Inqubo Yokuxhaswa Nge-UN-Coordinated Central to the Global AIDS Fight
I-Global Fund yokulwa ne-AIDS, isifo sofuba kanye ne-malaria (eyaziwa nangokuthi "I-Global Fund" noma, "nje isiKhwama"), i-ejensi yempilo yomhlaba wonke eheha futhi ichithe izinsiza zokuvimbela nokwelapha i- HIV , isifo sofuba kanye ne- malaria . - emazweni angenayo ephakathi.
Umlando we-Global Fund
Isekelwe eGeneva, i-Global Fund yasungulwa ngo-2002 ngemuva kweminyaka emibili yenkulumo nezinqubomgomo phakathi kwabathintekayo abakhulu-kuhlanganisa ama-ejensi amaningi, izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni (NGOs), izizwe ze-G8 kanye nezizwe ezingezona iG8.
UNobhala weZizwe Ezihlangene uKofi Annan wanikela ngemali yokuqala yangasese esiKhwameni ngo-2001, ilandelwa iKomidi le-Olimpiki elifanisa nomnikelo ka-Annan we $ 100,000. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, uBill & Melinda Gates Foundation bazinikele ngemali eyizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizigidi zamaRandi, kuyilapho i-US, Japan neBrithani befaka isamba semali engu-200 million emalini yokuqala.
Ngesikhathi kuphela imali eyizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi ($ 1.9 billion) ezithembisiwe ngesikhathi sokuqaliswa kwesiKhwama-okuncane kakhulu ku-$ 7 kuya ku-10 million ezihlongozwa ukuzibophezela kuka-Annan ezivela emazweni athuthukile athuthukile ekuthuthukiseni okusheshayo ekusekeleni. Ngo-2013, kuphakanyisiwe imali engaphezu kwezingu-28 zamaRandi, kanti i-US ihlinzekela amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-8,5.
Phakathi kwabanikeli bezinkampani ezizimele, i-Gates Foundation, (PRODUCT) RED ne-Chevron namhlanje ziphakathi kwabanikezeli abakhulu, ngokuzibophezela ku-2015 okulinganiselwa ku-$ 1.25 billion, $ 219 million kanye no-$ 55 million, ngokulandelana.
Ukuvuselelwa kwesine kwe-Global Global Fund ngo-2014-2016 okufakwe imali engu-$ 12.5 billion-ukukhushulwa kuka-30% ngaphezu kuka-2011-2013, kodwa okuncane kakhulu ku-$ 15 billion okufunwa (noma imali eyi-$ 27 billion edingwa yi-UN ngonyaka ukulwa ne-AIDS kuphela).
Indlela iSikhwama Sezwe Sezisebenza Ngayo
I-Global Fund isebenza njengendlela yokuxhasa imali kunokuba i-agency yokuqaliswa (ngokuphambene ne-PEPFAR, ejwayele ukuqondisa nokusebenzisa imisebenzi ye-HIV / AIDS ngokusebenzisa imigudu eminingi ye-US).
I-Global Fund Board-eyakhiwe yizizwe ezinikezelayo kanye nezihambeli, kanye nezinhlangano ezizimele kanye nezizwe eziningi-inesibopho sokubeka inqubomgomo, ukucacisa amasu, nokubeka kokubili imigomo yezimali kanye namabhajethi.
Izinhlelo ziqaliswa ngaphakathi kwezwe ngalinye elitholayo yikomiti yabathintekayo bendawo ababandakanya lokho okubizwa ngokuthi iMigudu Yokuxhumana Yezwe (CCM). I-Secretariat ye-Global Fund inesibopho sokugunyazwa kwesibonelelo kanye nokukhokha ku-CCM, kanye nokuqapha nokuhlola ukusebenza kohlelo.
Izibonelelo zisekelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenza futhi zinikezwe umamukeli oyinhloko (PR) oqokwe yi-CCM. Amagatsha wesiKhwama sendawo (ama-LFAs) anezivumelwano zesifunda ukuze angamele futhi abuyele emuva ekusebenzeni kwesibonelelo.
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zinyathelo, i-Secretariat inganquma ukuthi izokhipha, ibukeze, igweme noma ishiye imali kwi-CCM. Izibonelelo zivunyelwe isikhathi sokuqala seminyaka emibili futhi zivuselelwe ezintathu, kanti izimali zahlakazeka zonke izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezi-6.
Impumelelo nezinselele
I-Global Fund isekela izinhlelo emazweni angaphezu kuka-140 futhi, kanye ne-PEPFAR, ingenye yezimali eziyinhloko emhlabeni jikelele wezokuvikela nokwelashwa kwe- HIV emhlabeni jikelele.
Phakathi kwezimpumelelo zayo, lesi sikhwama sibalwa ngokubeka abantu abangaphezu kuka-6.1 abane-HIV ngezidambisigciwane (ama-ARV), baphatha abantu abayizigidi ezingu-11.2 abane-TB, futhi basakaza amanetha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-360 ezihlala njalo ezinambuzane zokuvikela izinambuzane.
Ngenxa yalokho kanye nezinye izinhlelo, amazinga okudlulisa umhlaba wonke aye awela ngamaphesenti angama-25 kusukela ngo-2003, kanti izinga lokutheleleka kwengane liye lalingcipha kancane phakathi nesikhathi esifanayo.
Kodwa naphezu kwale ntuthuko, i- UNAIDS ilinganisela ukuthi ukutholakala kwama-ARV kumelela kuma-34% kuphela emhlabeni wonke, nabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-28 abasadinga ukwelashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ukutheleleka okusha kanye nokufa okuhlobene ne-AIDS kuyaqhubeka nokunciphisa, abantu abengeziwe bayodinga ukufakwa kuma-ARVs okuhlala isikhathi eside, okuqhubeka nokuthinta isabelomali eseluliwe kakade.
Ukubhekana nalezi zinselele, i-Global Fund yakhipha isiphakamiso sonyaka ka-2012 lapho ukugxila okukhulu kwezimali kuzobekwa khona ezinhlelweni ezizinzile, ezinomthelela omkhulu eziqinisekisiwe, ezinenani eliphakeme le dollar.
Izingxabano kanye nezikhalazo
Ngenkathi inqubomgomo ye-Global Fund 'yokuziphendulela' ikhonjiswe ngokunciphisa ukulungiswa kwezikhundla nokunciphisa ukwenziwa kwezinhlelo emazweni atholakele, abanye baye bagxekeza le nhlangano ngokuhluleka ukuvimbela inkohlakalo nokuxoshwa kwemali ngamakhomishana amaningi ephikisanayo.
Isibonelo, ngo-2002, i-Global Fund yabeka imali engu-£ 48 million ukuze iphrojekthi yesifundazwe KwaZulu-Natali, eNingizimu Afrika. Inhloso yayiwukuxhasa uhlelo ngqo ngokuzama ukuxosha uhulumeni kaMongameli uThabo Mbeki , owaye wamemezela ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi izidambisigciwane zinesifo esinobuthi ngaphezu kwe-HIV. Ekugcineni, i-Global Fund ikhiphe imali kuhulumeni waseMbeki-i-CCM ekhethiwe-naphezu kwemizamo kaMbeki kanye noNgqongqoshe wezeMpilo ukuvimbela ukusatshalaliswa kwama-ARV kubesifazane abakhulelwe.
Kamuva ngo-2011, i-Associated Press (AP) ibike ukuthi kwaze kwaba yizigidi ezingu-34 zamaRandi imali elahlekelwe yinkohlakalo, ngokuhlukunyezwa okuqhubekayo kuze kube seMali, e-Uganda, eZimbabwe, ePhilippines nase-Ukraine. Phakathi nophenyo, i-UN Development Fund (UNDP) izame ukuvimbela umhloli jikelele we-Global Fund umhloli wokuthola ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi emazweni angama-20 ahlukene, ecela ukuzivikela komzimba.
(Ngonyaka oshicilelwe eWashington Post, umlobi wezincwadi uMichael Gerson uphendule i-AP ngokufakazela ukuthi izimali ezilahlekile zimelela izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ze-1% yemali ephelele eyabelwe yi-Global Fund.)
Ngalolo nyaka, isiKhwama saphoqelelwa ukukhansela ukujikelezwa kwesibonelelo seshumi neshumi ngenxa yokuvuselelwa okungafinyeleli noma okulibalekile ngamazwe abanikelayo. Eqinisweni, amazwe amaningana, kuhlanganise neJalimane neSweden, ayekekele ngemali ngenhloso ngenxa yezimangalo eziningi zokuthi "udoti, ukukhwabanisa nenkohlakalo," kuyilapho izinhlangano eziningana zibiza ukushiya uMqondisi Omkhulu weSikhwama, uMichel Kazatchkine.
Ngenxa yalokhu kanye nezinye izingxabano, i-Global Fund Board yavuma ukushiya uKazatchkine ngonyaka ka-2012 futhi yasungula izinguquko ngokushesha kwi-model yayo-efaka indima ekhuthele ekuphathweni kwezimali, ngenkathi igcizelela kakhulu, ngamazwi ayo, " amazwe angathinteka kakhulu, ukungenelela kanye nabantu. "
UDkt. R. Dybul, owayekade esebenza njenge-US Global AIDS Coordinator ngaphansi kwe-PEPFAR, wamiswa njengoMqondisi oPhethe ngoNovemba 2012.
Imithombo:
I-Global Fund yokulwa ne-AIDS, isifo sofuba kanye ne-malaria. "I-Global Fund Annual Report 2012." I-Geneva, eSwitzerland; I-ISBN: 978-92-9224-380-7.
Agence France-Presse. "I-UN-AIDS: U-Uganda wakhethwe ukuba abe ngumholi we-UN's AID Fund." NgoJulayi 31, 2001.
I-Global Fund yokulwa ne-AIDS, isifo sofuba kanye ne-malaria. "I-Global Fund yokulwa ne-AIDS, isifo sofuba kanye ne-Malaria - izibopho." I-Geneva, eSwitzerland.
McNeil, D. "$ 12 Billion Uqinisekisiwe Ukulwa ne-AIDS, TB kanye ne-Malaria." I-New York Times. Disemba 3, 2013.
I-Global Fund yokulwa ne-AIDS, isifo sofuba kanye ne-malaria. "Imiphumela Yesikhwama Somhlaba Wonke Bonisa Isikhathi Esiqinile." I-Geneva, eSwitzerland. Ukushicilelwa kocwaningo okushicilelwe ngo-27 Novemba 2013
I-Global Fund yokulwa ne-AIDS, isifo sofuba kanye ne-malaria. "I-Global Fund Isu 2012-2016: Ukutshala izimali." I-Geneva, eSwitzerland;
UMcGreal, uC. "UMphathiswa weMbeki uhlasela isibonelelo sezimali ze-UN. I-Guardian. NgoJulayi 22, 2002.
I-Associated Press (AP). "Ukukhwabanisa kuphazamisa isikhwama sempilo yonke emhlabeni." I-Guardian. NgoJanuwari 23, 2011.
UGerson, M. "Ukubeka inkohliso ekusetshenzisweni kwempilo yomhlaba jikelele kumongo." I-Washington Post. Februwari 4, 2011.
I-AIDS Healthcare Fund (AHF). "I-AHF: I-Global Fund Head kumele ihambe kancane ukuze iqinisekise ukubonakala kweSikhwama." Ama-Reuters. Isitatimende sephephandaba; Septemba 20, 2011.
I-Global Fund yokulwa ne-AIDS, isifo sofuba kanye ne-malaria. "Amaminithi emihlangano emihlanu yeBhodi Yemihlangano." I-Accra, eGhana; Novemba 21-22, 2011.