Imiphumela yenkinga yokufunda yonyaka emibili izinkolelo ezivamile
Ucwaningo oluningi lubonise ukuthi abantu abesabayo noma abakwazi ukudalula isimo sabo se-HIV basengozini enkulu yokuzihlukanisa nokucindezeleka. Lokhu nakho kungenza kube nzima ukulondoloza amazinga adingekayo wokunamathela kwezidakamizwa ukuze kugcinwe igciwane ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi uma imishanguzo yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kufanele ithathwe ekusithekeni.
Ngakho-ke, ingqondo eyokwenza ukuba abantu abahluleka ukudalula isimo sabo segciwane lesandulela ngculazi bangabe besengozini enkulu yokugula nokufa kunelabo abakwenzayo.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ososayensi sebeqalile ukuhlola lokho kucabanga futhi bafike kwezinye iziphetho ezimangalisayo.
Amanani Okungabonakali
Ucwaningo lweminyaka emibili olwenziwe yi-Antiretrovirals yaseLondon, iHIV Transmission Risk, ne-Attitudes (ASTRA), lathola amadoda angu-3,258 abane-HIV emitholampilo eyisishiyagalolunye e-UK Abahlanganyeli babenabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa ocansini kanye namadoda (MSM) , amadoda angqingili, bonke abaqashwe kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ku-2011.
Abahlanganyeli bahlolisiswa ngamunye ukuze banqume ukuthi ngabe babembule yini isimo sabo noma "akekho," "abanye," noma "abaningi noma bonke" bombuthano wabo womphakathi. Ukudalula kubalingani bobulili obungavamile akufakiwe.
Ngokubanzi, i-MSM itholakale ukuthi inamathuba amaningi okudalula isimo sabo se-HIV ngamaphesenti amahlanu kuphela hhayi ukudalula kunoma ubani. Ngokuphambene, amaphesenti angu-16 abesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abangamaphesenti ayishumi nambili (17%) abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane ababesithandana nabo abazange baveze.
Ukungafani kwakuxhomeke kakhulu ekuboneni ukuthi "isijeziso sezenhlalakahle" sokudalulwa emphakathini we-MSM siye saba ngaphansi kwamanye amaqembu.
Konke okushiwo, abacwaningi bakwazi ukukhomba amaphethini okudalula okulandelayo:
| Ichazwe ku | Amadoda Anayo Ubulili Namadoda (MSM) | Heterosexual Abesifazane | Heterosexual Amadoda |
| Akekho | 5% | 16% | 17% |
| Ayikho Umndeni | 40% | 33% | 39% |
| Akukho Abangane | 14% | 43% | 56% |
| Abekho Osebenza nabo Osebenza | 54% | 84% | 84% |
| Umndeni othile | 32% | 44% | 47% |
| Abanye Abangane | 56% | 38% | 50% |
| Abanye Ozakwethu Abasebenzi | 39% | 13% | 14% |
| Iningi noma Yonke Umndeni | 27% | 20% | 17% |
| Iningi noma Bonke Abangane | 30% | 8% | 17% |
| Iningi noma Bonke Abalingani Bomsebenzi | 6% | 3% | 2% |
Akumangalisi ukuthi ukungabonakali kumuntu oshade naye noma umlingani oqinile ophakeme kakhulu kwabafazi abesilisa ocansini (amaphesenti angu-13), alandelwa amadoda angamaqembu angamaqembu angama-sex (amaphesenti angu-10,9) nama-MSM (amaphesenti angu-4,9).
Ukwehluleka kwamakhosikazi, ingozi yobudlova, ukwehlukana kwezomnotho kanye nokunye ukungalingani ngokobulili kwakungenxa yokuthi kungesinye isizathu sokuthi abesifazane abangabalelwa kwabayisishiyagalolunye bahluleka ukudalulwa.
Imiphumela yokungabonakali kanye nempilo
Ngemuva kokusungula isimo sokudalula komhlanganyeli ngamunye, abacwaningi bahlanganisa izinto ezifana nobudala, ubuhlanga, inkolo, isimo sokwelashwa, ukwesekwa kwezenhlalakahle kanye nesimo sompilo somuntu ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa.
Lokhu kwabe sekuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa nesimo sezempilo somhlanganyeli ekupheleni kokuhlolwa kweminyaka emibili, kuhlanganise:
- Izinga lokunamathela kwezidakamizwa
- Izinga lokucindezelwa kwegciwane (njengoba kulinganiswa umthamo wegciwane )
- Ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka
Lokho abaphenyi abathola ukuthi ukungabonakali, futhi ngokwako, kwakungekho neze umthelela kunoma iyiphi yalezi zindaba futhi ukuthi abantu abakhethe ukungazidalanga babengekho engozini enkulu yempilo engafanele kunelabo abenza.
Lokho abakukutholile ukuthi impilo embi yayihlotshaniswa nezinye izici kuhlanganise nobudala obudala, ubuhlanga obumnyama , ukuxilongwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, futhi ukungabi ne-HIV.
Phakathi kwe-MSM, ukuba ne-inhlangano nenkolo nayo ihlotshaniswa nempilo empofu.
Izwi elivela
Ngenkathi imiphumela ingase isikisele ukuthi ukudalulwa kwe-HIV akuyona yonke into ebalulekile-ukuthi ungenza kahle nje uma uveza isimo sakho noma cha-abaningi bathi isifundo asihluleki umthelela wokuthi ukufihla, ukuzihlukanisa kanye nemizwa yokuhlazeka empilweni yomuntu esikhathini eside.
Namuhla, ngezinqubo zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe ezinikezela "ukuthethelela" okukhulu kwezokwelapha, ukugxila kugxile ekulawuleni i-HIV njengesiyalo esikude kulowo i-HIV ephethwe njengengxenye yempilo yomuntu jikelele.
Futhi, yilezi zinkinga ezifana nokuzihlukanisa nokuntuleka kokusekelwa kwezenhlalakahle kubalulekile. Njengezici ezizimele, zombili zixhunyaniswa namazinga aphakeme wokunakwa kwezempilo kanye nenengozi eyengeziwe yokufa kwabantu bonke. Kulula nje, ukuzihlukanisa nabantu akuthuthukisi noma yikuphi ukugula, i-HIV noma okunye.
Okubalulekile lokhu: Abantu abane-HIV banamathuba amaningi okufa ngenxa yokugula okungenayo igciwane lesandulela ngculazi kunomuntu ohlobene ne-HIV. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi zalezi zifo (njengomdlavuza nesifo senhliziyo ) zivama ukuba zenzeke eminyakeni engu-10 kuya ku-15 ngaphambi kwalokho kunabantu abaningi.
Ngenkathi i-HIV engeyona ukudalula ingase ingabi nomthelela oqondile emandleni akho okulawula igciwane, umthelela wayo empilweni yakho nenhlalakahle yakho ingaba yingozi kakhulu.
> Umthombo:
> Daskalopoulou, M .; I-Lampe, F .; Phillips, A. et al. "Ukungabonakali kwe-HIV serostatus nokuzihlanganisa nezici zengqondo, i-ART engekho ukunamathela, nomthamo wesandulela ngculaza okungezona ukucindezelwa phakathi kwabantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi e-UK." I-AIDS Behav. 2017; 21 (1): 184-95. I-DOI: 10.1007 / s10461-016-1541-4.