Ukuxilongwa kwe-mononucleosis (i-mono) esithathelwanayo ngokuvamile kuyenziwa ngokusekelwe ezimpawu, ukufundwa ekuhloleni ngokomzimba, nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ngokuvamile i-Mono ibangelwa igciwane le- Epstein-Barr (i-EBV) noma ama-virus afanayo, kepha imifudlana ye-strep nezinye izimo zingase zidingeke zikhishwe ngaphandle. Ngenkathi iCenter for Disease Control (CDC) ingasayikuphakamisa ukuhlolwa kwe-monospot, iziqondiso eziningi zisakhuthaza ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo ukusiza ukukhomba imbangela ye-mono.
I-Self-Checks
Mhlawumbe ngeke usho ngokushesha ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ine-mono ngoba izimpawu zokuqala zifana nezomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma umthambo we-throp throat. Izimpawu ezingase zikuthumelele kudokotela ziyi-lymph nodes evuvukile entanyeni, izibhamu ezivuvukile, umkhuhlane, nama-aches omzimba asele izinsuku ezinde kunezingu-10.
Iningi lokushisa nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ziba ngcono emva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa, ngakho-ke iphuzu lezinsuku ezingu-10 liyisibonakaliso esihle sokuthi ubhekene nento engaphezu kwalezi zifo ozixazulula ukuzixazulula. Izimpawu zingaba mncane ezinganeni nasezincane.
Kubalulekile ukungathembeki ekuzihloliseni kwe-mono njengoba izimpawu zingaba yizifo ezidinga ukwelashwa okuhlukile. Kumele uqaphele umugqa wesikhathi samabonakaliso, okubandakanya lapho wena noma ingane yakho kuqala uqala ukuzwa ugula, yiziphi izimpawu ezakhiwe, nokuthi zihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani. Lokhu kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuba ahlolwe uma izimpawu zingashiyi ngokwabo ngosuku 10.
Kumele ubone udokotela wakho ngokushesha nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezibalulekile ze-mono. Lezi zibandakanya umkhuhlane ophakeme (ama-101,5 noma ngaphezulu), ubuhlungu esiswini, ubuhlungu obukhulu bokuvuvukala noma amathoni, ukuphefumula okunzima noma ukugwinya, ukubuthakathaka kwesilonda noma ikhanda elibi. Lokhu kungahle kube ngenxa ye-mono, kodwa futhi kungadingeka nezinye izimo nezinkinga.
Ama-Labs nezivivinyo
Udokotela wakho uzobheka izimpawu zakho kanye nobudala bakho (ngoba abantu abane-EBV banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa i-mono uma isencane noma esemdala). Uzokwenza ukuhlola okungokwenyama lapho ezobukeka ngemuva komphimbo wakho ngezindawo ezivamile (petechiae), uzizwe intamo yakho nezinye izindawo lapho ungase ube nezitholampilo zomshoshaphansi, futhi ulalele amaphaphu akho.
Udokotela wakho uyovame ukuhlelela inani eliphelele legazi (CBC) kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-antibody. Uma unomphimbo obuhlungu, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kokusakaza kuzokwenziwa. Kulaba besifazane abakhulelwe, ukuhlolwa okunamandla okubanzi okuzokwenzelwa i-antibody kungenziwa ukuze kukhishwe izimbangela ngaphandle kwe-EBV enokuningi okungathinta ukukhulelwa.
CBC
Uma une-mono, i-CBC yakho izobonisa ngokujwayelekile inani eliphakeme legazi elimhlophe (i-WBC) elinama-lymphocytes amaningi kunokujwayelekile, okuziwa ngokuthi i-lymphocytosis. Lezi zi-lymphocytes nazo ziyoba nokubonakala okubonakalayo lapho ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha ehlola igazi ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ama-lymphocyte ayingxenye yesimiso somzimba wakho womzimba futhi kuyimvelo ukuba iphakanyiswe phakathi kwezinhlobo ezithile zokutheleleka. Uzothola nezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamangqamuzana amhlophe, ama-neutrophils, futhi ungase ube nesibalo esingaphansi kwesamba seplatelet.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Antibody
Igazi lakho lingabuye lihlaziywe ebhokisatri yezinqamuzana, nakuba lokhu kuvivinywa akudingekile kakhulu ukuxilongwa kwe-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo. Ama-antibodies akhiqizwa amasosha omzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka ngegciwane noma ezinye izimo uhlelo lwakho olubhekwa njengesisongo.
I- monospot (i-heterophile antibody test test) iyilingo elidala elivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza i-mono ukuxilongwa. Uhlolo oluhle lwe-monospot oluhambisana nezibonakaliso ze-mono kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo. Kodwa-ke, i-CDC ithi ukuhlolwa kwe-monospot akusinconywa ngoba kuveza imiphumela eminingi kakhulu engalungile.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Monospot kungaba okungamanga-cishe ngamaphesenti angu-10 kuya ku-15 amaphesenti wesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala zalesi sifo. Uma cishe cishe amaphesenti angu-25 ithuba lokuthola umphumela wokuhlola ongamanga uma uhlolwe ngaphakathi ngesonto lokuqala lezimpawu ziqala. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi uma ulinde isikhathi eside ukubona udokotela, ngoba ama-antibodies we-heterophile wehla ngokushesha ngemva kokuba usuleleke amasonto amane. Ngokuzayo, uma une-mono egazini elihlukile kune-EBV, njenge-CMV, i-monospot ngeke ikuthole.
Uma ukuhlola kwe-monospot yakho kungalungile kepha unayo yonke impawu ye-mono, udokotela wakho uzophinde aphinde ahlole ngaphambi kokwenza izivivinyo eziningi ezithinta u-antibody. Lezi zivivinyo zingenziwa uma izimpawu zokugula zingavamile ku-mononucleosis noma ugule isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amane. Ungase uhlolwe i-cytomegalovirus noma i-Toxoplasma antibodies. Ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe okungaphezulu kwe-EBV kuhlanganisa:
- I-viral capsid antigen (VCA)
- I-antigen yokuqala (EA)
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)
Ukuhlonza okuhlukile
Umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kanye nezigulane ezivuvukalayo ezibonakala ku-mono zingabonakala sengathi zifana nezimpawu ze-strep throat. Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-strep noma isiko le-throat kungasiza ukuhlukanisa lezi. Umgogodla we-strep uvame ukusabela ngokushesha kuma-antibiotics, ngenkathi engenayo ithonya ku-mono.
Umkhuhlane ungaphinda ulingise ezinye zezimpawu ze-mono kodwa ngokuvamile awuvezi izigulane zentanyane evuvukile. Umkhuhlane uzovame ukuhamba kangcono emavikini angaphansi kwamabili.
Izimpawu ezinjenge-mono zingabonakala ezifweni ngaphandle kwegciwane le-Epstein-Barr. Amanye ama-agent angakwazi ukuveza lezi zimpawu ahlanganisa i-cytomegalovirus (CMV), i-adenovirus, igciwane lesandulela ngculaza (i-HIV), i-rubella, i-hepatitis A, i-herpesvirus-6 yabantu, kanye ne- toxoplasma gondii.
Ukugula kwamanye ama-agent, ikakhulukazi i-CMV ne- Toxoplasma gondii , ingabhekwa njenge-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo noma okuthiwa yi-mono-like illness. Njenge-EBV mono, ukwelashwa okusekelayo kuphela kunconywa. Noma kunjalo, lezi zifo zingaba nzima ukukhulelwa, ngakho-ke ukuvivinya okuqhubekayo ukuthola imbangela yalesi sifo kunconywa ukuba kumama.
Uma udokotela esebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-monospot, kungase kube nomphumela omuhle uma isiguli sinemibandela ehlanganisa isibindi, i-leukemia, i-lymphoma, i-rubella, i-systemic lupus erythematosus, ne-toxoplasmosis. Udokotela kumele asebenzise izimpawu zesiguli kanye nezinye izivivinyo ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zimo.
Umthombo:
> Aronson MD, i-Auwaerter PG. I-Mononucleosis ephathekayo ku-Adult and Adolescents. Kusesikhathini. http://www.uptodate.com.
> I-Epstein-Barr Virus ne-Infectious Mononucleosis. I-CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/laboratory-testing.html
> Chernecky, CC & Berger, BJ. (2013). Izivivinyo zeLabrobhu nezinqubo zokuthola. 6th ed. I-Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
> I-White J. Mononucleosis Syndromes. Umeluleki wezifo ezithathelwanayo. https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/infectious-diseases/mononucleosis-syndromes/article/609813/.