I-Mybunked Myth yasize i-Stigma Gay Stigma Emhlabeni Wonke
Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zesifo sengculaza , amadoda angama-gay ayelokhu ethinteka ekusakazeni kwesifo kubantu abaningi base-US. Le nkolelo yaqiniswa kuphela yimbiko ngo-1984 ukuthi isikhonzi sezindiza saseFrance saseCanada okuthiwa uGaëtan Dugas sasihlonziwe njengesifo sika "Zero Patient".
Nakuba ubufakazi phakathi neminyaka engama-20 eyedlule bebukhulule kakhulu inkolelo yokuthi uDugas wayengumthombo wokugqashuka kweNyakatho Melika, kwaba ngo-2016 kuphela ukuthi iqembu lezesayensi zofuzo lanikeza ubufakazi obucacile.
Ithimba lokucwaninga elivela eYunivesithi yase-Arizona lenze ucwaningo lwamasampula egazi angaphezu kuka-2 000 aqoqwe kusuka kumadoda angama-gay eSan Francisco phakathi nawo-1970. Ukuhlaziywa kwabo kwanikeza isifo segciwane lesigciwane njengoba sisakazeka kulo lonke labantu besilisa , sishintsha futhi sithutha njengoba sidluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu kuya kwesinye.
Abacwaningi bakwazi ukuphetha ngokuthi lesi sifo kungenzeka sagxuma emanzini aseCaribbean ngaphambi kokuba uDugas athole igciwane. Baphinde babonise ukuthi igciwane elitholakala egazini lakhe lalinokuhlukana okuphezulu kwezakhi zofuzo uma kuqhathaniswa namasampula athathwa kwamanye amadoda eqenjini lokucwaninga.
Lokhu kwafakazela ukuthi uDugas, eqinisweni, wayenesandulela ngculazi eyayisakazeke kubantu isikhathi esithile. Uma uDugas engumthombo wokugqashuka, igciwane lakhe bekungenakube nomthelela we-genetic we-pathogen ehlukile kahle.
Indlela Yomphakathi Yomphakathi (kanye neTypo) Yakha i-Myth "Isiguli Zero"
Ngesikhathi lapho inkolelo ethi "Zero Patient" yaqala ukujikeleza, ukwesaba umphakathi ngesifo kwakuphakeme.
Akukhona nje ukuthi abantu bezwa ukuthi "umdlavuza we-gay" manje ubonakala kwabanye abantu, babhekene nemibiko cishe yansuku zonke exhuma lesi sifo kumadoda angama-gay kuphela kodwa nakwamanye amaqembu anqabile, njengabahlali baseHaiti kanye nabasebenzisi bezidakamizwa .
Ukusola ukusabalala kokutheleleka kwakuningi, futhi umbono womphakathi uvame ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwalabo ababengenacala "yezingculazi" ze-HIV (izingane, izinswela-mzimba) nalabo ababengekho.
Ngokumelene nalokhu ngemuva komphakathi, kubika ukuthi indoda engumama-gay yaqinisekiswa ngokuthi "umthombo we-AIDS" yakha umlando wokuthi abaningi babezimisele kakhulu ukwamukela.
Yini eyenza inkolelo-ze yonke into ekhungathekisayo yayiyiqiniso lokuthi ayengakaze isekelwe kwisayensi; kwakusekelwe ku-typo.
Ngo-1984, lapho izikhulu ezinezikhungo zokulawula nokuvimbela izifo ezingama-US seziqala ukulandela inethiwekhi yezocansi yabesilisa abangama-40 abaqinisekisile ukuthi bane-HIV, uDugas wabizwa ngokuthi "isiguli O," nencwadi ethi "O" ibonisa " Ngaphandle (eceleni) kweCalifornia "
Kodwa-ke, lapho ishadi ekugcineni selibekiwe, igama likaDugas labe liphakathi kwesikhwama sezifo. Lokhu kubonakala kubangele iphutha lokubhalwa phansi lapho uDugas engaboniswa khona ngokungalungile ngokuthi "isiguli 0" (zero), hhayi "isiguli O" njengoba kwakucelwe.
Ukuwa kwesiphambeko kwaphakanyiswa kuphela ngokukhululwa kweveli. Futhi i-Band Played On nguRandy Shilts, eyalandisa isifo se-AIDS sokuqala futhi yabonisa uDugas njengomuntu ongasondeli ngokocansi kuphela ojabulayo ekusakazeni lesi sifo:
"I-Club Baths, eSan Francisco, ngoNovemba 1982 ... Lapho ukukhala kumile, le nsizwa yagibela emgqeni wayo ngenxa yesigarethi. UGaëtan Dugas wafinyelela izibani, wavula i-rheostat kancane ukuze amehlo omlingani wakhe abe nesikhathi "U-Gay umdlavuza," usho kanje, "njengokungathi ukhuluma naye." Mhlawumbe uzothola futhi. '"
AmaSulumane aya phambili nakakhulu ukumemezela ukuthi uDugas "wadlala indima ebalulekile ekusabalaleni igciwane elisha kusukela ekugcineni kweMelika kuya komunye."
Ukudumisa okubaluleke kakhulu okutholakele kokubili le ncwadi kanye nefilimu elandelwayo kuphela kwaqinisa uDugas njenge-archtypal villain yenkinga, ngenkathi ebeka icala ngokuzikhandla ngokobulili emphakathini wama-gay uqobo. Ekubuyekezeni kwabo kwencwadi, Ukubuyekezwa Kwazwelonke kubizwa ngokuthi i-Dugas "iColumbus of AIDS," kuyilapho iNew York Post ifike yamemezela ukuthi "Indoda Eyasinika I-AIDS."
Kuzo zombili izimo, abezindaba baqokomisa "ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile" komphakathi wama-gay njengoba kuchazwe yiShilts (owodwa owaveza isimo sakhe se-HIV ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe ngo-1994).
Umthelela ohlala njalo we-"Zero Patient" Inganekwane
Ngakho-ke inkolelo-mlando ethi "Zero Patient" yavuma ukuthi umthelela wayo uzwakala kahle ngaphezu kwemingcele yase-US. Ezingxenyeni ze-Afrika, lapho kokubili amazinga okutheleleka kanye nemicabango yokulwa ne-gay ephakeme, "Isiguli Sokubekezela" sekuyisikhathi eside sisetshenzisiwe njengendlela yokusola futhi ngisho nokujezisa abesilisa nabangqingili ngenxa yesifo esiwumkhuhlane.
Ngokushesha ngo-2011, uDkt. Sam Okuonzi weKomidi Lezokwelapha ze-Uganda wathi: "Isiguli se-AIDS sokuqala ... esibizwa ngokuthi yi-Gaetan Dugus (sic) ... esibizwa ngokuba yi-Patient Zero" kwakuwubufakazi bokuthi i-HIV isakazeka kusukela e-US kuya e-Afrika ngenxa yobungqingili ubulili. U-Okuonzi, umgqugquzeli womthetho wase-Uganda wokulwa nomlingani, wayeshilo ngaphambili ukuthi ubungqingili "bekungavamile" okufanelekile ukuboshwa ngisho nokufa.
Izimangalo ezifanayo zokulwa ne-gay zenziwa eZimbabwe, lapho ngoNgqongqoshe wezeMpilo uDavid Parirenyatwa ngonyaka ka-2015 wagcizelela ukuthi ubungqingili babangelwa yizinga eliphezulu lokutheleleka kwamaphesenti angu-28 emajele, naphezu kokuphika iziboshwa zamakhondomu ukuze zivikele kangcono.
Ngisho nase-US, isabelo sokusola siye sabangela ukuphikisana kwabantu abathandana nabesifazane, kuhlanganise nenkolelo ehlala isikhathi eside yokuthi amadoda angabantu abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa abenza "njengebhuloho lokutheleleka" kubantu besifazane ocansini. Yize lezi zindaba nezinye izinkolelo eziningi zingavunyelwe, ziqhubeka ziveza umbono wokuhlambalaza ngokocansi njengobungcolile, abangenacala, noma abaziphatha kabi ngokobulili.
Ukusola nokuhlambalaza kuqhubeka nokwazisa umphakathi ngesandulela ngculaza. Iqiniso lokuthi i-US kuphela yashintsha ngokusemthethweni ukuvinjelwa kwegazi labesifazane ngo-2016 ibonisa ukuthi ngisho nesayensi ingasuswa ekuthusweni okungenasidingo kanye nokuqhubeka kwezinto ezimbi ezimbi "ezithakazelweni zempilo yomphakathi." Ukubukwa okunjalo kuqhubeka nokukhokha ubufakazi obumelene nesandulela ngculazi , ukushayela kude namaphesenti angama-20 amadoda angama-gay ane-HIV ekuhlolweni nokuhlola amazinga aphezulu okutheleleka aqhubeka nokuhlupha umphakathi wama-gay ( ikakhulukazi amadoda angama-gay) .
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhishwa kweGaëtan Dugas kuzoshintsha lezi zindlela ezimbi akucaci. Okucacile ukuthi ukuxoshwa kwe "Isiguli Zero" kusebenza njengesinye isikhumbuzo esimnyama sokuthi ukucwaswa nokutheleleka ngokujulile kuxhumene kanjani, ukubeka labo "bekungenayo ukuza" ukuze kulungiswe ukungahambisani nohulumeni noma kithi ngabanye ngabanye.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). "I-HIV Phakathi Kwabantu E-United States." I-Atlanta, Georgia.
UHenry, W. "I-Saga ebulalayo yeZet patient." Isikhathi. Ishicilelwe ngo-Okthoba 19, 1987.
> I-Independent (Kampala). "Uganda: Umsuka we-HIV - Inganekwane neqiniso." Ishicilelwe ngoJulayi 9, 2011.
> Mochone, T. "UNgqongqoshe: Ubungqingili Benza Ukutheleleka Kwegciwane le-HIV eZimbabwe." Izwi le-Afrika; Ishicilelwe ngo-Agasti 14, 2015.
> Worobey, M .; I-watts, i-T .; McKay, R .; et al. "Iminyaka engama-1970 kanye nesiguli se-Zero i-HIV-1 i-Genome ikhanyisa umlando wokuqala we-HIV / AIDS e-United States." Imvelo. September 2016; I-DOI: 10.1038 / imvelo19827.