Ingabe la madivaysi asemakhaya azoba yingxenye yokuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke?
Muva nje, iminyango ibilokhu ibona ukwanda kokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yekhaya ehlakaniphile. Kubonakala sengathi ubuchwepheshe obuxhunyiwe buye baxoshwa futhi baba indawo evamile. Ngomnyaka ka-2022 , indlu ehlakaniphile ejwayelekile kulindeleke ukuthi ibe namadivaysi ama-smart smart angama-500, kusukela kuma-smart bulbs nama-smart bins kuya kumadivayisi ahlanganisiwe we-telehealth.
Ukuqapha imikhiqizo yasekhaya smart ekhaya, ikakhulukazi, ulethe amathuba amaningi.
Abanye bathi ukunakekelwa kwempilo engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye kuya kwemihlanu kungase kube yinto esedlule. Noma kunjalo, imishini yamagciwane ehlakaniphile efana ne-smartwatches kanye nabaqhubi bemisebenzi akukona okwamanje ukuqapha impilo yethu ngokugcwele. Kudingeka izixazululo ezintsha, futhi eziningi zikhona ezintsha. Ochwepheshe bavumelana ukuthi lezi zinkinga kufanele zisekelwe ekusebenzisaneni lapho amadivaysi angaxhumana khona.
Lesi sihloko sihlola ezinye zezindawo ezingasiza kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni ubuchwepheshe bezempilo nobuchwepheshe bekhaya. Ibuye ihlanganise ezinye zezinto zobuchwepheshe zamuva ezisekela i-home smart ezayo.
Iyini Ikhaya le-Smart?
Cabanga ikhaya lapho ishazi lakho lisebenza khona isheke sezempilo esisheshayo, esingenasidingo uma ungena, futhi umbhede wakho unamasela athola izimpawu zokugula. Idatha eqoqiwe ikwabelwana kuwo wonke amadivaysi asekhaya ahlukile (noma athunyelwa kuchwepheshe wezempilo okhethiwe) futhi inikeza izexwayiso ukuqinisekisa ukuthi impilo yakho ayihlosiwe.
Lezi zimo manje seziyiqiniso.
Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, sizokwazi ukuhlala emakhaya azoba nempilo ekwakheni isakhiwo sabo. Imizi ehlakaniphile iba yindawo yokwakha yamadolobha ahlakaniphile lapho izinsiza zingabiwa ngokuphumelelayo nangengqondo, kanti izinsizakalo ezenziwe ngezifiso zinikezwa izakhamuzi ngabanye ngokusekelwe ezimisweni zabo nezidingo zabo ezihlukile.
U-Kirsten Gram-Hanssen weYunivesithi yase-Aalborg eDenmark noSara J. Darby wase-University of Oxford bachaza ukuthi ayikho incazelo ecacisiwe yekhaya elihlakaniphile nokho. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukuqonda ukuthi imizi enjalo ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokuzwa kwedijithali namadivaysi okuxhumana angakwazi ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile.
I-Gram-Hanssen noDarby babonisa ukuthi, kwabanye, umqondo wendlu kungenzeka ukuthi awuhambisani nomqondo omusha we "ubuhlakani" (okwamanje). Ubuchwepheshe bekhaya lobuhlakani abuguquki nje kuphela imvelo yethu kodwa futhi nobunikazi bethu, izindima zethu, nezindlela zethu zansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, abanye abasebenzisi bangase bangafuni ukwamukela le paradigm eshintshayo, futhi ukutholwa kwentuthuko ehlobene nempilo yanamuhla kungadinga ukuphathwa okucabangekayo kokuguqulwa.
Ikhaya le-Super Smart labadala
Ukuguga kuhlale kukhulunywa ngokuphathelene namakhaya ahlakaniphile. Ubuchwepheshe bungasiza abantu asebekhulile ukuba bahlale bezimele futhi bephephile, futhi bagweme (noma bahlehlise) ushintsho olunzima ekunakekelweni kwezikhungo. I-Cox Communications idalule ikhaya labo elisha elihlakaniphile lapho yonke idivayisi "ihlakaniphile." Ukuxhumana okuqinile kwe-intanethi kungaphakathi komkhiqizo wabo, futhi inkampani inikeza inethiwekhi kwabanye abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo.
Akuyona nje imishini elawulwa kude, lekhaya-okuthiwa i-Connected Independence-nayo ihlanganisa ukuxhumana okuqondile namalungu omndeni kanye nabaqeqeshiwe bezempilo.
Isibonelo, umuntu angenza iseshini yabo ye-physiotherapy ikude ngokuqondiswa okubukhoma ku-intanethi kusuka ku-physiotherapist. Noma, izihlobo zazo ezihlala kwenye indawo zingangena ngaphakathi nangaphandle nge-smartphone noma ithebulethi, ngakho-ke abathandekayo bahlale bekhona uma kudingeka.
Leli khadi elihlakaniphile libuye lihlanganise ne-smart pillar dispenser, ibhodlela elihlakaniphile lokunisela izitshalo zakho, nezinzwa zokuhamba ngaphakathi ngaphakathi nangaphandle (okuwusizo kokutholakala kokuwa), kanye nesithwebuli se-barcode othomathikhi GeniCan esinamathiselwe kudoti ekhaya leyo emaphaketheni elahliwe ithola ukuskena futhi izinto ezithengisiwe zengezwe ohlwini lokuthenga lomsebenzisi.
Ngisho nezilwane ezifuywayo zibhekwa endlini yamehlo kaCox ne-smart dog feeder Feed and Go. Le feeder inja urekhoda izwi lakho futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuhlela ukuphakelayo, kanye nokunikeza imithi. Futhi, ungalandela izindlela zokudla zesilwane ngekhamera yewebhu ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi umngane womuntu womlilo ugcinwe kahle.
Ekhaya lanamuhla elihlakaniphile, imisebenzi eminingi ebaluleke kakhulu ekuziphatheni ezizimele ingabhekwa, futhi usizo lunikezwa ngesisekelo esidingekayo. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle-ngokwesibonelo, umuntu wehla noma engathathi imithi yakhe-umndeni ungaziswa ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, umuntu ohlala ekhaya ohlakaniphile ugcina ukuzimela kwakhe nokuzimela.
Ukusekela Abanakekeli Komndeni
Izixazululo zekhaya ezihlakaniphile zivame uklanywa nabanakekeli engqondweni. Imbonini yezokwelapha yezobuchwepheshe manje isihlinzeka ngezindlela ezintsha zokulwa nokuntuleka kwabasebenzi kanye namashejuli amatasa.
Amaprobhothi ezempilo asekelayo asehlongozwa njengabahlinzeki bokunakekelwa esikhundleni. Baye baqhubeka befana nabantu futhi bekwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba nezomzwelo zabantu abazinakekelayo. Njengoba ukuhlakanipha kwengqondo kwamarobhothi kukhula, kanjalo nokwamukelwa kwabo.
AmaRobhothi enza imisebenzi ehlobene nokunakekelwa kwezempilo ekhaya abizwa ngokuthi ama-robot wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ekhaya noma amaHHR. UDkt. Khaled Goher we-Aston University e-United Kingdom ubachaza ngokuthi ama-robot abasiza ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ngokuqapha abadala emakhaya abo. Isibonelo esisodwa yiPillo, i-robot engayiphendula imibuzo yakho yezokwelapha, ikusize ukuphatha imithi yakho kanye nezithako zokudla okunomsoco, ukuhleleka ukuvuselela izidakamizwa, nokukuxhumanisa neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. I-robot inokubukwa kwezwi nokubona ubuso futhi ingavumelaniswa namanye amadivaysi agqokekayo ekhaya lakho elihle.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi, ngokungafani nesizukulwane esincane samanje, abantu asebekhulile abafuni ukuthi ama-robot abo abe ngabantu abanjalo. Abaningi bakhetha ama-robot amahle kakhulu, ngakho-ke amapulatifomu afana nePillo-afana nezikrini noma izikhulumi-angase athole kangcono kunombhobho onokubonakala kwe-humanoid. Futhi, abantu asebekhulile baye babonisa ukuthi bangathanda ama-robot ukuwasiza ngemisebenzi efana nokugcinwa kwezindlu, kanti imisebenzi ehambisana nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu (isib. Ukugqoka, ukugeza, njll) kungcono kwesokunxele kubangane bomuntu.
Ukuphathwa Kwezifo Zasemakhaya Ekhaya
Imodeli yokunakekelwa kwempilo yamanje exhomeke ekuvakashelweni komhlengikazi, odokotela, kanye nabahlengikazi ishintshwa kancane kancane ngamasevisi amasha. U-Trapollo, inkampani i-Cox Communications eyitholile, iye yasungula izixazululo ezahlukene zokunakekelwa kwezempilo okude.
Le nkampani inikeza amaphakheji ahlukahlukene e-telehealth axhumanisa abantu neqembu labo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe. Uma abantu bengakwazi ukuphatha izimo zabo ezingapheli ekhaya, lokhu kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi-ukuhlinzeka kwenziwa kahle. Ngokubheka kwebhizinisi, ukunakekelwa kwekhaya kubiza kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlala esibhedlela, futhi kunciphisa okunye ukucindezela ohlelweni lwezempilo olusekelwe manje lwe-United States.
Abacwaningi beScripps Science Translational Science Institute eLa Jolla, California, kubika ucwaningo olwakubonisa ukuthi ukuxhumana nge-oxygen saturation, ukucindezeleka kwegazi, ukushisa komzimba kanye nokuphefumula kwe-biometrics kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuvunyelwa kwabantu abane-chronic obstructive disease (COPD). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhanjiswa kwezingcingo zabantu abanezinkinga eziningi kungase kube yinselele futhi kungase kudingeke ukuthi kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe izinhlelo nezinhlelo ezifanele zokusekela. Kuze kube manje, ubuchwepheshe obuhlose izimo ezithile ezingapheli zithole impendulo engcono futhi kunokwesekwa kwesayensi okwengeziwe.
Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe bekhaya buboniswe ukuthi buwusizo ekunakekeleni abantu abane-dementia. Ukudemeka kwengqondo, isetshenziselwa izikhumbuzo futhi kusiza labo ababhekene nokuphefumula komqondo emisebenzini evamile yokuphila kwansuku zonke. Amadivaysi e-computer, njenge-COACH, angakwazi ukuqondisa ngokuzimela umuntu omdala onomdemokhrasi ngemisebenzi (isb. Ukuhlanza izandla) usebenzisa ama-audio kanye / noma ama-video, okunciphisa isidingo sosizo. I-COACH ingayinquma isimo somsebenzi futhi inqume ukuthi umuntu udinga isikhumbuzo futhi, uma kunjalo, yiyiphi.
I-Smart Bedroom njengelungelo elilandelayo
Ikhwalithi ehle yokulala ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila enempilo. Ukugeza ukuhlanzeka kusiza ekunakekeni kwezempilo. Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokulala obuhamba ngaphezu kokulandela ukulala kungenzeka kakade kuhlanganiswe ekamelweni lakho lokulala.
Ungakhetha ukuba ne-smart ergonomic mattress elawulwa yi-smartphone yakho. Noma, ungathola iwashi le-alamu elivusiwe, lifanise ukukhanya kwelanga lokukhanya kwelanga. Ubuchwepheshe be-Smart buyatholakala kuwo wonke amakamelo ekamelweni lakho lokulala, kusukela kuma-bulb kuya ekuphumeni. Ungazama nokunciphisa amaphupho amancane wengane yakho ngokusebenzisa i-Sleep Guardian, evezela ngokuzenzekelayo ukuphazamisa ukuphazamiseka ebusuku ngaphandle kokuvusa okuncane).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi manje bakholelwa ukuthi ukuziphatha kwethu ngenkathi siphapheme kungacaciswa kusuka ekuziphatheni kokulala (izinga lokulala) futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. UJennifer Williams noDieve Cook abasebenza eSikoleni Sokugcizelela Umshini Wezobuchwepheshe kanye neKhompyutha Yezobuchwepheshe eWashington State University baqhuba uphenyo ngokulala futhi bavuselele ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bekhaya. Ucwaningo lwabo lwenziwa ngosizo lwe-CASAS smart home system.
Inhloso yocwaningo lwabo ukukwazi ukubikezela abantu abalalayo nabokulala ngokuhlaziya idatha eqoqwe ngamasenja ekamelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi maduzane, singase sikwazi ukubikezela "izinsuku zethu ezimbi" bese silungiselela ngokufanele. Imiphumela ingasiza futhi ukuhlela indlela engcono yokunakekela umuntu ohlala ekhaya elihlakaniphile.
Ingabe ama-Smart Home Devices angabeka Amasevisi wezeMpilo?
Kukhona umbuzo ovuthayo ekunakekelweni kwempilo yedijithali: ngelinye ilanga, ikhaya elihlakaniphile elilawulwa kahle lingabe lithathe indawo yokunakekelwa esibhedlela? Ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi izimo eziningi zezempilo, ikakhulukazi izifo ezingelapheki, zingabhekwa futhi ziphathwe ekhaya ezihlonyelwe imikhiqizo yasekhaya edingekayo.
Kodwa-ke, cishe kuzoba nesidingo sezibhedlela kanye nokungenelela kwempilo ebusweni. Noma kunjalo, impilo ehlobene nekhaya yimbono okufanele ikhuthazwe. Ihlinzeka ngamathuba amaningi okunika amandla nokulawula isiguli, nokunciphisa izindleko zezempilo ezimweni eziningi.
Ama-smart smart axhumekile angase angakakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni sezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezikhona, kepha angakwazi ukwengeza inani lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokunakekelwa, nokunciphisa ukucindezela okuqhubekayo ohlelweni lwezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ngezindlela eziningi ngaphezu komthamo.
> Imithombo:
> Goher K, Mansouri N, Fadlallah S. Ukuhlolwa kokunakekelwa komuntu kanye namarobhothi wezokwelapha ekubhekeni komuntu omdala. I-Robotics & Biomimetics , 2017; 4 (1): 1-7.
> Gram-Hanssen K, uDarby S. "Ikhaya yikuphi i-smart"? Ukuhlola ucwaningo lwekhaya oluhlakaniphile nezindlela ezibhekene nomqondo wekhaya. I-Energy Research & Social Science , ngo-2018; 37: 94-101.
> Hui T, uSherratt R, uSánchez D. Izidingo ezinkulu zokwakha izindlu ze-Smart e-Smart Cities ezisekelwe kwi-intanethi yezobuchwepheshe bezinto. I-Future Generation Computer Systems , 2017; 76: 358-369.
> Kim K, Gollamdi S, uSteinhubl S. Ukubukeza: Ubuchwepheshe be-Digital ukuvumela ukuguga endaweni. I-Gerontology yokuhlola , 2017; 88: 25-31.
> Williams J, Cook D. Ukubikezela ukuziphatha emakhaya smart ngokusekelwe ubuthongo futhi wake amaphethini. Ubuchwepheshe Nezokwelapha . 2017; 25 (1): 89-110.