Phakathi neminyaka engama-50 edlule noma ngaphezulu, i-United States ibone izinto eziningi eziqanjiwe kanye nezinqubo ezintsha, ikakhulukazi ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. Eqinisweni, kube nenqubekela phambili enkulu emithini yemithi ukuthi ukulinganiselwa kokuphila okujwayelekile sekuyiminyaka engaba ngu-80 noma ngaphezulu. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi baphila isikhathi eside kunalokho. Ngenxa yalokho, kuyoba nesidingo esikhulu sezinhlelo ezifana ne-Older American Act (OAA) ukuze zihambisane nokuguga kwezwe labantu.
Ukusebenza kuzo zonke izindawo zesifundazwe, i-OAA inikeza izinsizakalo zezinsizakalo eziphezulu ezinjengezidlo ezinamasondo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuvimbela , ukunakekelwa kwezempilo , ukuhamba, nokuvikelwa ekuhlukumezweni nasekuxhashazweni kwezezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-OAA ibe enye yezinhlelo eziphumelelayo kakhulu ezake zenziwe. Eqinisweni, abaxhasi balolu hlelo babonisa ukuthi livikela iMedicaid neMedare imali eningi ngokuvumela abadala asebekhulile ukuba bahlale emphakathini wabo noma ekhaya.
Ukubheka ngokucophelela i-OAA
Yenziwa ngo-1965 nguMongameli uLyndon B. Johnson, i-OAA inikeza izinsizakalo ezibalulekile kubantu abadala abasengozini kakhulu. Yayisetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa njengezinhlelo ze-Medicare neMedicaid ngenhloso yokusiza abadala ukuba bahlale bephilile futhi ekhaya isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Akuyona nje umgomo owanikeza abantu abadala basezweni uhlobo lokuzimela abayifunayo, kodwa futhi kusiza abadala ukuthi bahlale beyingxenye esebenzayo yomphakathi wabo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
Futhi, lokhu kunciphisa izindleko ezingenzeka uma abadala bengasekelwa. Ekugcineni, i-OAA inciphisa umthwalo wezezimali emisebenzini ye-Medicare ne-Medicaid ngokusebenza ngaphandle kokusebenza kahle uma kuziwa empilweni ephakeme.
Ngaphansi kwe-OAA, umbuso ngamunye uthola izimali ngokusho kwefomula esekelwe isabelo sombuso sabantu base-US abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu.
Umgomo oyinhloko we-OAA ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo kubantu asebekhulile ngokubasiza ukuba "bahlale endaweni" emakhaya nasemiphakathini njengoba impilo yabo kanye nomsebenzi wabo wehla. Ngokuvamile, amazwe athi ahlinzeke ngezinsizakalo kubantu asebekhulile abanezidingo ezinkulu zomnotho nezenhlalakahle. Bagxile ekusizeni abantu abahola imali encane, abancane, nabantu abadala asezindaweni zasemaphandleni.
Kuzo zonke izinhlelo ze-OAA, uhlelo lokudla olumagesi cishe luyaziwa kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, amazwe akwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokudla kwabantu abadala asekhaya, okwenza kube lula ukungondleki. Ngaphezu kokunciphisa indlala, ukusiza abadala ukuba badle impilo enempilo futhi bahlale bezondla futhi kunciphisa inani lokuvakashelwa kwamagumbi okuphuthumayo, ngoba ukungondleki nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi ngokuvamile kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yezibhedlela eziphezulu ezivunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi zokuzithandela eziletha ukudla zikhonza enye indima. Ngokuvamile yibo kuphela abantu abakhulile abazobona njalo. Lokhu okuxhumana naye kusiza ukukhomba izimo lapho ophezulu angadinga usizo olungeziwe ngaphambi kokuba imiphumela ibe yimbi kakhulu.
Ngokusho kocwaningo oluqhutshwa yiSikhungo Sokusebenza Olusebenzayo, wonke amaRandi angu-1 ekusetshenzisweni kwemali ekudleni kwama-Wheel, kunokubuya okungu-$ 50 ku-Savings Medicaid kuphela.
Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlelo ze-OAA ezinjengezidlo ezinamagagasi zivumela abadala ukuba baqhubeke behlala ekhaya. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa amathuba okuba laba badala asebekhulile badinga izinketho zokunakekelwa kwempilo ebiza izindleko ezifana nezibhedlela kanye namakhaya asebekhulile .
Lapho i-OAA Falls efushane
Abagqugquzeli abaningi bezinhlelo ze-OAA balondoloza ukuthi i-OAA ixhaswe ngemali ephansi, ikakhulukazi njengoba abantu beqhubeka bekhula. Eqinisweni, umbiko we-AARP ubonisa ukuthi imali ye-OAA ayihambisani nokukhula kwabantu abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu. Isibonelo, ukuxhaswa kwezinhlelo ze-OAA ngo-2014 kwakufana nokufana no-2004, kepha abantu abangama-60 nangaphezulu bakhula ngamaphesenti angama-30.
Kusukela ngo-2004 kuya ku-2020, le nani kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-55. Ngenxa yalokho, zikhona izidingo eziningi ezingahambi kahle.
Umphumela wukuthi lezi zidingo "zenziwe imithi" futhi zithunyelwa ngezilungiselelo ezibiza izindleko. Isibonelo, uma umuntu ohlala phezulu eyedwa engakwazi ukuthola indlu ukuthenga ukudla, noma ehluleka ukulungisa ukudla, angakwazi kalula ukuba angenamsoco futhi aphelelwe amanzi. Lokhu, futhi, kuholela kumazinga aphezulu esibhedlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwempilo noma usizo olusemakhaya ekhaya, abantu asebekhulile bavame ukuphoqeleka ukuba bangene emakhaya asebekhulile isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba bafanele.
Esinye isibonelo lapho ukungabi namali okwenza ukuba i-OAA ifinyelele ekulebeni kokudla. Ngokombiko we- US Government Accountability Office (GAO) umbiko we-OAA, abantu abadala asebekhulile abanemali encane ababengadinga ukudla abazange bazithole. Eqinisweni, i-GAO ithole ukuthi amaphesenti angu-9 kuphela abantu abadala asebekhulile abahola imali engama-17.6 abadla ukudla ngenkathi kulinganiselwa ukuthi abangamaphesenti angu-19 abantu abadala asebekhulile abathola imali engenalo ukuvikeleka kokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe amaphesenti angu-90 awazange athole noma yiziphi izinsizakalo zokudla. I-GAO iphinde ithole ukuthi abantu abaningi abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu ababenenkinga ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke bathola ukunakekelwa okukhawulelwe noma okungekho ekhaya.
Indlela OAA Isebenza Kanjani Kuwe
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unakekela umzali osekhulile noma uzibuza ukuthi ngabe izinsizakalo ze-OAA zingase zitholakale kuwe, qala ngokuxhumana nendawo yangakini yeSikhungo Sokuguga. Bayokusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi wena noma ilungu lomndeni wakho ufanelekela yini. Khumbula ukuthi ngaphansi kwe-OAA, indawo ngayinye inikeza izinhlelo zokudla nezondlo kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo ekhaya . Ngezinye izikhathi bayokwazi ukuhlinzeka ngemithi yokwelapha , usizo lokusiza ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke nemisebenzi, imfundo nokuqeqesha amalungu omndeni, kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuthutha eziphezulu. Kwezinye izimo, zize zinikeze ukuqeqesha umsebenzi kanye nokusizwa komthetho uma ukuhlukunyezwa noma ukuxhashazwa kwenzeka.
Ngisho noma ungafanelekeli izinsizakalo ngaphansi kwe-OAA, i-Area Agency yakho yokuguga ingakuqondisa ezinhlelweni zomphakathi wena noma ilunga lomndeni ozifanelekele. Ngokuvamile, lawa ma-ejensi ayinhlangano yezinsiza eziphathelene nokuguga futhi angakusiza ukuthola izinsiza wena noma ilungu lomndeni wakho ezidinga.
> Imithombo:
> Fox-Grage, Wendy no-Uivari, uKathleen. "Umthetho omdala waseMelika." I-Insight on Issues , i-AARP Institute Policy Institute, Meyi 2014. https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/public_policy_institute/health/2014/the-older-americans-act-AARP-ppi-health. pdf
> Montgomery, u-Ann. "Umthetho Omdala waseMelika Ngo-2016: Ikusasa Kukhona Manje." I-Altarum, ngo-Ephreli 26, 2016. https://altarum.org/health-policy-blog/the-older-americans-act-in-2016-the-future-is-now
> Ihhovisi le-Accountability Government lika-US. UMthetho waseMelika asekudala: Okunye Okufanele kwenziwe Kwenziwe Ukulinganisa Isidingo Sokungafinyeleli Kwezinsizakalo . GAO-11-237, Februwari 2011. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11237.pdf