Ukuhamba isikhathi eside yizinsuku lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ziyinhloko yokuzijabulisa, futhi i-smartphone isheshe ibe yinto enempilo nokuzilawula. Ngokusho kwe-IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics, inani lezinhlelo zokusebenza zezempilo seluvele lidlula 165,000. Kodwa-ke, i-buzz ehambisana namadivayisi agqokekayo kanye nezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwempilo iphinda iphakamise imibuzo ethile mayelana nokusebenza kwayo, ukwethembeka, nokuphepha.
Ngenkathi ubuchwepheshe bezempilo esetshenziselwa abahlengikazi bavame ukuhlolwa ngendlela efanele ohlelweni lokubukezwa kontanga, amadivaysi athengiswa ngqo kubathengi abavame ukwenza inqubo yokuvotela okunjalo. Ngakho-ke, imakethe yezokwelapha yezempilo igcwele izicelo ezingezona zesayensi nezithembiso ezingenakulinganiswa. Abathengi bavame ukwenza izinqumo zabo ngokuvumelana nokuthandwa kohlelo lokusebenza hhayi ngokuqondile noma ukusebenza kwayo. Njengabasebenzisi, noma kunjalo, kudingeka sihlale siqaphile ukuze singadonsa izingozi ezingenzeka futhi sifunde ukuthi singasebenzisa kanjani amadivayisi amasha nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezempilo zedijithali ngendlela eyozuzisa impilo yethu nenhlalakahle yethu.
Nakuba Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa (FDA) bekulokhu kuqapha izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone ezihambisana namadivayisi wezokwelapha kusukela ngo-2011, insimu iboniswe nzima ukulawula. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zezokwelapha ezingabhekwa njengamadivayisi wezokwelapha futhi zingabangeli ingozi enkulu uma zingasebenzi njengoba kuhlosiwe azidingeki ukuba zihlolwe yi-FDA.
Ukuba ngummeli wakho wezempilo kungase kube njalo ukugembula okungcono kakhulu-ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa kwezobuchwepheshe bezempilo.
Izimangalo eziphathelene nezeMpilo ezingekho Ubufakazi
Abacwaningi abahlukahlukene kanye nochwepheshe bezempilo baye baxwayisa ukuthi amanye amadivaysi ezempilo ze-digital nezinhlelo zokusebenza abanalo ukusekelwa kwesayensi okuzwakalayo. Futhi, ukuhumusha kwedatha nokuhlanganiswa okulinganiselwe kwisistimu yokunakekelwa kwempilo ekhona yizinkinga eziqhubekayo.
Ngokuvamile, idatha eqoqiwe ayikwazanga impilo yomsebenzisi ngendlela enenjongo. Esikhathini esiningi, indlela eyodwa ehambisana nayo yonke isetshenziswa, ngakho-ke izici ngabanye ngezinye izikhathi zinganakiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, kuye kwashiwo ukuthi nakuba umgomo we-Fitbit wokwenza izinyathelo ezingu-10 ngosuku ungase uphile impilo yabantu abaningi, akufanele ngempela wonke umuntu. Abantu abanezimo ezingapheli, abantu asebekhulile nabangacabangi bangase bangazuzi ngokuzikhandla ngaphandle kokucabangela ukubekezela kwabo nokuzivocavoca.
Abanye abathuthukisi benza futhi izimangalo ezingaqinisekisiwe ngalokho imikhiqizo yabo engayenza. Ngo-2011, i-Federal Trade Commission inqume izinkampani ezimbili ezazikhangisa izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza zingelapha izidakamizwa ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya kombala okukhishwe kwi-smartphone. Zombili izinhlelo zokusebenza zisusiwe emakethe. Amacala ahlinzekela ukuqhuma kwezicelo zezempilo ezinikeza "ukwelashwa" kwezimo ezivamile futhi zibheke umthengi ophakathi ongase abe engozini emangalisweni yezokwelapha zamanga.
Njengoba kunomthelela wezobuchwepheshe bezempilo ezithengekayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zezinkinga eziyingqayizivele, amaqembu athile aqala ukuthembela kubo. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukungenelela kwezobuchwephesha okwenziwe ngcono kwezobuchwepheshe akusizi ngaso sonke isikhathi umphumela oyifunayo.
Ucwaningo lukaDkt. John Jakicic kanye nabo osebenza nabo baseYunivesithi yasePittsburgh lwabonisa ukuthi lapho abantu abazama ukunciphisa umzimba basebenzise idivaysi egqokekayo, balahlekelwa isisindo esincane uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abathola ukungenelela okujwayelekile kokuziphatha. Lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi i-tech yezempilo ingase ingasebenzi kangcono ekuguqulweni kokuziphatha kwesikhathi eside kunalokho esikuthembisile. Kodwa abanye bathi, kukhona indawo yobuchwepheshe bezempilo. Ngokuvamile isimo esihle kunazo zonke lapho impilo yedijithali ihlangene nezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ebufakazini kanye / noma ngeziqondiso zezokwelapha zobuchwepheshe.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zezempilo ezingasongela impilo
Nakuba ezinye zezinto ezingalungile noma izimangalo ezingamanga ezenziwe ngabakhiqizi bezempilo bedijithali zinobungozi, abanye bangabangela umonakalo omkhulu.
Ezinye izifundo ziye zaqokomisa izingozi zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlinzeka ngezeluleko zezokwelapha futhi zitholakala ngokukhululekile kubantu abangewona odokotela. Isibonelo, isifundo esivela eNyuvesi yasePittsburgh Medical Center sahlola izicelo ezine ezazisebenzisa isithombe sedijithali ukunquma ukuthi isilonda sesikhumba singase sibe nomdlavuza. Ithimba locwaningo lalayisha izithombe ezingu-188 zezilonda, okungama-60 kuyi-melanoma, kanti abangu-128 babenobunzima. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zazinamazinga ahlukene okuzwela futhi zahlukahluka ekuhloleni kwabo ingozi. Uhlelo lokusebenza olunembile kunazo zonke luthumela izithombe kwi-dermatologist eqinisekiswe yibhodi, ngakho-ke, ehilela udokotela ohlelweni lokuhlola. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintathu, ezithembele ku-algorithms yokuhlaziywa, ukuhlukaniswa okungalungile okungenani ngamaphesenti angu-30 wezilonda eziyi-melanoma. Ngisho nenembile kunazo zonke izimo ezingu-18 ezingabanjwanga i-melanoma ebulalayo futhi zibahlola njengezinhle. Njengoba ukutholakala kokuqala kubalulekile ekunakekeleni i-melanoma, ukuxilongwa okungamanga kungasho umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa-ngaleyo ndlela, le miphumela iyakhathazeka. Abalobi babonisa ukuthi nakuba izinhlelo zokusebenza zokutholakala kwe-melanoma zithengiswa njengamathuluzi ezemfundo, zakhishwa umphakathi ngaphandle kwenqubo efanele yokuqapha. Izikhangiso ziphakanyisiwe ukuthi zikwazi ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokubungozi esihlwini bese zitshela ukuthi ngabe zimbi yini noma cha. Uma iziguli zifaka esikhundleni sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha nge-dermatologist yalezi zifundo, zingazitholela engozini enkulu yokulimala.
Olunye ucwaningo, oluholwa nguDkt. Kit Huckvale wase-Imperial College London, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilinganiselwe ezibala izilingo ze-insulin ezigulini zesifo sikashukela. Ngaphandle kwe-46 insulin calculators, okukodwa kuphela okwakungenasiphelo ngokwemigomo ebekwe iqembu lezocwaningo. Amanye amaphutha ayengatholakali kalula futhi kwabonakala kuphela ngemva kokuvivinya ngokucophelela. Ku-athikili yabo eshicilelwe ku- BMC Medicine , uHuckvale kanye nosebenza nabo baphetha ngokuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zokubala zokufaka isilinganiso se-insulin zamanje zingenza isiguli singaphezu ngokweqile noma sithole isilinganiso esiphezulu. Lokhu kungase kuholele kwimicimbi emangalisayo.
Ukuhamba Ngento Esebenzayo Nalokho Okungenjalo
Njengoba izinhlelo zokusebenza zezempilo eziningi namadivayisi we-tech weselula inikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu, kubalulekile ukuthi abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuyihlola ngokujulile. U-Angela Hardi we-Washington University School of Medicine eSt. Louis ubonisa eminye yemibuzo okufanele siyibuze ngaphambi kokunquma ukusebenzisa idivayisi yezempilo noma uhlelo lokusebenza:
- Ubani odale uhlelo lokusebenza? Kufanele uqaphele ukubaluleka kobunikazi kanye nokubambisana. Ungalindela ukuthi idivaysi yezempilo ye-digital eyiqiniso noma uhlelo lokusebenza libandakanya umsebenzi odokotela nabachwepheshe bezempilo.
- Ingabe imithombo esetshenziselwa ukudala uhlelo lokusebenza ishiwo? Kufanele kube nokunye ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza.
- Ingabe uhlelo lokusebenza lubonakala njengesilengiso somunye umkhiqizo? Noma, zikhona izikhangiso ezivela? Uhlelo lokusebenza kufanele luzizwe njengomthombo wolwazi, hhayi ithuluzi lokuzijabulisa / isikhangiso.
Ezinye izici ongase uthande ukuzicabangela lapho uhlola uhlelo lokusebenza zihlanganisa:
- Ingabe ifika nomshuwalense wemitholampilo? Uma kunjalo, funda ngokucophelela.
- Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza njengezibalo, ingabe amafomula asetshenziselwa izibalo aboniswa ngokucacile?
- Ingabe kukhona ubufakazi bokusekela izimangalo ezenziwe ngabaqambi? Isibonelo, ingabe kube khona izifundo zomtholampilo mayelana nedivayisi?
- Ingabe ukusekelwa kwamakhasimende kuyatholakala futhi / noma kulula ukuxhumana nomenzi?
- Uhlelo lokusebenza lubuyekezwe nini?
- Ingabe ifika nenqubomgomo yobumfihlo? Kufanele ubheke ukuthi iyiphi idatha eqoqwayo nokuthi yini eyabelwe. Futhi, ngubani ophethe idatha?
- Kungenzeka yini ukulanda noma ukuthumela idatha yakho?
- Ingabe uhlelo lokusebenza lisikisela ukuthi luqapha isimo sezempilo esingapheli kanye / noma inikeza izimpendulo emibuthanweni yemitholampilo? Uma kunjalo, thintana nodokotela wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise futhi uphelele iseluleko sezokwelapha ngodokotela wakho.
Kukhona izinsiza ezitholakalayo ezingakusiza ukuthi uhlole izinhlelo zokusebenza zokwelashwa ezikhona. Isibonelo, i-American Psychiatric Association (APA) inikeza uhlelo lokulinganisela uhlelo lokusebenza lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezempilo yengqondo. Bahlakulele imodeli yokuhlola engasiza abasebenzisi ukwenza isinqumo esinolwazi. Lo modeli ubheka izinqubo ezilandelayo: ulwazi lomlando, ubumfihlo nokuvikeleka, ubufakazi, lula ukusetshenziswa, nokusebenzisana.
Lapho uhlola uhlelo lokusebenza, kufanele ucabange nokuthi kuyasebenza nokuthi kusebenza kanjani. Ingabe lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi uzokusebenzisa esikhathini esithile?
Konke kukho, kunezici eziningi ongase uzifune ukuzicabangela, ngakho kubalulekile ukuthatha isikhathi futhi ubheke ngokucophelela izici ezihlukahlukene zanoma yikuphi ubuchwepheshe bezempilo, kanye nokufunda izibuyekezo. Noma kunjalo, ukuthandwa akuwona njalo isibonakaliso esihle uhlelo lokusebenza lunekhwalithi ethile. Isibonelo, uDkt. Iltifat Husain, osebenza njengomprofesa wothisha wezimo eziphuthumayo eWake Forest University School of Medicine, waphawula ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lokulinganisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi okwesikhashana okwenzeka phakathi "kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhokhelwayo eziphezulu" ku-Apple App Isigaba seSitolo ne-Fitness sesitolo asizange senze kahle futhi asikho ubufakazi bokusekela izindlela zayo zokulinganisa. U-Husain uphakamisa ukuthi uyakususa esitolo se-intanethi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, le nkampani yenze kucace ukuthi idivaysi kuphela inikeza ukulinganisa kwengcindezi yegazi futhi akufanele isetshenziselwe iseluleko sezokwelapha noma ukuxilongwa.
Kubuye Kindlela Owusebenzisa ngayo
Ubuchwepheshe bezempilo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezempilo kungaba yithuluzi elihle lokuziqapha futhi indlela enhle yokusekela indlela yokuphila enempilo. Kubalulekile, Nokho, ukubheka ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ngokufanele nangokwenkolo. Akuyona impilo yedijithali ngesonto ukuthi ochwepheshe abaningi bayasixwayisa ngakho, kodwa ukukhathazeka kwethu ngakho.
Isici sokusebenzisa ngokweqile singaba nesifo esibucayi uma kuziwa ezinganeni. Ithimba labachwepheshe bezengqondo kusukela eNyuvesi yaseSouth California liqhube isifundo nabalingisi besithupha abathunyelwe ekamu langaphandle lezinsuku ezinhlanu ngaphandle kokufinyelela izikrini. Ngesikhathi esifushane, ikhono labo lokuqonda izimpendulo ezingezona amazwi ezizwakalayo zithuthuke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo elikwazi ukuthola imidiya yabo yedijithali. Lokhu okutholakele kubonise ukubaluleka kokusebenzisana ubuso nobuso ngenqubo yokwenza umphakathi. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe buhlinzeka ngamathuba amaningi okuxhumana nokuthuthukiswa, kungaphinde kuvimbele amanye amakhono ethu ayisisekelo, njengokufunda imizwelo yabantu-ikhono elingenakufunda ngokubheka esikrinini. Esinye isifundo esivela eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eLos Angeles, esibheke ukuthi isibopho somuntu siphinde sabika kanjani ukuthi ukukhulumisana komuntfu kwakungcono kunombhalo, umsindo, nezingxoxo zevidiyo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukucabangela kusukela okunamathiselwe okuzenzekelayo kwabantu kuyisidingo sabantu esidlulayo, futhi ubufakazi busekela ukuthi ezimweni eziningi lezi zinamathiselo ziholela emiphumeleni yezempilo engcono.
Mhlawumbe enye yezinto zokuqala okumele uzikhumbule uma uhlola noma yikuphi ubuchwepheshe bezempilo ukuthi kufanele senze ubuchwepheshe busebenze kithi kuqala hhayi ngokuphambene nalokho. Yenza ngokuzikhandla ngokugcwele, futhi cishe uzothola umvuzo uma kuziwa ekutholeni amathuluzi ezempilo we-digital.
> Imithombo:
> Akilov O, Patton T, Moreau J, et al. Ukungaqondi kahle kwezicelo ze-smartphone zokuthola i-melanoma. I-JAMA Dermatology , 2013; 149 (4): 422-426
> Huckvale K, Adomaviciute S, Car J, Prieto J, Leow M, Car J. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone zokubala i-insulin dose: Ukuhlola okuhlelekile. BMC Medicine , 2015; 13 (1)
> Jakicic J, Davis K, Wahed A, et al. Umphumela wezobuchwepheshe obugqokekayo kuhlangene nokungenelela ngendlela yokuphila ekulahlekeni kwesisindo eside: Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-IDEA esingakahleleki. I-JAMA , 2016; 316 (11): 1161-1171
> Sherman L, Greenfield P, Michikyan M. Imiphumela yombhalo, umsindo, ividiyo, nokukhulumisana komuntu ngokuzibopha phakathi kwabahlobo . I-Cyberpsychology , 2013; 7 (2): i-athikili 3.
> Uhls Y, Michikyan M, Greenfield P, et al. Izinsuku ezinhlanu ekamu lokufundisa ngaphandle ngaphandle kwezikrini zithuthukisa amakhono ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye ngezingcaphuno zokungavumeli. Amakhompiyutha Ekuziphatheni Komuntu , 2014; 39: 387-392.