Amakhowe yi-fungi encane noma enkulu enemizimba ehlukahlukene yokuhluma futhi ikhula ngenhla noma ngezansi. Amakhowe adla ngokuya abe yingxenye yokudla okunempilo, futhi cishe uye wabona izinhlobo ezimbalwa zalezi esitolo noma emenyu ekudleni okuthandayo. Nakuba zivame ukusetshenziselwa ekuphekeni, amanye amakhowe asetshenziselwe imithi yokwelapha yesiGreki neyakwaShayina ukuze aphathe izimo ezithile zezokwelapha, ezifana nokuvuvukala, ukukhathala noma ukutheleleka.
Ngenxa yezinzuzo zabo zezempilo, amakhowe avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukudla okusebenzayo". Kubuye kube neziqu ezimbalwa zezifundo eziye zabheka ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezithile zamakhowe ezidliwayo ekwelapheni isifo senhliziyo - kuhlanganise ne-cholesterol ephezulu ne- triglycerides - futhi imiphumela ivela manje ibeka ithemba.
Amakhomikhali Anamathela Kanjani?
Ngeshwa, iningi lezifundo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwamakhowe ekunciphiseni i-cholesterol ephakeme noma i-triglyceride zenzelwe izilwane, njengamakhophu, onogwaja kanye namagundane. Eziningi zalezi zifundo zihlola kuphela i-shiitake (i- Lentinus edodes ), i-Portobello (i- Agaricus bisporus ) noma ama-mushroom ama-oyster (i- Pleurotus ostreatus ) - amanye amakhowe athandwa kakhulu atholakala ezitolo zokudla kanye nezindawo zokudlela. Lezi zilwane zondliwa amaphesenti amakhowe omisiwe ekudleni kwazo esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezinyanga ezimbili. Kwezinye zezifundo, kubonakala sengathi:
- Izinga lama-cholesterol lalinganiselwa phakathi kwamaphesenti ayishumi namaphesenti angu-65.
- Amazinga e- Triglyceride anciphisa ngamaphesenti angama-70.
- Amazinga e- LDL ama- cholesterol anciphisa phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-5 no-54.
- Amazinga we- HDL we- cholesterol awabonakala engathinteki ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izifundo ezimbalwa kuphela zibukeka nge-HDL, i-LDL, namazinga we-triglyceride, kanti izifundo eziningi zibuke umphumela wamakhowe ngamazinga we-cholesterol.
Imiphumela yokuhlola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamakhowe kubonakala sengathi iyincike emthamo, okusho ukuthi inani eliphakeme lamakhowe elidliwe lingabangela ukuncipha okukhulu kwe lipids. Ukwengeza, ukunciphisa kakhulu kwe-lipids kwaphawulwa ezilwaneni futhi zidla ukudla okunamafutha amaningi noma i-cholesterol.
Kunezifundo ezimbalwa zabantu ezihlolisisa umphumela wamakhowe ngezinga le-cholesterol ne-triglyceride. Lezi zifundo zincane futhi ziphikisana:
- Esicwaningweni esisodwa, abantu abayisihlanu bathengisa ama-10 kuya kwangu-15 amagremu ama-oyster omisiwe amakhowe nsuku zonke phakathi nenyanga. Lokhu kwaholela ekunciphiseni kwesilinganiso sezinga le-cholesterol ngamaphesenti angama-30.
- Kwesinye isifundo esincane, abantu abangu-20 abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi abanezinga eliphezulu lamapidisi elibangelwa ukwelashwa kwama-antiretroviral badla amagremu angu-15 amakhowe ama-oyster omisiwe-omisiwe nsuku zonke izinyanga ezimbili. Ekupheleni kwesifundo, kwakungekho umphumela ophawulekayo emazingeni e-cholesterol - noma kunjalo, amazinga e-triglyceride wehla ngokwesilinganiso samaphesenti angaba ngu-19.
Izithako Zempilo Enamakhomikhali
Kubonakala sengathi kunezithako ezimbalwa ezitholakala kumakhowe angabangela imiphumela yabo yokunciphisa i-lipid:
- I-Beta-glucan , ifomu le -fibre e-soluble , litholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zamakhowe. Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-beta-glucan ingaphazamisa ukumuncwa kwe-cholesterol engxenyeni yegazi.
- I-Eritadenine, kucatshangwa ukuthi iyanciphisa amazinga e-lipid ngokushintsha indlela i-lipids ethile eyenziwa ngayo esibindi.
- I-Mevinolin, esinye isithako esitholakala kwamanye amakhowe, esebenza ngokuvimbela i-HMG CoA ukunciphisa, i-enzyme eyinhloko esetshenziselwa ukwenza i-cholesterol emzimbeni.
Lezi zimakhemikhali ezinciphisa i-cholesterol ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwezihlobo ezahlukene zama-mushroom futhi okwamanje ziphenywa njengezokwelapha ezingase zikwazi ukuvimbela isifo senhliziyo.
Kufanele Ngifake Amakhomikhali Ekudleni Kwami?
Nakuba ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi amakhowe angase abe nezinzuzo eziwusizo ezingasiza ekunciphiseni ama-cholesterol namazinga e-triglyceride, kudingeke olunye ucwaningo ukuze uphenye lokhu.
Naphezu kokufundwa okulinganiselwe, amakhowe aphezulu e-fibre namaprotheni futhi aphansi kuma-carbohydrate ahlanzekile namafutha agcwele - okwenza kube nokudla okuhle okufaka phakathi kokudla kwenhliziyo yakho enempilo.
Uma ufuna imibono yokuthi ungafaka kanjani amakhowe ekudleni kwakho kokuncipha kwe-cholesterol, kunezindlela eziningi zokwengeza kuzicelo zokubheka.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zezempilo ezingase zibe khona, amanye amakhowe angase abe nezinambuzane ezingaba yingozi. Ukuze uphephe, akufanele udle amakhowe atholakala endle ngaphandle uma uqiniseka ukuthi amakhowe adle. Izinhlobo zamakhowe ezidliwayo zitholakala esitolo sakho sokudla noma zokudlela zendawo.
Imithombo:
Abrams DI, Couey P, Shade SB, et al. Imiphumela ye-Antihyperlipidemic yamakhowe amakhowe abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza bathatha ukwelashwa kwama-antiretroviral. I-BMC Compl Alt Med 2011; 11: 60.
UGuillamon E, Garcia-Lafuente A, Lozano M, et al. Amakhowe adlayo: indima ekuvikeleni isifo senhliziyo. I-Fitoterapia 2010; 715-723.
I-Oop O, uMilcek J, Jurikova T. Beta-glucans enhlobonhlobo ephakeme nemisebenzi yabo yezempilo. Isitifiketi sikaNutriti 2009; 67: 624-631.
U-Valverde ME, uHernandez-Perez T, iParades-Lopez. Amakhowe adlayo: ngcono impilo nokukhuthaza izinga lokuphila. I-Int J Microbiol 2015: 1-14.
Yang H, Hwang I, Kim S et al. I-Lentinus edodes ikhuthaza ukukhipha amafutha kumagundane e-hypercholesterolemic. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6: 1409-1413.
Yoon KN, Alam N, Lee JS, et al. Impumulelo ye-hyperlipidemic ye- Lentinus edodes yokudla e-plasma, indwangu kanye nama-hepatic tisses kuma-rats hypercholesterolemic. I-Mycology 2011; 39: 96-102.