukuthi ungase ube nomngcipheko omncane wesifo somdlavuza webele ngenkathi usebenzisa iphilisi yokulawula ukuzalwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwangaphambili kwephilisi akubonakali kuhlobene nengozi yomdlavuza webele. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kancane kwandisa ingozi yakho. Ucwaningo oluthile lwaluveza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha okwamanje noma okudlule akuzange kwandise ingozi yomdlavuza webele kulabo besifazane abaneminyaka engama-35 kuya ku-64. Kodwa abacwaningi baveza ukukhuphuka okuncane engozini kubantu besifazane abaneminyaka engama-35 kuya ku-44 abasebenzisa amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha babe nomlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza webele.
- Uhlobo lwePilisi: Kubonakala sengathi ukusebenzisa amaphilisi okuvimbela ukuzalwa okuqukethe isisindo esiphezulu se-estrogen kungenzeka kuhlanganiswe nengozi ephakeme yesifo somdlavuza webele, kodwa usebenzisa amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha ngesilinganiso esincane se-estrogen (uhlobo lwamaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha abesifazane abaningi ukuthatha) akuxhunywanga nengozi ephakeme yomdlavuza webele. Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi ingozi yokwanda komdlavuza webele ehlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwamapilisi kubonakala ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abasebenzisa amaphilisi amathathu . Amaphilisi okuvimbela ukubeletha kwe-estrogen aphezulu angaphindela kabili ingozi yomdlavuza webele.
Okubalulekile: Eziningi zalezi zifundo zibhekisela emngciphekweni owodwa wokuba nomdlavuza webele. Ukwanda kwengozi eyingozi kufanele kwandiswe ngengozi yakho ngokuphelele ukuthola ingozi yakho yangempela. Iningi labachwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi owesifazane ovamile (ongaphansi kuka-50) ongenalo umlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza webele futhi akukho umdlavuza wesifuba ongavamile okwemvelo unengozi ngokuphelele yomdlavuza webele ongaphansi kwamaphesenti amabili. Ngakho uma leyo nengozi iphindwe kabili, ngabe isengaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-4. Ngakho-ke, kubesifazane abaningi, ikakhulukazi abasebasha, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha basikisela ukuthi izinzuzo zamaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha zidlula kakhulu ingozi.
> Imithombo:
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> Bosetti C, Bravi F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. "Izingozi zokubeletha zomlomo nezingozi zomdlavuza: Ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwemeta." Ukuvuselela Ukukhiqizwa Komuntu. 2009; 15 (5): 489-498.
> Iqembu elihlangene ngezifundo ze-Epidemiological ze-Ovarian Cancer. "Umdlavuza we-Ovarian kanye nokukhulelwa komlomo: I-reanalysis yokubambisana yedatha evela kwizifundo ezingu-45 ze-epidemiological kubandakanya abesifazane abangu-23 257 abanomdlavuza we-ovarian kanye nama-87 303." I-Lancet 2008; 371 (9609): 303-314.
> Ness R, Grisso J, Klapper J, et al. "Ingozi yomdlavuza we-ovarian ngokuphathelene nesifo se-estrogen nesipresenti ye-progestin nokusebenzisa izici zokuvimbela izitho zomlomo. QHUBANA iqembu lokutadisha ama-hormone e-steroid nokukhiqiza." I-American Journal of Epidemiology. 2000; 152 (3): 233-41.