Uma ngabe uhlolwe i-cholesterol yakho ngaphambili, cishe uye waphawula izinhlobo eziningi ze-cholesterol ezibalulwe emphumela wakho webhu. I-LDL, i-VLDL, i-HDL - konke kusho ukuthini? Zonke lezi zinhlobo ze-cholesterol zingakhiwa izingxenye ezifanayo, kodwa imisebenzi yazo emzimbeni ahlukile. Ukuba namazinga aphakeme noma anciphisa ezinye zalezi zinhlobo ze-cholesterol zingandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa isifo senhliziyo.
I-cholesterol ne-triglyceride yizinhlayiya ezinamafutha. Ngenxa yezindawo zabo ezifana ne-fat, abakwazi ukuhamba kalula egazini. Ukuze i-cholesterol ne-triglycerides zihambe egazini, zivame ukuthwala amaprotheni enza i-cholesterol futhi i-triglyceride ibe ne-soluble engaphezu kwegazi. Le nkimbinkimbi ye-lipid neprotheyini ibizwa ngokuthi i-lipoprotein. Uma i-triglycerides ne-cholesterol zisuswa kule nkimbinkimbi ye-lipoprotein, futhi uneprotheni yedwa, ingxenye yeprotheyini ibizwa ngokuthi i-apolipoprotein. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-apolipoprotein zihlotshaniswa ne-lipoproteins ehlukene.
Kunezinhlobo eziyisihlanu zama-lipoprotein egazini, futhi zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngokusho kwabantu. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-lipoproteins ezihlaziywa iphaneli ye-lipid zihlanganisa:
- I-Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) kakhulu. Lezi zinopoprotein ziqukethe i-triglycerides, amanye ama-molecule we-cholesterol, namaphrotheni angaphansi. Amafutha amaningi i-lipoprotein iqukethe, ubuncane obuncane obukhona. Kulesi simo, i-VLDL incane kakhulu kunamapoprotein amaningi ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo kwe-lipid. I-VLDL yenziwe esibindi futhi inesibopho sokuletha i-triglycerides kumaseli emzimbeni, okudingekayo ngezinqubo zeselula. Njengoba i-triglyceride ihanjiswa kuma-cell, i-VLDL yenziwe ingaphansi kwamafutha kanye namaprotheni amaningi, ishiya i-cholesterol emkhathini. Njengoba le nqubo iqhubeka, i-VLDL izogcina ibe yikomlekhali ye-LDL.
- I-Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL). I-LDL iqukethe i-cholesterol engaphezu kwe-triglycerides namaprotheni. Ngenxa yokuthi iqukethe iphrotheni encane kanye neprotein amaningi uma iqhathaniswa ne-VLDL, ubukhulu bayo bukhulu. I-LDL inesibopho sokuthwala i-cholesterol kumaseli adinga yona. Amazinga e-LDL aphakanyisiwe ahlotshaniswa nobungozi obukhulu besifo senhliziyo. Izinhlobo ezithile ze-LDL - ikakhulukazi encane, i-LDL encane (i-sdLDL) ne- LDL ene-oxidized (oxLDL) - ihlotshaniswe nokugqugquzela ukubunjwa kwe- atherosclerosis ngokubeka amafutha emagcekeni we-arteries emzimbeni. Ngenxa yokuthi amazinga akhudlwana e-LDL ahlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo senhliziyo, i-LDL ibiwa nangokuthi "i-cholesterol" embi.
- I-High-Density Lipoprotein (i-HDL). Uma kuqhathaniswa neLDL, i-HDL iqukethe i-cholesterol engaphansi kanye namaprotheni amaningi, okwenza lezi lipoprotein zibe densest. I-HDL yenziwe esibindi nasemathunjini. Kuphethwe ukuthwala i-cholesterol kusuka kumaseli abuyele esibindi. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-HDL nayo ibhekwa njenge-"cholesterol" enhle.
Kukhona nezinye i-lipoproteins ezisebenza nokuthutha amafutha kumaseli, kodwa ngokuvamile azilinganiswanga iphaneli yepayipi ejwayelekile. Lokhu kufaka:
- Ama-Chylomicrons. Lawa ma-lipoprotein yiwona omncane kakhulu we-lipoproteins. Lezi zinhlayiya ngokuyinhloko zakhiwa nge-triglycerides kanye ne-protein encane. I-Chylomicrons inesibopho sokuthutha i-lipids emathanjeni emathunjini kumaseli emzimbeni.
- I-Intermediate Density Lipoprotein (IDL). Lezi zinopoprotein zincane kakhulu kunezimvukuzane ze-LDL kodwa zikhulu kunezingqinamba ze-VLDL. Njengoba i-triglycerides ku-VLDL idilizwa ngamaseli ayidinga, i-particle iba yinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokushintsha kwe-lipid kuya kwamaprotheni isilinganiso. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi i-VLDL iguqulwe ibe i-IDL. Njengoba i-triglycerides ne-cholesterol zithunyelwa kwamaseli amaningi emzimbeni, IDL izoguqulwa kancane kancane ibe yi-LDL.
> Imithombo:
> Baron RB. Izimpikiswano ze-Lipid. Ku: Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. ama-eds. Ukutholakala Kwezokwelapha Nokwelashwa Kwamanje 2015 . ENew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014.
> Rader DJ, Hobbs HH. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Lipoprotein Metabolism. Ku: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. I-Harrison's Principals of Internal Medicine, 19e. ENew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.