U-Gartner ogama lakhe lingu-blockchain elilodwa lamathrendi wezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kakhulu ngo-2018. I-Consumer Electronics Show (i-CES) yaseLas Vegas yalowo nyaka ibonise njengenye yezihloko ezithandekayo kakhulu zobukiso. Uma usanda kufika emcimbini we-tech noma ushicilele umagazini we-tech, cishe usuvele uqaphele i-buzz block block.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Blockchain ekuqaleni bewethulwa ukwenza lula ukuthengiswa kwemali.
Inzuzo ye-blockchain yilokho irekhodi lokuthengiselana libhaliswe ngokuphepha, ukugwema isidingo somuntu othembekile wesithathu. Njengamanje, i-Bitcoin cryptocurrency iyisicelo esaziwa kakhulu se-blockchain, kodwa kunezinkulungwane zabanye. Izakhiwo ezintsha ze-blockchain zenzelwe ukusekela izimboni ezihlukene, kuhlanganise namandla, ezokuvakasha, ezokuthutha kanye nomkhakha wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, i-blockchain idunyiswe ngokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemininingwane ebucayi nokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okugunyaziwe kumarekhodi ezempilo kagesi . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalokhu ubuchwepheshe bukhona, kusobala ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukunciphisa idatha noma ukukhohlisa amarekhodi. Noma kunjalo, abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi i-blockchain ingenye yezobuchwepheshe obungacatshangwa kakhulu nokuthi akuzona zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyiqiniso ngempela.
Lesi sihloko sihlola ezinye zezinto ezisetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile kanye nokunikezwa kwe-blockchain ekunakekelweni kwezempilo okwamanje.
Yini i-Blockchain Technology?
Ama-blockchains, aphinde abizwe ngokuthi ama-ledgers ahanjiswayo, amarekhodi amarekhodi angabelana nabo ontanga. Awuguquguquki-okusho ukuthi balandela umthetho othi "bhala kanye futhi ufunde kuphela." Ngamanye amazwi, amarekhodi anganezelwa kepha angasuswa. I-block ngayinye ingabhalwa ngekhodi, futhi ukufinyeleleka kolwazi kungenzeka kuphela ngezihluthulelo ezifanele zokubhala.
Ngakho-ke, i-blockchains ibhekwa njengeyimfihlo. Ngenxa yezihluthulelo ze-cryptographic, asikho nesidingo sabathengi noma abakwa-middlemen ukufinyelela idatha ebucayi.
Ama-blockchains avame ukuchazwa ngokuthi "asemthethweni," okusho ukuthi amaqembu amaningi abamba idatha, futhi ayikho igunya eliphakeme phezu kwabo. Umthinteli ngamunye ugcina irekhodi lalo lonke ulwazi. Lesi sici sisho nokuthi i-blockchains ivikelekile ekuhlaselweni kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, njengokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber. Isibonelo, i-WannaCry ye-cyberattack engathandeki ukuthi ngo-2017 ithinte ama-computer angama-200,000 emazweni angu-150 (kufaka phakathi uhlelo lukazwelonke lwezempilo lwe-United Kingdom) ayengenakwenzeka uma uhlelo lwe-blockchain lwalukhona. Ngokwemfundiso, i-blockchains ingathinteka kuphela uma ihlaselwa ezindaweni eziningi.
UMark Engelhardt, ophethe i-Ph.D. kusuka eStanford University futhi manje engumphathi omkhulu we-Healthcoin, uthi ukuhlola ukuphepha kwe-blockchain ubuchwepheshe, sidinga ukubuka iB Bitcoin kuphela. Ivulekele kubaduni iminyaka eminingi, i-Bitcoin, ukusetshenziswa kwe-blockchain, ihlala ingenasici, ihlinzeka ngezinga elithile lokuzethemba kubasebenzisi besikhathi esizayo.
U-Engelhardt ukholelwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain (ngokuhambisana nezendlalelo zohlelo lokusebenza ezakhiwe ngaphansi kwethekhnoloji) kungaba yindlela enhle yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, okuhlinzeka abasebenzisi ngokuyimfihlo nokulula ukusetshenziswa.
I-Healthcoin, eyasungulwa yi-Engelhardt, ingenye yamapulatifomu okuqala e-blockchain agxila ekuvikeleni isifo sikashukela. Yisistimu yokugqugquzela elandela ama-biomarker wakho (isb., Isilinganiso senhliziyo, isisindo, ushukela wegazi) futhi sinquma ukuthuthukiswa kwakho empilweni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imiphumela emihle ikuthola "Impilo," engasetshenziswa ukusika izindleko zakho zomshuwalense.
Imiphumela ye-Blockchain ye-Industry Care Industry
I-Blockchain inikeza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngamathuba amasha. Izicelo ezithile zingase zibe yiqiniso kunabanye, noma kunjalo. Ngezansi kunezinye izibonelo ezibonisa ukuthi i-blockchain engase ibambe.
- Ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha, ubumfihlo, nokuthembeka kokushintshaniswa kwedatha nokusebenzisana.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bezobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi amarekhodi ezempilo kanye nedatha yezokwelapha bangcono kakhulu egcinwe efwini. Lokhu kwenza abasebenzisi bakwazi ukufinyelela kalula idatha yabo kunalokho uma leyo datha ihlala ema-silos. Noma kunjalo, ngezindinganiso zamanje zokugcinwa kwefu, ukusebenzisana kuyinto inselele. Isibonelo, abahlinzeki bokunakekela abahlukene kanye namanethiwekhi abakwazi ukuxhumana ngaso sonke isikhathi ngendlela evulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuqotho nobuqiniso bamarekhodi agcinwe efwini ahlale engabaza.
I-Blockchain ubuchwepheshe obungakwazi ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga futhi kungandisa ukwethembeka kanye nokuvumelana kwemininingwane yezempilo. Nge-technology blockchain, ulwazi lwesiguli lungadluliselwa kalula phakathi kwabahlinzeki abahlukene nezinhlangano. Asikho isidingo sokuqinisekisa okuqhubekayo noma umuntu ophakathi. Esikhundleni salokho, izivumelwano "ezihlakaniphile" ezingaguquguquki ngokusebenzisa i-blockchain, zisetshenziswe njengendlela engcono kakhulu. - Ukwakha amarekhodi wezokwelapha ezigxilwe ngesineke.
Ngokuvamile, izinkampani ze-blockchain zifisa ukuthola uhlelo olugxilwe ngesineke lapho iziguli zingakwazi ukufinyelela njalo nokulawula idatha yazo yezokwelapha. Ngokuyinhloko, ngale ndlela, unayo idatha yakho, futhi nguwe ovumela (noma ovimbela) abanye ukuthi bangene kumarekhodi akho. Inani lemaphepha okwamanje edingekayo ukuze ihambisane namazinga we-HIPAA yinkinga odokotela-uhlelo oluhlelekile futhi oluhle kakhulu lungasiza ukunciphisa okunye kwalokhu mthwalo.
Ezinye izinkampani ezisekelwe ku-blockchain zisebenza kulo mgomo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Medicalchain, inkampani esebenzayo kwi-blockchain yamarekhodi ezempilo e-elekthronikhi, igxile ekufinyeleleni okufakwe esibhedlela. Bafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi la marekhodi wezokwelapha ayinakho iphutha, asheshe asetshenziswe futhi adluliselwe kalula phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Uhlelo lwabo olusha luhilela uhlelo lokukhishwa odokotela abaqeqeshwe ukulandela. Yonke idatha ihlonishwa, ngakho ukwabelana phakathi kwezibhedlela, inshuwalense yezempilo kanye nabanye abathintekayo kulula kunezindlela zendabuko.
I-Medicalchain nayo ikwakha uhlelo lwe-blockchain olusekelwe emhlabeni wonke. Isibonelo, uma uthola ukwelashwa ngaphandle kwezwe lakho, lolu hlelo luzokwenza ukwabelana okulula kwamarekhodi akho wezokwelapha kanye nolunye ulwazi olubalulekile lomuntu nomhlinzeki womhlaba wonke wokukhetha kwakho. - Ukunciphisa ukukhwabanisa okuhlobene nemithi kadokotela.
Ukukhwabanisa kwezidakamizwa ngokwemithi kuyinselele enkulu. Abakhohlisi basebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene ukuze bakhohlise uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo-kusukela ekukopheni imiyalelo kuya "odokotela bethenga" ukuze uthole imiyalelo eminingi yangempela ngangokunokwenzeka odokotela abahlukahlukene.
Inkampani ye-Blockchain Nuco yavela nesisombululo sinoveli kule nkinga. Kuhilela ukubeka imidwebo ngekhodi efundekayo ngomshini ehlotshaniswa ne-block yolwazi, njengegama lomuthi, ubungakanani balo kanye nesitembu sesikhathi. I-pharmist idinga ukuskena ikhodi (isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa i-smartphone) futhi umuthi ulinganiswa ne-blockchain. Ngale ndlela, ukunemba kwemithi kadokotela kungahlolwa ngokushesha.
Abathintekayo abathintekayo kulindeleke ukuba bahlanganyele kuloluhlelo lokuvimbela ukukhwabanisa, kubandakanya abahlinzeki bomshuwalense, izibhedlela kanye nama-pharmacy. Ngamunye walawa maqembu angakwazi ukufinyelela kuphela ulwazi abanelungelo. (Idatha ecacile ifinyelelwe ukuhlinzeka okhiye abalungile bokubhala, okusiza ukuqinisekisa ubumfihlo besiguli.) - Ukulandelela nokuvimbela ukuthengiswa kwezidakamizwa namadivaysi amanga.
Abantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele abanakho ukufinyelela kwezidakamizwa eziphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa namadivaysi asezokwelapha ezithengiswa emazweni asathuthuka ngezinye izikhathi zilingisa ekuqaleni. Uhlelo lwe-blockchain-based lungenza ukhetho lwezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lube lubala futhi luhlinzeke wonke amaqembu ngesistimu yokulandelela umsindo, ukulandelela ukulethwa komkhiqizo ovumelekile okuvela kumkhiqizi kube yisiguli.
Lolu hlobo lokuqondisa luyoba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhokheni. I-iSolve yinkampani esebenze ukuthuthukisa ubuqotho bempahla yezidakamizwa. Baye baqala imiklamo ye-blockchain ibe yizinkampani zokuhlinzeka futhi basebenza ndawonye nezinkampani eziningana zezokwelapha. - Ukuthuthukisa amarekhodi esilingo emtholampilo kanye nocwaningo lwezokwelapha.
Ukubuyekezwa okushicilelwe ku - BMJ kugcizelele ukuthi izifundo eziningi zezokwelapha azikashicilelwa. Eqinisweni, ukuhlaziywa kwabonisa ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso, imiphumela engamaphesenti angu-36 kuphela yokutadisha isakazwa phakathi neminyaka emibili kokuqedwa kwesifundo. Imiphumela emibi ikakhulukazi ngokuvamile ayinaki. Uma kungaxazululwanga, lokhu kuzoqhubeka nokuthinta kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni imithi, hhayi ukukhuluma ngocwaningo lwezokwelapha kanye nomkhuba wokwelashwa.
Amarekhodi anikwe amandla okuvimba nge-Blockchain wezilingo zezokwelapha (kanye nemiphumela yawo) angasiza ukuhambisa ucwaningo lwezokwelapha ngendlela efanele. Ngamarekhodi okutadisha angenakuguquguquka okwamanje, ingozi yokungazinaki idatha ngokusebenzisa ukubika okukhethiwe kungase ibe ncishiswe. Abanye ochwepheshe baphinde bathi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabahlanganyeli nabacwaningi kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa nge-block block ye-blockchain. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina amasheya amakhulu futhi ukwabelana nabo kungaba lula. Ngale ndlela, abacwaningi abavela emhlabeni jikelele bazokwazi ukuthola imiphumela yokutadisha. Abacwaningi bangalinganisa izifundo zangaphambili ngemininingwane yabo siqu, okukwazi ukukhulisa ukubambisana komhlaba. - I-Blockchain nembonini yamazinyo.
I-Dentacoin yisibonelo se-blockchain esekelwe esekelwe emphakathini wamazinyo. I-cryptocurrency engayithola noma ithengwe. Isibonelo, iziguli zivuzwa "Izidakamizwa" zokushiya isibuyekezo mayelana nomhlinzeki wamazinyo futhi zingasebenzisa umvuzo we-Dentacoin wamazinyo wezinyosi. Ngomunye umtholampilo, amanye emitholampilo yamazinyo asemukele kakade le mali.
Abadali beDentacoin bahlela ukwandisa ububanzi bemisebenzi. Esikhathini esizayo, kungase kube khona ukusetha inkontileka nomhlinzeki wakho wamazinyo usebenzisa isevisi.
Izinzuzo kanye Nezingozi Zokusebenzisa Ama-blockchains ku-Health Care
Nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain buvuselela injabulo enkulu, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe buyithuluzi kuphela. Isibonelo, ulwazi olufakwe kwi-blockchain akulona olunembile noma oluphezulu. Ukuze uzuze ngokugcwele kulobu buchwepheshe beveli, kudingekile ukuhlela ngokucophelela, kokubili ezingeni lobuchwepheshe kanye nezinga lokuphatha. Futhi, ngokunikeza amandla amaningi nokulawula amarekhodi ezempilo kubasebenzisi, kudingeka futhi siqinisekise ukuthi bathola imfundo eyanele ukuze bakwazi ukukhululeka nalolu buchwepheshe obusha.
Njengamanje, iningi lezinhlelo ze-blockchain ezixoxwayo zisalokhu ku-alpha noma kwi-beta yazo. Ochwepheshe baxwayisa ukuthi kubalulekile lezi mikhiqizo emisha azikhiphi masinyane emakethe. Sivele nje sifunde indlela yokuhamba ngobuchwepheshe be-blockchain. Noma kunjalo, i-blockchain ithatha isithembiso esihle sokushintsha isimiso sethu sokunakekelwa kwezempilo, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi sibe nomthelela ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo oluphephile nolugxile kakhulu.
> Imithombo:
> Alhadhrami Z, Alghfeli S, Alghfeli M, Abedlla JA noShuaib K. Ukwethulwa kwama-Blockchains wezempilo. 2017 Ingqungquthela Yomhlaba Wonke Yogesi kanye ne-Computing Technologies kanye nezicelo ( ICECTA ), 2017.
> Chen R, Chau K, uLu D, et al. Ukushicilelwa nokubika ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa komtholampilo: Ukuhlaziywa kwesigaba esiphambene nezikhungo zezokwelapha. BMJ, 2016; 352;
> Engelhardt M. Hitching Ukunakekelwa Kwezempilo Kuhlelo: Isingeniso se-Blockchain Technology kuMkhakha wezeMpilo . Ukubukezwa kobuchwepheshe be-Technology, 2017; 7 (10): 22-34.
> Huckle S, Bhattacharya R, White M, Beloff N. I-intanethi yezinto, i-Blockchain ne-Shared Economy Applications . I-Procedia Computer Science , 2016; 98: 461-466.
> Mattei T. Ubumfihlo, Ukugcinwa Kwamfihlo, Nokuvikeleka kolwazi lokunakekelwa kwezempilo: Izifundo ezivela kwi-WannaCry Cyberattack yakamuva. I-World Neurosurgery , 2017; 104: 972-974.