Ukuxilongwa kwesifo seChagas kuncike ekutheni isifo sifana nesifo esiyingozi, esingapheliyo noma esibelethweni.
Ukuqaphela I-Acoustic Chagas Diabetes
Isikhathi esihle sokuthola isifo se-Chagas ngesikhatsi sesigaba esibucayi sesifo, uma ithuba lokuqeda ukutheleleka kweTrypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) ngemithi ye-antitrypanosomal yiyona ephakeme kakhulu.
Ngeshwa, leli thuba livame ukulahlekelwa.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpawu ezibangelwa isifo sofuba se-Chagas ngokuvamile ziba mncane futhi azivezi ngokukhethekile, ngakho-ke abantu abaneCacgas ejwayelekile abafuni usizo lwezokwelapha.
Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezimbi kumele baqaphele izimpawu ezikhona zesifo se-Chagas esiyingozi , ikakhulukazi uma beqaphele ukulunywa kwezidakamizwa okuvelele noma okuhlala njalo, noma uma beqaphela ukugqashuka kwesifo se-Chagas endaweni yabo. Uma besolwa kufanele babone udokotela.
Ngokuqondene nodokotela, kubalulekile ukuthi nabo bahlale besolisa ukuthi isifo seChagas kungenzeka sibe khona bese senza ukuhlolwa okudingekayo kokuhlola. Ngokwenza okwenzekayo, lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka kuphela lapho kuqhamuka ukuphazamiseka kwendawo, lapho ukuhlolwa kokubanzi komphakathi kusungulwa.
Ukwenza Ukuxilongwa
Phakathi nesigaba esiyingozi se-Chagas, inani lama-t. cruzi amagciwane asegazini ngokuvamile liphakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kuvumela ukuxilongwa kwe-Chagas kwenziwe ngokuhlola amasampuli egazi okhethekile okwenziwe ngokukhethekile ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
Noma kunjalo, inani le-T. cruzi egazini legazi liphuma ngokushesha ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-90 zokuqala, ngisho noma kungekho ukwelashwa okunikezwayo. Ukuhlolwa okuncane kakhulu kwegazi akuseyona indlela ethembekile yokuhlola isifo seCasgas ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi. Isivivinyo se-microscope asikaze sisebenzise ngesikhathi sesigaba esingapheli se-Chagas.
Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa okuncane kakhulu, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwelabhorethri nakho kungaba nenembile kakhulu ekutholeni isifo esiyingozi se-Chagas. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwe- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) , okuthola i-DNA ye-T. cruzi kwisampula yegazi. Ukuhlola okunamandla kwe-PCR, njengokuhlolwa kwe-microscope, kubonisa ukuthi izidalwa ze-T. cruzi zikhona egazini legazi.
Izimpawu ezihambisana nesifo esibucayi se-Chagas-njengobuthakathaka, umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, ukugqwala, nezinhlungu zomzimba-kungadideka kalula nezibonakaliso ze-mononucleosis ezithathelwanayo , noma ukutheleleka okunamandla kwe -HIV . Ngakho-ke uma umuntu ohlala endaweni ekhona ngenxa yesifo seChagas ehlolwe noma yiyiphi yalezi zimo, ngokuvamile umqondo omuhle wokuhlola ukutheleleka kwe-T. cruzi.
Ukuqaphela i-Chagas engapheli
Esifo sesifo esingapheli se-Chagas, umzimba we-T. cruzi ngokuvamile awusatholakali egazini, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa okuncane kakhulu kwe-sampuli yegazi cishe kuhlale kungalungile, njengohlelo lokuhlolwa kwe-PCR.
Ukubona isifo esingapheli se-Chagas kuvame ukuthembela ekutholeni amasosha omzimba awenziwe ngumzimba ukulwa nesifo. Izivivinyo eziningana zakhiwe ukuze zibheke ama-antibodies ku-T. cruzi, kuhlanganise nesilingo se-immunosorbent (i-ELISA) ehlanganiswe ne-enzyme kanye ne-immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA).
Akekho kulezi zivivinyo zokulwa nomuntu okulungile okumele zisetshenziswe ngokwazo, ngakho-ke ukuhlola isifo esingapheli se-Chagas, okungenani izivivinyo ezimbili ezihlukene ze-antibody ziyenziwa-futhi uma imiphumela ihlukile phakathi kwabo, ukuhlolwa kwesithathu kwenziwa njengendlela i-tie-breaker.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe futhi ukuze kubheke noma yiziphi ezinye izimbangela ezikhona ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkinga zenhliziyo nezomzimba ezihlobene nesifo esingapheli se-Chagas . Uhlu lwezimiso ezingakwenza lokhu ngeshwa isikhathi eside, kanti odokotela kumele basebenzise isinqumo esiningi semitholampilo ekunqumeni ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okumele kwenziwe, nokuthi yikuphi ukuhleleka.
Ukuqaphela i-Chagas yangasese
Amaphesenti angama-10 ezinsana ezalwa ngamanesi aphethwe yi-T. cruzi azokuhlakulela isifo esibucayi se-Chagas-isimo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-congenital Chagas. Kubalulekile ukuba ingane ene-congenital Chagas isifo sokuphathwa nge-antitrypanosal therapy ukuvimbela izinkinga ezingapheli.
Kungenzeka ukuthi isifo se-Chagas esandulela kufanele sicatshangelwe kunoma yisiphi isana esinezinsana esivela endaweni lapho lesi sifo siphelile khona. Ukuhlolwa kokubeletha kuvame ukuqhutshwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abahlala ezindaweni ezinjalo, futhi abantwana besimame abahlolwayo bangabuye bahlolwe lesi sifo.
Ukuhlolwa kwezinsana ngokwazo ngenxa yesifo sobungqingili besifo se-Chagas ngokuvamile kwenziwa lapho kuzalwa nokuhlolwa kwe-PCR kwegazi, noma kwisampula yegazi etholakalayo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokuzalwa. Uma umama eyaziwa ukuthi unesifo se-Chagas futhi ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwengane kungalungile, ukuhlolwa kabusha kwengane kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kwenyanga noma ezimbili.
> Imithombo:
> UBern C, uMartin DL, uGilman RH. Izifo Eziphuthumayo Nezocansi ZaseChagas. Adv Parasitol 2011; 75:19.
> I-Messenger LA, Gilman RH, iVerastegui M, et al. Ukuthuthukisa Ukutholakala Kokuqala Kwesifo Sokugula Esingazalwa Ngama-Chagas ekuHlweni Kwemvelo. I-Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65: 268.