Naphezu kwezinhlelo zokwelapha ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, amazinga okutheleleka okubalulekile akhula
Akukho ndawo emhlabeni ukuthi ubhubhane lwe-AIDS luba yingozi kakhulu kunezwekazi lase-Afrika. Eningizimu Afrika, ukuphazamiseka kwezombusazwe kanye nomlando omude wokuphika kukahulumeni kwaphazamisa isifo esiye sabhekana nenhlekelele enkulu ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990 kanye nasekuqaleni kwawo-2000.
Ngisho nanamuhla, naphezu kokunciphisa izinga lokufa kanye nobuholi obukhulu empini ye-AIDS, izinga lokutheleleka kwe-HIV olusha liyaqhubeka nokunyuka ngonyaka ngonyaka.
Ngenxa yalokho, iNingizimu Afrika ihlala izwe elinabantu abakhulu abanesandulela ngculaza emhlabeni wonke.
Ama-Demographics aseNingizimu Afrika
Kutholakale eningizimu-ntshonalanga enkulukazi yezwekazi lase-Afrika, iNingizimu Afrika inabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingama-48 (cishe ingxenye eyodwa yesithupha kakhulu njenge-US) isakaze ngaphezu kwamamitha ayizigidi ezingu-1.2 million (cishe ingxenye eyodwa yesine ubukhulu beTexas.
Izwe linesilimi esisemthethweni eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, kuhlanganise nesiNgisi, sinabantu abamhlophe abangu-79% nabangu-10%.
Izibalo ze-HIV eNingizimu Afrika
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezingu-5.7 baseNingizimu Afrika bahlala ne-HIV, okumele baphathe cishe abantu abangu-12% (noma cishe isakhamuzi esiyisishiyagalombili). Izibalo ezengeziwe zilandelayo.
- Izinga le-HIV phakathi kwabantu abadala namuhla lingaphezulu kuka-18% (noma cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu).
- Omunye wabantu abane abaneminyaka engama-15 kuya kwengu-49 bakholelwa ukuthi unesandulela ngculazi.
- U-45% wabo bonke abafayo kuleli zwe bangabalwa nge-HIV.
- Abangu-13% abamnyama baseNingizimu Afrika banesandulela ngculazi kanye no-0.3% wabamhlophe baseNingizimu Afrika.
- Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezingane eziyizintandane ezingu-600 000 ngenxa ye-AIDS.
Umlando we-HIV eNingizimu Afrika
Isifo se-HIV savela eNingizimu Afrika ngasekupheleni kuka-1982. Nokho, njengoba leli zwe laliphakathi nokuqedwa kobandlululo, inkinga ye-HIV yilabo abangakhohlwa kakhulu.
Ngesithukuthezi, ngenkathi izingxabano zezombusazwe zilawula imithombo yezindaba, i-HIV yaqala ukubamba, kokubili emphakathini wama-gay kanye nabantu abamnyama abasengozini.
Maphakathi nawo-1990, njengoba izindleko ze-HIV zanda ngamaphesenti angama-60, uhulumeni wahlala kancane kancane ekuphenduleni lokho okwakungenhlekelele yenhlalakahle yomphakathi. Kwakuyiminyaka engama-1990 kuphela ukuthi uMengameli uNelson Mandela wamukele ukuphendula kwezikhalazo zikahulumeni kule nkinga, ngaleso sikhathi iNingizimu Afrika isivele ibe yilapho abantu abaningi abanesandulela ngculaza emhlabeni.
Ngo-2000, uMnyango wezeMpilo waseNingizimu Afrika wachaza uhlelo lweminyaka emihlanu lweHIV / AIDS kepha awatholi ukusekelwa nguMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika uThabo Mbeki. Ngemva kokubonisana neqembu labaphikisi be- AIDS eliholwa uDkt. Peter Duesberg, uMbeki wenqabe isayensi ye-HIV evamile futhi esikhundleni salokho wabe esecabanga ukuthi isifo se-AIDS sisanda kulwa nobubha, ubukoloniyali, nokuhaha kwabantu.
Ngaphandle kokwesekwa kukahulumeni, uhlelo lweminyaka emihlanu aluzange lufike phansi ngokushesha njengoba luhlelwe, kanti abambalwa abakhombise ukuze bathole imishanguzo ye-antiretroviral yamahhala. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-HIV phakathi kwabesifazane baseNingizimu Afrika abakhulelwe bekhuphuke kusukela ku-8% kwe-1% ngo-1990 kuya ku-30% ngo-2000.
Kwakuwukuphela kokususwa kukaMbeki ehhovisi ngo-2008 ukuthi uhulumeni wathatha izinyathelo zokuvuselela le nhlekelele, wanyusa imizamo yokuba yilolu hlelo olukhulu kakhulu lwezidakamizwa ze-HIV emhlabeni jikelele.
Kodwa-ke, ukunyuka kwengcindezi yokwandisa ukufinyeleleka kwezomnotho kuye kwahlukunyezwa yingqalasizinda yezempilo yomphakathi kanye nokunciphisa imali yaseNingizimu Afrika ngaphansi kukaMongameli uJacob Zuma. Kuze kube manje, abantu abangaphansi kuka-30 abangenayo i-HIV bayakwelashwa, kanti izinga lokutheleleka phakathi kwabantu abasha liqhubeka likhuphuka, lingaboni.
Ngokukhethwa kwamanje kukaCyril Ramaphosa njengenhloko ye-African National Congress (ANC), banethemba elikhulu lokuthi umnotho waseNingizimu Afrika uzokwenza ushintsho, futhi, kanye nawo, ukuzama ukuqinisa imizamo ye-HIV yokufaka ama-HIV ezweni.
Ukusabalala kwe-HIV ne-AIDS eNingizimu Afrika
Emashumini eminyaka, umqondo okhona phakathi kwabantu baseNingizimu Afrika ukuthi i-HIV / AIDS kwakuyisifo sabampofu.
Futhi lokho kuhlale kuyiqiniso, okuncane ukuvimbela ukusabalala kokutheleleka emiphakathini ehluphekile.
Phakathi kwalabo abathintekayo kakhulu;
- Abantu abasha abaneminyaka engama-15 kuya kwengu-24 benza ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke zabantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza eNingizimu Afrika, cishe 50%.
- I-akhawunti yebesifazane i-55% yazo zonke izifo ezintsha. Ukungalingani kwezenhlalakahle nezomnotho, ukwehluleka kwamakhosikazi, kanye namazinga aphezulu okudlwengula eNingizimu Afrika ziphakathi kwezimbangela zalezi zinombolo.
- Amadoda alala nobulili namadoda (MSM) asengozini enkulu ye-HIV eNingizimu Afrika, okulinganiselwa ukuthi 33%. Ukukhathazeka kwezinsizakalo ezithile ze-HIV kubantu abesilisa nabesilisa nabesilisa nabesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane, kanye nokungahloniphi kwamasiko eminye imiphakathi baqhuba amanani aphezulu.
- Izisebenzi ezifudukayo ziyingozi enkulu kakhulu ye-HIV, neminye imiphakathi yezimayini ebonisa izinga lokutheleleka elingaphezu kuka-60%. Abantu abesilisa kuphela abahlanganiswa ngamanani aphezulu okuhwebelana ngezocansi ezentengiselwano ukudala isiphepho esiphelele sokutheleleka.
Ukuphumelela e-South African HIV Battle
Kungaba ngokungalungile ukusho ukuthi isithombe sesiphezulu nesigayegaye eNingizimu Afrika. Omunye wempumelelo yayo enkulu kuye kwaba ukunciphisa ukudluliselwa komama kuya kwengane (i-MTCT) ye-HIV . Ngokuqapha kangcono emitholampilo yokubeletha nokusetshenziswa kwemithi yokwelapha i-prophylactic ye-prophylactic, isilinganiso se-MTCT sehlile kusuka ku-8% ngo-2008 kuya ku-2.7% ngo-2012.
Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushona kwe-HIV liye lahla phakathi kwezingane liye lahla ngo-20%. Naphezu kwalokhu, ukuqaliswa kwe-antiretroviral therapy kwezingane kuye kwawela kahle ngemuva kwalabadala, futhi ngaphezu kuka-70% kubo bonke abafelwa ukubeletha eNingizimu Afrika babhekene ne-HIV.
Imithombo
I-Human Sciences Resource Council (HSRC). "Inhlolovo yokuHlala kweSandulela-ngculazi yaseNingizimu Afrika, iNingizimu Afrika kanye noKuziphatha, 2012." EPitoli, eNingizimu Afrika; Disemba 2014; kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 17, 2016.
Natrass, N. "I-AIDS kanye nokuPhathwa kwezesayensi kwezokwelapha ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa kweNingizimu Afrika." Imibiko ye-Oxford: Izindaba ze-Afrika. Februwari 2008; 107 (427): 157-176.
Amasevisi aseMelika okuLawula nokuvimbela izifo (CDC). "Uhlelo lwe-CDC lwe-HIV / AIDS Care and Programs Programs eNingizimu Afrika: I-TB ne-HIV." I-Atlanta, Georgia; Disemba 5, 2011.
Heywood, M. "I-Price of Denial". Ukubuyekezwa kwe-Interfund Development. Disemba 2004; 5 (3).